Singapore

updated Apr 20, 2010 by Nick Thorp

Please help improve the WLT by reporting broken links and suggesting additional content and features by contacting the Country Correspondent or the WLT at Contact@wlt.org.

Country Correspondent

R. Ponampalam

Government Agencies

View Singapore in a larger map Legend:

= Government Agency,

= NGO,

= University,

= Professional Society,

= Poison Control Center,

= Toxic Site.

Non-Government Organizations

Occupational and Environmental Health Society
Prof. P. Gopalakrishnakone, Venom and Toxin Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
Singapore Medical Council
Singapore Pharmacy Council
Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory

Universities

Academy of Medicine
- Chapter of Emergency Physicians
Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School
National University of Singapore (NUS)
- Faculty of Science, Pharmacy
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine

Professional Societies

Poison Control Centers

None

Miscellaneous Resources

Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Drug Overdose and Poisoning is currently under review and is expected to be updated available by 2010.

Key Publications

Journals
- "A Clinical Approach to Medicine". Second Edition. Editors Yong Yau ONG, Keng Thye WOO, Han Seong NG, Patrick TAN & Ong Teng TANG. World Scientific 2005. Chapter in book. Management of Poisoning. Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V.
- The Annals, Academy of Medicine Singapore
- SGH Proceedings
- Singapore Medical Journal
Monographs
- Ngo SYA, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R. Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients in the Emergency Department? Resuscitation 2007, Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. Review. PMID: 17306436 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].
- Ngo SYA, Ponampalam R, Leong KF, Lim SH. Chlorine Hazmat and its Impact on the Emergency Department. Prehosp Disaster Med 2007 Mar 22 (2);136-9. PMID: 17591186 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].
- Chew HC, Ponampalam R. An unusual cutaneous manifestation with mefloquine. Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Sep;24(5):634-6.
- Gregory Cham, James Chuan-Hsin Pan, Francis Lim, Arul Earnest, P Gopalakrishnakone. Effects of topical heparin, antivenom, tetracycline and dexamethasone treatment in corneal injury resulting from the venom of the black spitting cobra (Naja sumatrana), in a rabbit model. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006; 44 (3):287-92.
- Loh Chin Siew, Ponampalam R. Nephrotoxicity associated with acute paracetamol overdose: a case report and review of the literature. Honk Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006; April:13(2): 105-10.
- Ngo SYA, Ho RY, Olson KR. Phenelzine induced myocardial injury: A case report. Clin Tox 2007;45:626 (Abstract).
- Ngo SYA, Lung Tan DC. Thyrotoxic heart disease. Resuscitation. 2006 Aug;70(2):287-90. Epub 2006 Jun 27. PMID: 16806643 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE].
- Ngo SYA, Ong JSH, Ponampalam. Epidemiology of Stonefish envenomation presented to a Singapore hospital. Clin Tox 2007;45:613 (Abstract).
- Ngo SYA, Chew HC. When the storm passes unnoticed--a case series of thyroid storm. Resuscitation. 2007 Jun;73(3):485-90. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
- Ponampalam R. A Centralized Drug and Poison Information Center. SGH Proceedings 2005, 14(3): 180 - 5.
- Ponampalam R. An Unusual Case of Paralytic Ileus after Jellyfish Envenomation. Emergency Medicine Journal 2002, 19:357-8.
- Ponampalam R. Decontamination - Rationale and Step-By-Step Procedure. SGH Proceedings 2003, 12(4): 213 - 21.
- Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V. Determining the Extent of Adverse Drug Reactions and Poisonings Encountered by Physicians in Singapore. SGH Proceedings 2002, 11(1):17-25.
- Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V. The Need for Drug and Poison Information - The Singapore Physicians' Perspective. Singapore Med J 2003, 44(5): 231-42.
- Ponampalam R, Leong KF, Lim SH. Are We Prepared to Deal with Hazardous Material Incidents? - An SGH Perspective . SGH Proceedings 2002, 11(4): 238 - 41.
- Ponampalam R, Otten EJ. Invitro adsorption of lithium by Bentonite. Singapore Med J 2002, 43(2): 86-9.
- Tan HH, Goh SH. Toxicology Today. Singapore Med J. 2006 Dec;47(12):1016-7. PMID: 17139394. TOP
- Ngo SYA, Tee Caroline, Ponampalam R. Singapore Drug and Poison Information Service: User Satisfaction After Three Years. SGH Proceedings 2009, 18(1): 12 - 16.
- Ponampalam R, HH Tan, KC Ng, WY Lee, SC Tan. Demographics of Toxic Exposures Presenting to Three Public Hospital Emergency Departments inSingapore2001 - 2003. IntJ Emerg Med.2009 April; 2(1): 25-31.Published online 2009 February 4. doi: 10.1007/s12245-008-0080-9. PMCID: PMC2672975.
- Beng Leong Lim, Ghee Hian Lim, and Eillyne Seow.*Case of carbon monoxide poisoning after smoking shisha.*Int J Emerg Med.2009 June; 2(2): 121-122.Published online 2009 March 11. doi: 10.1007/s12245-009-0097-8. PMCID: PMC2700232.
- Ngo SYA, Ong SHJ, Ponampalam R. Stonefish envenomation presenting to a Singapore hospital. SingaporeMed J 2009, 50(5): 506-12.

Legal Links

Singapore Statutes Online
- Medicines Act Cap. 176
- Poisons Act Cap. 234
- Sale of Drugs Act Cap. 282

About Singapore

Background Notes: Singapore (US Department of State)
Consular Information Sheet: Singapore (US Department of State)
Country Study: Singapore (US Library of Congress)
Culture Crossing: Singapore (Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with People from Singapore)
Portals to the World: Singapore (US Library of Congress)
Singapore Embassy in Washington DC
Statistics Singapore
The World Fact Book: Singapore
World Health Organization - Environmental Burden of Disease Country Profile (PDF - 116 KB)

Multilateral Organization Contacts

Multilateral Organization Resource Contacts

Literature References from TOXLINE (Singapore)

Search for Literature Related to Singapore
Search for Literature by Authors in Singapore

Note:Overlap between these two sets of search results is likely.

_Please help_ _[_improve the WLT_|http://www.toxipedia.org/wiki/display/wlt/Help+Improve+the+WLT]_ _by reporting broken links and suggesting additional content and features by contacting the Country Correspondent or the WLT at_ Contact@wlt.org.
{authors}Country Correspondent:
[R. Ponampalam|wlt:R. Ponampalam]
{authors}
!Singapore.jpg|align=left!\\
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h1. Government Agencies


----
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{google-map}

* [Agency for Science, Technology and Research|http://www.a-star.edu.sg/astar/index.do] 
* [Agri-Food & Veterinary Authority of Singapore|http://www.ava.gov.sg/]
* [Central Narcotics Bureau|http://www.cnb.gov.sg/]
* [DSO (Defence Science Organization) National Laboratories|http://www.dso.org.sg/]
* [Defence Science and Technology Agency|http://www.dsta.gov.sg/]
** Defence Medical Research Institute (DMRI)
* [Government-funded hospitals in Singapore|http://app.sgdi.gov.sg/listing_others.asp?t_category=HOSPITAL]
** [Singapore General Hospital|http://www.sgh.com.sg/]
*** [Emergency Toxicology branch, Department of Emergency Medicine|http://www.sgh.com.sg/MedicalSpecialtiesnServices/ClinicalSpecialties/AmbulatoryandClinicalSupportServices/Emergency/]
*** [Hyperbaric & Diving Medical Center| http://www.sgh.com.sg/MedicalSpecialtiesnServices/SpecialistCentres/HDM/ ]
* [Health Promotion Board|http://www.hpb.gov.sg/hpb/default.asp?pg_id=776]
* [Health Sciences Authority|http://www.hsa.gov.sg/publish/hsaportal/en/home.html]
* [Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources|http://app.mewr.gov.sg/web/Common/homepage.aspx ]
* [Ministry of Health|http://www.moh.gov.sg/mohcorp/default.aspx]
* [Ministry of Manpower|http://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/momportal/en/home.html]
** [Workplace Safety and Health|http://www.mom.gov.sg/publish/momportal/en/communities/workplace_safety_and_health.html]
* [National Environment Agency|http://app.nea.gov.sg/]
* [National Safety Council of Singapore|http://www.nscs.org.sg/index.asp]
* [Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF)|http://www.scdf.gov.sg/index.html]
** [Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) Specialist|http://www.scdf.gov.sg/General/About_Us/Organisation_Structure/operations_specialists.html]

\\

h1. Non-Government Organizations


----
* [Occupational and Environmental Health Society|http://www.oehs.org.sg/]
* [Prof. P. Gopalakrishnakone|http://medicine.nus.edu.sg/ant/staff/academic/antgopal.htm], [Venom and Toxin Research Programme|http://www.med.nus.edu.sg/research/progrsch/venom_toxin.shtml], Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore.
* [Singapore Medical Council|http://www.smc.gov.sg/html/SMC_Home.html]
* [Singapore Pharmacy Council|http://www.spc.gov.sg/html/SPB_Home.html]
* [Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory|http://www.tll.org.sg/]

\\

h1. Universities


----
* [Academy of Medicine|http://www.academyofmedicine.edu.sg/index.cfm?loadCPS=yes]
** Chapter of Emergency Physicians
* [Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School|http://www.gms.edu.sg/]
* National University of Singapore (NUS)
** [Faculty of Science, Pharmacy|http://www.pharmacy.nus.edu.sg/]
** [Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine|http://medicine.nus.edu.sg/corporate/]

\\

h1. Professional Societies


----
* [Life Support Training Centre, The Hazmat Medical Life Support programme|http://dpic.sgh.com.sg/HealthcareProfessional/Events/]
Email: lstc@sgh.com.sg
* [Pharmaceutical Society of Singapore|http://pss.org.sg/main/]
* [Singapore Association of Pharmaceutical Industries (SAPI)|http://www.sapi.org.sg/]
* [Singapore Dental Association|http://cms.sda.org.sg/]
* [Singapore Institution of Safety Officers|http://www.siso.org.sg/www/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=13&Itemid=45]
* [Singapore Medical Association|http://www.sma.org.sg/index.html]
* [Singapore Nurses Association|http://www.sna.org.sg/site/]
* [The Society for Emergency Medicine in Singapore|http://www.semsonline.org/]

\\

h1. Poison Control Centers


----
* None
\\

h1. Miscellaneous Resources


----
* Ministry of Health Clinical Practice Guidelines on Management of Drug Overdose and Poisoning is currently under review and is expected to be updated available by 2010.

\\

h1. Key Publications


----
* Journals
** "A Clinical Approach to Medicine". Second Edition. Editors Yong Yau ONG, Keng Thye WOO, Han Seong NG, Patrick TAN & Ong Teng TANG. World Scientific 2005. Chapter in book. Management of Poisoning. Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V.
** [The Annals, Academy of Medicine Singapore|http://www.annals.edu.sg/]
** [SGH Proceedings|http://www.sgh.com.sg/ForDoctorsnHealthcareProfessionals/EducationandTraining/PostgraduateMedicalInstitute/SGHProceedings/]
** [Singapore Medical Journal|http://smj.sma.org.sg/smjcurrent.html]
* Monographs
** Ngo SYA, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R. *Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients in the Emergency Department?* Resuscitation 2007, Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. Review. PMID: 17306436 \[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE\].
** Ngo SYA, Ponampalam R, Leong KF, Lim SH. *Chlorine Hazmat and its Impact on the Emergency Department*. Prehosp Disaster Med 2007 Mar 22 (2);136-9. PMID: 17591186 \[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE\].
** Chew HC, Ponampalam R. *An unusual cutaneous manifestation with mefloquine*. Am J Emerg Med. 2006 Sep;24(5):634-6.
** Gregory Cham, James Chuan-Hsin Pan, Francis Lim, Arul Earnest, P Gopalakrishnakone. *Effects of topical heparin, antivenom, tetracycline and dexamethasone treatment in corneal injury resulting from the venom of the black spitting cobra (Naja sumatrana), in a rabbit model*. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2006; 44 (3):287-92.
** Loh Chin Siew, Ponampalam R. *Nephrotoxicity associated with acute paracetamol overdose: a case report and review of the literature*. Honk Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006; April:13(2): 105-10.
** Ngo SYA, Ho RY, Olson KR. *Phenelzine induced myocardial injury: A case report*. Clin Tox 2007;45:626 (Abstract).
** Ngo SYA, Lung Tan DC. *Thyrotoxic heart disease*. Resuscitation. 2006 Aug;70(2):287-90. Epub 2006 Jun 27. PMID: 16806643 \[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE\].
** Ngo SYA, Ong JSH, Ponampalam. *Epidemiology of Stonefish envenomation presented to a Singapore hospital*. Clin Tox 2007;45:613 (Abstract).
** Ngo SYA, Chew HC. When the storm passes unnoticed--a case series of thyroid storm. Resuscitation. 2007 Jun;73(3):485-90. Epub 2007 Feb 8.
** Ponampalam R. *A Centralized Drug and Poison Information Center*. SGH Proceedings 2005, 14(3): 180 - 5.
** Ponampalam R. *An Unusual Case of Paralytic Ileus after Jellyfish Envenomation*. Emergency Medicine Journal 2002, 19:357-8.
** Ponampalam R. *Decontamination - Rationale and Step-By-Step Procedure*. SGH Proceedings 2003, 12(4): 213 - 21.
** Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V. *Determining the Extent of Adverse Drug Reactions and Poisonings Encountered by Physicians in Singapore*. SGH Proceedings 2002, 11(1):17-25.
** Ponampalam R, Anantharaman V. *The Need for Drug and Poison Information - The Singapore Physicians' Perspective*. Singapore Med J 2003, 44(5): 231-42.
** Ponampalam R, Leong KF, Lim SH. *Are We Prepared to Deal with Hazardous Material Incidents? - An SGH Perspective* . SGH Proceedings 2002, 11(4): 238 - 41.
** Ponampalam R, Otten EJ. *Invitro adsorption of lithium by Bentonite*. Singapore Med J 2002, 43(2): 86-9.
** Tan HH, Goh SH. *Toxicology Today*. Singapore Med J. 2006 Dec;47(12):1016-7. PMID: 17139394. TOP
** Ngo SYA, Tee Caroline, Ponampalam R. *Singapore Drug and Poison Information Service: User Satisfaction After Three Years.* SGH Proceedings 2009, 18(1): 12 - 16.
** Ponampalam R, HH Tan, KC Ng, WY Lee, SC Tan. *Demographics of Toxic Exposures Presenting to Three Public Hospital Emergency Departments inSingapore2001 - 2003.* IntJ Emerg Med.2009 April; 2(1): 25-31.Published online 2009 February 4. doi: 10.1007/s12245-008-0080-9. PMCID: PMC2672975.
** Beng Leong Lim, Ghee Hian Lim, and Eillyne Seow.*Case of carbon monoxide poisoning after smoking shisha.*Int J Emerg Med.2009 June; 2(2): 121-122.Published online 2009 March 11. doi: 10.1007/s12245-009-0097-8. PMCID: PMC2700232.
** Ngo SYA, Ong SHJ, Ponampalam R. *Stonefish envenomation presenting to a Singapore hospital.* SingaporeMed J 2009, 50(5): 506-12.

\\

h1. Legal Links


----
* [Singapore Statutes Online|http://statutes.agc.gov.sg/]
** Medicines Act Cap. 176
** Poisons Act Cap. 234
** Sale of Drugs Act Cap. 282

\\

h1. About Singapore


----
* [Background Notes: Singapore|http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2798.htm] (US Department of State)
* [Consular Information Sheet: Singapore|http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1017.html] (US Department of State)
* [Country Study: Singapore|http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/sgtoc.html] (US Library of Congress)
* [Culture Crossing: Singapore|http://www.culturecrossing.net/basics_business_student.php?id=182] (Cultural Etiquette for Interacting with People from Singapore)
* [Portals to the World: Singapore|http://www.loc.gov/rr/international/asian/singapore/singapore.html] (US Library of Congress)
* [Singapore Embassy in Washington DC|http://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/]
* [Statistics Singapore|http://www.singstat.gov.sg/]
* [The World Fact Book: Singapore|https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/sn.html]
* [World Health Organization - Environmental Burden of Disease Country Profile|http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/national/countryprofile/singapore.pdf] (PDF - 116 KB)

\\

h1. Multilateral Organization Contacts


----
* [Multilateral Organization Resource Contacts|http://www.toxipedia.org/wiki/display/wlt/Multilateral+Organization+Resource+Contacts]

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h1. Literature References from TOXLINE (Singapore)


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* {div:class=new_window}[Search for Literature Related to Singapore|http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+toxline:@mh+singapore]
{div}
* {div:class=new_window}[Search for Literature by Authors in Singapore|http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+toxline:@ad+canada]
{div}
\\
*Note:Overlap between these two sets of search results is likely.*

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