External Links

Teaching resources

• Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington. (accessed: 1 April 2003). K-12 teacher resources, Tox-In-A- Box, and other teacher and student aids.
  
• Toxicology Tutorials - National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site has three tutorial lessons on toxicology.
  
• Toxicology Education Foundation (TEF). (accessed: 2 April 2003). TEF provides grants and resources for education in toxicology.
  
• Society of Toxicology (SOT) - K-12 Resources. (accessed: 2 April 2003). U.S. national toxicology organization site has a variety of useful information and links to educational resources on toxicology and related biological sciences.
  
  European, Asian, and International Agencies
• Organization For Economic Co-Operation And Development (OECD) - Chemical Safety. (accessed: 10 April 2003). This OECD Site contains general information on environmental and chemical health and safety.
  
• European Union - Public Health. (accessed: 4 April 2003). European Union has extensive health related information in many languages.
  
• European Environment Agency. (accessed: 9 April 2003). European Environment Agency has extensive environmental health related information in many languages.
  
• The National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE). (accessed: 2 April 2003). NICE was set up as a Special Health Authority for England and Wales and its role is to provide patients, health professionals and the public with authoritative, robust and reliable guidance on current "best practice".
  
• England - Department of Health (DOH). (accessed: 1 April 2003). The aim of DOH is to improve the health and well-being of people in England.
  
• International Chemical Safety Cards. (accessed: 1 April 2003). This international sire has information on large number of agents.
  
• International Toxicity Estimates for Risk (ITER). (accessed: 1 April 2003). "ITER is a compilation of human health risk values from a number of international health organizations and independent groups."
  
• Chemical Safety Information from Intergovernmental Organizations. (accessed: 1 April 2003). IPCS INCHEM is a means of rapid access to internationally peer reviewed information on chemicals commonly used throughout the world, which may also occur as contaminants in the environment and food. It consolidates information from a number of intergovernmental organizations whose goal it is to assist in the sound management of chemicals.
  
• International Pesticide Data Sheets. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site has a large list of pesticide data sheets.
  
• International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). (accessed: 1 April 2003). IARC's mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control.
  
• World Health Organization (WHO). (accessed: 1 April 2003). The World Health Organization, the United Nations specialized agency for health, was established on 7 April 1948. WHO's objective, as set out in its Constitution, is the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health. Information is in English, Spanish, and French.
  
• International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). (accessed: 1 April 2003). IPCS is a joint programme of three Cooperating Organizations - ILO, UNEP and WHO, implementing activities related to chemical safety.
  
• Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Published by the International Labour Organization's Constitution to promote "the protection of the worker from sickness, disease and injury arising out of employment".
  
• European Environment Agency. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site has information on improving Europe's environment.
  
• The Global Information Network on Chemicals (GINC). (accessed: 1 April 2003). GINC is a worldwide information network for safe use of chemicals.
  
• EcoNet - Institute for Global Communications (IGC). (accessed: 1 April 2003). EcoNet is part of IGC and was the world's first computer network dedicated to environmental preservation and sustainability.
  
• Human and Environmental Risk Assessment (HERA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). HERA, on ingredients of household cleaning projects is a voluntary industry program to carry out Human and Environmental Risk Assessments on ingredients of household cleaning products. HERA is a unique European partnership established in 1999 between the makers of household cleaning products (AISE) and the chemical industry (CEFIC) that supplies the raw materials.
  
• Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (accessed: 5 April 2003). This is Australia's national agency for health and welfare statistics and information.
  
• Japan - Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW). (accessed: 5 April 2003). Japan's MHLW is regulates drug, food and labor safety.
  
• Japan - National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS). (accessed: 5 April 2003). Japan's NIHS regulates drugs and chemicals.
  
  

North American Agencies

• National Library of Medicine - Toxicology and Environmental Health - Broad base of information and links related to toxicology and environmental health. (accessed: 19 August 2004)
  
• U.S. EPA - "The Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database Network provides a community forum for publishing standard format, structure-annotated chemical toxicity data files for open public access" (accessed: 4 July 2004).
  
• Health Canada. (accessed: 8 April 2003). Health Canada provides extensive health related information in English or French.
  
• The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS). (accessed: 1 April 2003). CCOHS promotes a safe and healthy working environment by providing information and advice about occupational health and safety.
  
• Canadian Health Network. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Provides a range of health related information in both English and French. Maintained by the Health Canada, of the Canadian government.
  
• Canadian CHEMINDEX database. (accessed: 1 April 2003). The CHEMINDEX database contains information on over 200,000 chemicals; record contains identification information on a unique chemical substance, including chemical names and synonyms, the CAS registry number, and a list of the CCINFO databases containing information on that substance.
  
• Canadian MSDS Database}. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Material Safety Data Sheets on over 120,000 compounds from 600 North American manufacturers and suppliers.
  
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April 2003). This site provides access to probably the greatest sources of reference material in the world. The Health Information section has specific areas related to Toxicology as well as many searchable databases.
  
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). Contains a wealth of information on many common environmental pollutants such as lead, mercury and pesticides as well as regulatory information. The site also has a great kids section.
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). (accessed: 1 April 2003). "IRIS is a database of human health effects that may result from exposure to various substances found in the environment." An excellent souse of information about many compounds - a great starting place.
  
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) - Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Program. (accessed: 1 April 2003). "The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is a publicly available EPA database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by certain covered industry groups as well as federal facilities."
  
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). All you would ever want to know about the drug approval process as well as basic information on diseases and current event topics.
  
• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - FDA History. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site contains an interesting historical perspective on the U.S. FDA.
  
• U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). OSHA is responsible for regulating the work place environment. The site has information on current standards and business requirements.
  
• U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (accessed: 1 April 2003). NIOSH is responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related disease and injury.
  
• U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (accessed: 1 April 2003). CDC is recognized as the lead federal agency for protecting the health and safety of people of the United States.
  
• U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC). (accessed: 1 April 2003). CPSC works to save lives and keep families safe by reducing the risk of injuries and deaths associated with consumer products.
  
• U.S. National Toxicology Program (NTP). (accessed: 1 April 2003). NTP was established in 1978 by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) to coordinate toxicological testing programs within the Department, strengthen the science base in toxicology; develop and validate improved testing methods; and provide information about potentially toxic chemicals to health regulatory and research agencies, the scientific and medical communities, and the public.
  
• U.S. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). (accessed: 1 April 2003). Wide range of information linking the environment, toxicology and health.
  
• California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). "The CalEPA mission is to restore, protect and enhance the environment, to ensure public health, environmental quality and economic vitality."
  
• California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). "The OEHHA mission is to protect and enhance public health and the environment by objective scientific evaluation of risks posed by hazardous substances."
  
  

Non-Governmental Organizations

• Environmental Defense. (accessed: 1 April 2003). "Environmental Defense is dedicated to protecting the environmental rights of all people, including future generations. Among these rights are clean air and water, healthy and nourishing food, and a flourishing ecosystem."
  
• Environmental Defense - Scorecard. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site has information on health effects and state exposure issues.
  
• Toxicology Excellence For Risk Assessment. (accessed: 1 April 2003). "TERA is a nonprofit (501(c)(3)) corporation dedicated to the best use of toxicity data for the development of risk values."
  
• North American Association for Environmental Education (NAAEE). (accessed: 1 April 2003). NAAEE is a network of professionals, students, and volunteers working in the field of environmental education throughout North America and in over 55 countries around the world. Since 1971, the Association has promoted environmental education and supported the work of environmental educators.
  
• American Lung Association (ALA). (accessed: 1 April 2003). ALA fights lung disease in all its forms, with special emphasis on asthma, tobacco control and environmental health.
  
• Society of Toxicology. (accessed: 1 April 2003). U.S. based international professional organization for toxicologists.
  
• Drug Library. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Offers an incredible history and information on commonly used recreational drugs.
  
  

Library References

• U.S. TOXNET - National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April 2003). TOXNET is a cluster of databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, and related areas.
  
• U.S. Toxicology and Environmental Health - National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site has links to many sites on a variety of toxicology information.
  
• U.S. National Library of Medicine. (accessed: 1 April 2003). Site provides easy access to medical and scientific literature and numerous databases.
  
  

Books

Introductory Books
"The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain Language Guide to Toxicology", by Alice Ottoboni, 1991. Van Nos Reinhold, $24.95. (A very good introduction to toxicology.)

"Beating Murphy's Law: The Amazing Science of Risk," by Bob Berger. 1994. Dell, $11.95. (A fun look at risk in every day life.)

"Risk Analysis and Management". By Morgan, M. Granger Scientific American, July 1993 p 32-41. (This is a good short overview of many of the issues in risk analysis.)

"Basics of Toxicology. By Chris Kent, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1998 p 401. (More detailed over view but still accessible).

Reference Books
Principles and Methods of Toxicology, (4th Edition), ed A. Wallace Hayes, 2001. Taylor & Francis, London, P. 1887. (An important book on the principles of toxicology with a emphasis on testing and safety assessment in toxicology.)

Casarett & Doull's Toxicology, The Basic Science of Poisons (6th Edition), ed Curtis D. Klaassen, 2001. McGraw-Hill, New York. P. 1236. (One of the classic toxicology textbooks that contains more than anyone wants to know about toxicology.)

Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (8th Edition), ed. Joel G. Hardman, Lee E. Limbird, Perry B. Molinoff, and Raymond W. Ruddon, 1996, McGraw Hill, New York, p 1905. (A detailed book on the pharmacological (i.e. beneficial) and toxicological (i.e. adverse) effects of drugs. Also considerable basic physiological information.)

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Neurotoxicity: Identifying and Controlling Poisons of the Nervous System, OTA-BA-436 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, April 1990.) (An excellent overview of toxicology with an obvious emphasis on chemical agents that affect the nervous system.)