Phorate

updated Jul 08, 2010 by Maria Mergel

[This article has been tagged for development.]

Phorate is a highly toxic organophosphate pesticide used to control control sucking and chewing insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, some nematodes, and rootworms in pine forests and on root and field crops, including corn, cotton, coffee, some ornamental and herbaceous plants, and bulbs (EXTOXNET).

Phorate is highly toxic to birds, fish, and bees (EXTOXNET). It is moderately persistent in the soil - a half-life of 2-173 days depending on the conditions. It binds relatively well to soil and is not neither highly mobile or highly soluble in water so it would reach water sources mainly through run-off and not leaching (EXTOXNET).

Regulation

Most of the uses for phorate have been canceled and it is labeled as "HIGHLY TOXIC - POISON" chemical and as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) which allows only certain applications for use (PAN and EXTOXNET). It is not listed as a UNEP Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) and is registered for use in around half of the world's countries including the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and India among others (PAN - Pesticide Registration Status).

External Links

References

Pesticide Action Network (PAN). "Pesticide Registration Status - Phorate". 2007. Accesed 9-25-07.

Pesticide Action Network. "PAN Pesticide Database - Phorate". 2007. Accessed 9-25-07.

Extension Toxicology Network. "Pesticide Information Profile - Phorate". June, 1996. Accessed 9-25-07.

World Health Organization's International Program on Chemical Safety. "Data Sheets on Pesticides no. 75 - Phorate". 1988. Accessed 9-25-07.

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_\[This article has been tagged for development.\]_

*Phorate* is a highly toxic [organophosphate pesticide|organophosphates] used to control control sucking and chewing insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, some nematodes, and rootworms in pine forests and on root and field crops, including corn, cotton, coffee, some ornamental and herbaceous plants, and bulbs ([#EXTOXNET]).

h1. Contents

# [#Chemical Description]
# [#Uses]
# [#Health Effects]
# [#Environmental Effects]
# [#Regulation]
# [#External Links]
# [#References]\\
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Topic editor:
[Sean Foley]
Lead author:
[Sean Foley]
Managing Group:
[Chemicals Group]
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{column:width=50%}{color:green}{*}Just the facts{*}{color}

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|| {color:red}{*}Physical Information{*}{color} ||
| Name: Phorate |
| Synonyms: himet; o,o-Diethyl s\-[(ethylthio) methyl] phosphorodithioate |
| Chemical Formula: C ~7~ H ~17~ O ~2~ PS ~3~ |
| Use: [insecticide|insecticides] |
| Source: synthetic chemistry |
| Recommended daily intake: none |
| Absorption: dermal, inhalation, ingestion |
| Toxicity/symptoms: highly toxic |
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{column:width=50%}{*}Chemical Structure*

---- !phorate.gif|thumbnail!
Structure retrieved from the [American Chemical Society|http://pubs.acs.org/journals/jafcau/46/i03/figures/jf970675uf00002.html].
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h2. Chemical Description


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Phorate is a relatively stable clear to yellow liquid at room temperature ([#INCHEM]).
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{anchor: Health Effects}

h2. Health Effects


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_Main Article:_ _[Cholinesterase Inhibitor]_
Phorate's health effects are consistent with other [organophosphates] and [cholinesterase inhibitors|cholinesterase inhibitor].
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{anchor:environmental effects}

h2. Environmental Effects


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{section}
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!phorate dist.png|thumbnail!
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Phorate is highly toxic to birds, fish, and bees ([#EXTOXNET]). It is moderately persistent in the soil - a half-life of 2-173 days depending on the conditions. It binds relatively well to soil and is not neither highly mobile or highly soluble in water so it would reach water sources mainly through run-off and not leaching ([#EXTOXNET]).
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{column}
{section}
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{anchor:Regulation}

h2. Regulation


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Most of the uses for phorate have been canceled and it is labeled as "HIGHLY TOXIC - POISON" chemical and as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) which allows only certain applications for use ([#PAN] and [#EXTOXNET]). It is not listed as a UNEP Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) and is registered for use in around half of the world's countries including the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, and India among others ([#PAN - Pesticide Registration Status]).
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{anchor:external links}

h2. External Links


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* [Phorate on ABCBirds.org|http://www.abcbirds.org/pesticides/Profiles/phorate.htm]
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* [Occupational Safety and Health Administration on Phorate|http://www.osha.gov/dts/chemicalsampling/data/CH_262000.html]
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{anchor: References}

h2. References


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{anchor:PAN Pesticide registration status}
Pesticide Action Network (PAN). ["Pesticide Registration Status - Phorate"|http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_ChemReg.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33402]. 2007. Accesed 9-25-07.
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{anchor:PAN}
Pesticide Action Network. ["PAN Pesticide Database - Phorate"|http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33402]. 2007. Accessed 9-25-07.
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{anchor:EXTOXNET}
Extension Toxicology Network. ["Pesticide Information Profile - Phorate"|http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/phorate.htm]. June, 1996. Accessed 9-25-07.
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{anchor:INCHEM}
World Health Organization's International Program on Chemical Safety. ["Data Sheets on Pesticides no. 75 - Phorate"|http://www.inchem.org/documents/pds/pds/pest75_e.htm]. 1988. Accessed 9-25-07.
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Phorate

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