Nitrobenzene

updated Jun 22, 2011 by Maria Mergel

This article is tagged for development and cleanup.

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Just the facts

Physical Information
Name: Nitrobenzene
CAS No: 98-95-3
Trade Names: Caswell No. 600
Use: industrial chemical intermediary

Overview

Nitrobenzene is an widely used industrial chemical used primarily to manufacture the chemical aniline (ATSDR ToxFAQs). It is a neurotoxicant and thought to be a likely Carcinogens.

Chemical Description

Specifics

Melting Point: 5.7 degrees C

Boiling Point: 210.8 degrees C

Color: Yellow

Odor: bitter almonds, show polish

Molecular Weight: 123.11

At room temperature, the chemical is a yellow viscous liquid

Uses

The vast majority (97.5%) of nitrobenzene in use is used in the captive production of Aniline which, in turn, is used in the production of polyuerethanes. It is also used as a solvent in [petroleum] refining, producing [acetate], as a perfume for soaps, a solvent in show dyes, and in the synthesis of Acetaminophen (ATSDR Toxicological Profile).

Health Effects

Nitrobenzene is a mild irritant of the skin and eyes if they come into contact with the chemical. Chronic exposure to nitrobenzene can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition which affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen. This condition can lead the skin to turn a bluish color and also lead to nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath (ATSDR ToxFAQs). Liver damage may also be a byproduct of breathing in large quantities of nitrobenzene.
Nitrobenzene is now thought to be a likely Carcinogens (US Department of HHS).

External Links and References

EPA Chemical Fact Sheet (PDF). February 1995.
ATSDR ToxFAQs
United States Department of Health and HUman Services. "FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for NITROBENZENE" (PDF). September 19, 2002.

(ATSDR Toxicological Profile)
ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Nitrobenzene

_This article is tagged for development and cleanup._
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Topic editor:
[Sean Foley]
Lead author:
[Sean Foley]
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|| {color:red}{*}Physical Information{*}{color} ||
| Name: Nitrobenzene |
| CAS No: 98-95-3 |
| Trade Names: Caswell No. 600 |
| Use: industrial chemical intermediary |
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{column:width=50%}{anchor:overview}

h1. Overview


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*Nitrobenzene* is an widely used industrial chemical used primarily to manufacture the chemical aniline ([#ATSDR ToxFAQs]). It is a neurotoxicant and thought to be a likely [Carcinogens].
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h1. Chemical Description


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|| *Specifics* ||
| Melting Point: 5.7 degrees C |
| Boiling Point: 210.8 degrees C |
| Color: Yellow |
| Odor: bitter almonds, show polish |
| Molecular Weight: 123.11 |
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{column:width=50%}
At room temperature, the chemical is a yellow viscous liquid
{column}
{section}{anchor:Uses}

h1. Uses


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The vast majority (97.5%) of nitrobenzene in use  is used in the captive production of [Aniline] which, in turn, is used in the production of polyuerethanes. It is also used as a [solvent|Solvents - Chemical Profiles and External Links] in [petroleum] refining, producing [acetate], as a perfume for soaps, a [solvent|Solvents - Chemical Profiles and External Links] in show dyes, and in the synthesis of [acetaminophen] ([#ATSDR Toxicological Profile]).
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{anchor: Health Effects}

h1. Health Effects


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Nitrobenzene is a mild irritant of the skin and eyes if they come into contact with the chemical. Chronic exposure to nitrobenzene can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition which affects the blood's ability to carry oxygen. This condition can lead the skin to turn a bluish color and also lead to nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath ([#ATSDR ToxFAQs]). Liver damage may also be a byproduct of breathing in large quantities of nitrobenzene.
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Nitrobenzene is now thought to be a likely [Carcinogens] ([#US Department of HHS]).
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{anchor:external links and references}

h1. External Links and References


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* [EPA Chemical Fact Sheet|http://www.epa.gov/chemfact/nitro-fs.pdf] (PDF). February 1995.
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* [ATSDR ToxFAQs|http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts140.html]
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{anchor: US Dept HHS}
* United States Department of Health and HUman Services. ["FINAL Report on Carcinogens Background Document for NITROBENZENE"|http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/newhomeroc/roc11/NBPub.pdf] (PDF). September 19, 2002.
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([#ATSDR Toxicological Profile])
* [ATSDR Toxicological Profile for Nitrobenzene|http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp140.html]
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Nitrobenzene

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