NOKOMIS 3-F4

updated Aug 22, 2011 by Nick Thorp

This oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness at dispersing two types of oil

Return to the Oil Dispersant Homepage

Return to the List of Chemicals

Download the Nokomis 3-F4 application documents submitted to the EPA

Toxicity Research

Chemical	Potential Human Health Impacts	Potential Marine Environment Impacts
Ethanol, 2- amino - CAS#- 141-43-5	• Exposure is associated with asthma (haz-map) • Should be treated as a potential reproductive toxin. More research needs to be done. (NJ Fsheet) • Repeated exposure may damage the liver and kidneys. (NJ Fsheet) • Exposure to high concentrations may affect CNS. (NJ Fsheet) • Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis (NJ Fsheet) • National Fire Protection Association Rating- 3 (HSDB) ○ 3= Materials that, on short exposure, could cause serious temporary or residual injury, including those requiring protection from all bodily contact. Fire fighters may enter the area only if they are protected from all contact with the material. Full protective clothing, including self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants, gloves, boots, and bands around legs, arms, and waist, should be provided. No skin surface should be exposed. • Skin exposure can cause contact dermatitits (allergy) (Haz-map) • Irritant to skin, eyes, CNS, and respiratory tract (Haz-map) • Corrosive, can cause severe eye and skin burns (NJ) • Concentration of 5.9% and higher are an irritant to skin (HSDB) • Animals exposed to vapor and mist experienced a variety of types of lesions (HSDB)	• Not expected to absorb to suspended solids or sediment (HSDB)
Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - hydro - .omega. - hydroxy - , mono - C8 - 10 - alkyl ethers, phosphates CAS#- 68130-47-2	...	...
Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl- CAS#-27176-87-0	• Exposure to chemical at levels toxic to adult females may damage the fetus (NJ Fsheet) • Will cause pain and second degree burns after a few minutes of contact (HSDB) • Repeated skin contact may cause dryness, itching, and rash (NJ Fsheet) • Effects from exposure through ingestion include irritation of mouth, esophagus, and stomach as well as diarrhea, intestinal distention, and occasional vomiting (NOAA) • Effects from exposure through inhalation include burning sensation, cough, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and sore throat (NIOSH) • Concentrations of 0.5-1.0% in water can cause significant irritation (NOAA) • Irritant to eyes and skin. (HSDB) ANIMAL STUDIES • In a study on snails, significant changes to their growth and reproduction were experienced (HSDB)	• Toxic to aquatic organisms (NIOSH) • Biodegradation decreases with lower water temperatures (HSDB)
Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis - CAS#-111-42-2	• Exposure associated with asthma (Haz-map) • Listed as a kidney toxin in occuational settings (Haz-map) • May cause skin burns at high concentrations (Haz-map) • May cause skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposure can cause itching and a skin rash (NJ Fsheet) • Slight irritation of skin and mucous membranes (HSDB) ○ Mild irritation only in concentrations above 5% ○ The higher the concentration the worse the injury • Repeated exposure may impair vision and denature skin • National Fire Protection Association Rating- 1 (HSDB) ○ Materials that, on exposure, would cause irritation, but only minor residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to health and only breathing protection is needed. ANIMAL STUDIES • In animal studies, oral exposure has shown testicular degeneration (EPA) • Chronic oral exposure in animal studies has shown impacts on liver, kidney, blood, central nervous system (EPA) • In studies exposing rats and mice to the chemical through their skin, the rats displayed no carcinogenic effects, while the mice did (EPA)	• Low biodegradability in seawater might promote potential long-term toxicity effects towards aquatic organisms. (Libralato et al.) • Half-life ranges from a couple days to a few weeks • Listed as not acutely toxic to crustaceans, fish, and zooplankton (PANNA)
Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy - CAS#- 9016-45-9	• Suspected endocrine toxicant (EDF) ANIMAL STUDIES • Eye irritant in rabbits (p. 4) (EPA HS) • Mild dermal irritation in rabbit; no dermal corrosivity (EPA HS)	• Expected to absorb to suspended solids or sediment (HSDB) • Listed as moderately toxic to fish and zooplankton (PANNA) • Listed as slightly toxic to molluscs and crustaceans (PANNA)
1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts CAS#- 61789-40-0	• Listed as a suspected immunotixcant and skin or sense organ toxicant (EDF) ANIMAL STUDIES • In a study, rats fed an undiluted dose of the chemical experienced salivation, diarrhea, and decreased activity. Effects are greater as dose increases. (EPA) ○ All females died while all males eventually recovered. (EPA) ○ LD50 for male rats is greater than 1.8 g/kg of body weight (EPA)	ANIMAL STUDIES • In tests, LC50 for zebrafish over 96 hours exposure was 6.7mg/L (EPA) • In a study on the effects to freshwater fish, all fish died during the fist 24 hours of exposure to 8mg/L water. Before death they showed a decrease in mobility and breathing difficulties (EPA) • In tests, EC50 for water fleas over a 24 hour exposure was 3.7 mg/L (EPA)

Toxicity Studies

Test Substance	96 hr. LC50 M. beryllina (estuary fish)	48 hour LC50 M. bahia (shrimp)
NOKOMIS 3-F4	29.80 ppm	32.20 ppm
No. 2 Fuel Oil	100 ppm	72.7 ppm
NOKOMIS 3-F4 and No. 2 Fuel Oil	100 ppm	58.4 ppm

LC50= Lethal concentration of a chemical or mixture that kills 50% of a sample population
ppm= Parts per million

Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil

Type of Oil	Efficacy
Prudhoe Bay Crude	62.20%
S. Louisiana Crude	64.90%

References

Toxicity Research

1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts

EDF- http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=61789-40-0
EPA- http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/quicksearch.display?pChem=101165

Toxicity Studies and Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil

NOKOMIA 3-F4 Product Schedule

*This oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment.  Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness at dispersing two types of oil*

[Return to the Oil Dispersant Homepage|Oil Dispersant]

[Return to the List of Chemicals|Potential Effects of Oil Dispersant Chemicals on Human Health and the Aquatic Environment]

[Download the Nokomis 3-F4 application documents submitted to the EPA|^Nokomis 3-F4 Application.pdf]

h3. Toxicity Research

|| Chemical \\ || Potential Human Health Impacts \\ || Potential Marine Environment Impacts \\ ||
| [Ethanol, 2- amino -]\\
\\
*CAS#\- 141-43-5* | {color:#009900}*• Exposure is associated with asthma (haz-map)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• Should be treated as a potential reproductive toxin.  More research needs to be done. (NJ Fsheet)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• Repeated exposure may damage the liver and kidneys. (NJ Fsheet)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• Exposure to high concentrations may affect CNS. (NJ Fsheet)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis (NJ Fsheet)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• National Fire Protection Association Rating\- 3 (HSDB)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*○    3= Materials that, on short exposure, could cause serious temporary  or   residual injury, including those requiring protection from all  bodily   contact. Fire fighters may enter the area only if they are  protected   from all contact with the material. Full protective  clothing, including   self-contained breathing apparatus, coat, pants,  gloves, boots, and   bands around legs, arms, and waist, should be  provided. No skin surface   should be exposed.*{color} \\
\\  \\  {color:#000000}• Skin exposure can cause contact dermatitits (allergy) (Haz-map){color} \\
• Irritant to skin, eyes, CNS, and respiratory tract (Haz-map) \\
• Corrosive, can cause severe eye and skin burns (NJ) \\
• Concentration of 5.9% and higher are an irritant to skin (HSDB) \\
• Animals exposed to vapor and mist experienced a variety of types of lesions (HSDB) | • Not expected to absorb to suspended solids or sediment (HSDB) |
| *Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - hydro - .omega. - hydroxy - , mono - C8 - 10 - alkyl ethers, phosphates* \\
*&nbsp;* \\
*CAS#\- 68130-47-2* | ... | ... |
| [Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-]\\
*&nbsp;* \\
*CAS#-27176-87-0* | {color:#009900}*• Exposure to chemical at levels toxic to adult females may damage the fetus (NJ Fsheet)*{color}&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\  {color:#009900}*• Will cause pain and second degree burns after a few minutes of contact (HSDB)*{color} \\  \\  \\
• Repeated skin contact may cause dryness, itching, and rash (NJ Fsheet)&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\
• Effects from exposure through ingestion include irritation of mouth,   esophagus, and stomach as well as diarrhea, intestinal distention, and   occasional vomiting (NOAA) \\
• Effects from exposure through inhalation include burning sensation,   cough, difficulty breathing, shortness of breath, and sore throat   (NIOSH) \\
• Concentrations of 0.5-1.0% in water can cause significant irritation (NOAA)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \\
• Irritant to eyes and skin.  (HSDB)&nbsp; \\  \\
*{+}ANIMAL STUDIES{+}* \\  {color:#009900}*• In a study on snails, significant changes to their growth and reproduction were experienced (HSDB)*{color} | {color:#3399ff}*• Toxic to aquatic organisms (NIOSH)*{color} \\
\\  \\
• Biodegradation decreases with lower water temperatures (HSDB) \\ |
| [Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis -] \\
\\
*CAS#-111-42-2* | {color:#009900}*• Exposure associated with asthma (Haz-map)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*•  Listed as a kidney toxin in occuational settings (Haz-map)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• May cause skin burns at high concentrations (Haz-map)*{color} \\  \\  {color:#000000}• May cause skin allergy. If allergy develops, very low future exposure can cause itching and a skin rash (NJ Fsheet){color} \\
• Slight irritation of skin and mucous membranes (HSDB) \\
○ Mild irritation only in concentrations above 5% \\
○ The higher the concentration the worse the injury \\
• Repeated exposure may impair vision and denature skin&nbsp; \\
• National Fire Protection Association Rating\- 1 (HSDB) \\
○ Materials that, on exposure, would cause irritation, but only minor   residual injury, including those requiring the use of an approved   air-purifying respirator. These materials are only slightly hazardous to   health and only breathing protection is needed. \\  \\
*{+}ANIMAL STUDIES{+}* \\  {color:#009900}*• In animal studies, oral exposure has shown testicular degeneration (EPA)*{color} \\  {color:#009900}*• Chronic oral exposure in animal studies has shown impacts on liver, kidney, blood, central nervous system (EPA)*{color}&nbsp;&nbsp; \\
\\  \\
• In studies exposing rats and mice to the chemical through their skin,    the rats displayed no carcinogenic effects, while the mice did (EPA) | {color:#3399ff}*•  Low biodegradability in seawater might   promote potential long-term  toxicity effects towards aquatic organisms.   (Libralato et al.)*{color} \\
\\  \\
• Half-life ranges from a couple days to a few weeks \\
• Listed as not acutely toxic to crustaceans, fish, and zooplankton (PANNA) |
| [Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -] \\
*&nbsp;* \\
*CAS#\- 9016-45-9* | {color:#009900}*• Suspected endocrine toxicant (EDF)*{color} \\  \\  \\
*{+}ANIMAL STUDIES{+}* \\
• Eye irritant in rabbits (p. 4) (EPA HS) \\
• Mild dermal irritation in rabbit; no dermal corrosivity (EPA HS) | {color:#3399ff}*• Expected to absorb to suspended solids  or sediment (HSDB)*{color} \\  {color:#3399ff}*• Listed as moderately toxic to fish and zooplankton (PANNA)*{color} \\  {color:#0099ff}*• Listed as slightly toxic to molluscs and crustaceans (PANNA)*{color} |
| [1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts]\\
*&nbsp;* \\
*CAS#\- 61789-40-0* | {color:#009900}*• Listed as a suspected immunotixcant and skin or sense organ toxicant (EDF)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*{color} \\  \\
\\
*{+}ANIMAL STUDIES{+}{*}*&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;* \\  {color:#000000}•   In a study, rats fed an undiluted dose of the chemical experienced   salivation, diarrhea, and decreased activity. Effects are greater as   dose increases. (EPA){color} \\  {color:#000000}○ All females died while all males eventually recovered. (EPA){color} \\  {color:#000000}○ LD50 for male rats is greater than 1.8 g/kg of body weight (EPA){color} | *{+}ANIMAL STUDIES{+}* \\
• In tests, LC50 for zebrafish over 96 hours exposure was 6.7mg/L (EPA) \\
• In a study on the effects to freshwater fish, all fish died during the   fist 24 hours of exposure to 8mg/L water. Before death they showed a   decrease in mobility and breathing difficulties (EPA) \\
• In tests, EC50 for water fleas over a 24 hour exposure was 3.7 mg/L (EPA) |
| | | |

h3. Toxicity Studies

|| Test Substance || 96 hr. LC50 M. beryllina (estuary fish) || 48 hour LC50 M. bahia (shrimp) ||
| NOKOMIS 3-F4 | 29.80 ppm | 32.20 ppm |
| No. 2 Fuel Oil | 100 ppm | 72.7 ppm |
| NOKOMIS 3-F4 and No. 2 Fuel Oil | 100 ppm | 58.4 ppm |
*LC50*= Lethal concentration of a chemical or mixture that kills 50% of a sample population
*ppm*= Parts per million
\\
\\

h3. Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil

|| Type of Oil || Efficacy ||
| Prudhoe Bay Crude | 62.20% |
| S. Louisiana Crude | 64.90% |
\\
\\

h3. References


----
h4. Toxicity Research


h5. Ethanol, 2- amino -
Haz-map- http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/hazmap_search?queryx=141-43-5&tbl=TblAgents
NJ Factsheet- http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0835.pdf
HSDB- http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~SE7e7e:1

h5. Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-
Haz-map- http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/hazmap_search?queryx=27176-87-0&tbl=TblAgents
HSDB- http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~UkVq3l:1
NOAA- http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/3336
NJ Factsheet- http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0822.pdf
NIOSH Safety Card- http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/ipcsneng/neng1470.html
EPA- http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/quicksearch.display?pChem=101439

h5. Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis -
Haz-Map- http://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/hazmap_search?queryx=111-42-2&tbl=TblAgents
Hazardous Substance Data Bank- http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/f?./temp/~nAh91b:1
EPA- http://www.epa.gov/ttn/uatw/hlthef/diethano.html
NJ Fact sheet- http://nj.gov/health/eoh/rtkweb/documents/fs/0686.pdf
PANNA- http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC33417
Libralato et al.- http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.offcampus.lib.washington.edu/pubmed/20022426

h5. Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -
Hazardous Substance Data Bank
EDF- http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=9016-45-9
PANNA- http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Detail_Chemical.jsp?Rec_Id=PC82

h5. 1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts
EDF- http://scorecard.goodguide.com/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=61789-40-0
EPA- http://iaspub.epa.gov/oppthpv/quicksearch.display?pChem=101165

h4. Toxicity Studies and Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil
[NOKOMIA 3-F4 Product Schedule|http://www.epa.gov/oem/content/ncp/products/nokomis.htm]

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NOKOMIS 3-F4

Toxicity Research

Toxicity Studies

Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil

References

Toxicity Research

Ethanol, 2- amino -

Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-

Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis -

Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -

1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts

Toxicity Studies and Effectiveness of Product at Dispersing Oil

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