Articles

updated Mar 11, 2007 by Administrator

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Space Index

0-9 ... 23 A ... 203 B ... 91 C ... 150 D ... 90 E ... 86
F ... 84 G ... 46 H ... 56 I ... 40 J ... 126 K ... 18
L ... 47 M ... 166 N ... 99 O ... 59 P ... 107 Q ... 6
R ... 62 S ... 141 T ... 115 U ... 19 V ... 16 W ... 37
X ... 3 Y ... 6 Z ... 2 !@#$ ... 0

0-9
Page: 1 - Propanaminium, 3 - amino - N - (carboxymethyl) - N,N - dimethyl -, N-coco acyl derivs., inner salts

Overview !61789400.gif! Uses Auto cleaning products Home cleaning products Soap Shampoo Body wash Hair coloring products Pet shampoo Toxicity Potential Human Health Effects Listed as a suspected immunotixcant and skin or sense organ toxicant ...
Page: 1,1,1-Trichloroethane

Overview 1,1,1Trichloroethane is an industrial solvent widely used to degrease machines, as a dye in the textile industry, and as an additive in aerosols (#EPA). It was set to be phased out with production ceasing in 2002 because it thins the ozone layer, but it is still used under certain ...
Page: 1,2- Propanediol

Overview !57556.png! Uses Soaps Personal care products Paint and stain products Automotive care products Indoor cleaning products Lubricants, caulks, adhesives Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Human Health Effects Listed as a suspected immunotoxicant, neurotoxicant ...
Page: 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

Overview !1,3,5trimethylbenzene.png! 1,3,5Trimethylbenzene, also know as mesitylene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon as well as a volatile organic compound (VOC). It is a clear liquid with a strong, peculiar odor. Used most often in solvents and thinners, 1,3,5 trimethylbenzene production exceeds 1 million ...
Page: 1,3-Dichloropropane

article is tagged for development and cleanup. Topic editor: Kaitlin Mallory Lead author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Physical Information Name: 1,3Dichloropropane Use: industrial solvent Source: Recommended daily intake: none Absorption: dermal ...
Page: 1-Dodecanamine, N,N - dimethyl - , N-oxide

Overview !1643205.png! Uses Home cleaning produts Soap Body wash Toxicity Potential Human Health Effects Very destructive of mucous membranes. (MSDS) Corrosive causes burns. (MSDS) Toxicology not fully investigated (MSDS) Harmful if inhaled and in contact ...
Page: 1800s

Please see the Modern Period http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Modern
Page: 1900-1939

Please see the Modern Period http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Modern
Page: 2 - Propanol, 1 -(2 - butoxy - 1 - methylethoxy) -

Overview !29911282PubChem.png thumbnail! Uses Disinfectant sprays Home cleaning sprays and liquids Acrylic latex paint Oil dispersants Hobby paint Adhesive dispereants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed it as a suspected neurotoxicant. (EDF) Prolonged exposure ...
Page: 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, sodium salt (1.1)

Overview !2492264.png! Uses Corrosion inhibitor (e.g. in antifreeze) Fungicide Preservative in paint and on wood Used in dying textiles Useful in electroplating metals Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Its parent chemical is listed as a possible carcinogen by US EPA ...
Page: 2,4,5-D

2,4,5D Review {}TXP1 \\ \\ Table of Contents #Pharmacology and Metabolism \\ #Uses and Benefits \\ #Health Effects \\ #Precautions \\ #Current Events \\ #Regulation \\ #History \\ #Advocacy and Opinion \\ #Teaching Resources \\ #References \\ \#European, Asian, and International Agencies\\ \#North American Agencies\\ \#NonGovernmental Agencies ...
Page: 2,4,5-T

Overview 2,4,5Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5T) is a chlorophenoxy acid herbicide http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Herbicides that is no longer registered for use in the United States. Ester forms of 2,4,5T and 2,4D http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/2%2C4D were used as defoliants in the Vietnam ...
Page: 2,4-D

Topic author: Toxipedia:Sean Foley Topic editor: Starin McKeen Overview !2.4D.structure.png thumbnail,align=right! 2,4D (2,4dichlorophenoxy) is a systemic phenoxy herbicide developed in the 1940s and still in use today. 2,4D was the first widely used herbicide used ...
Page: 2- Pyrrolidinone, 1-methyl-

Overview !872504.png! Uses Paint/varnish removal agent Herbicide Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a reproductive toxin. (Hazmap) Listed as a suspected blood, kidney, and neuro toxicant (EDF) Listed as a probable development toxicant. Damage to the fetus ...
Page: 2-Butoxyethanol

Overview !butoxyethanol.png! 2Butoxyethanol is an organic solvent. Its chemical formula is BuOC2H4OH. It is a clear, colorless liquid that smells like ether. \\ Uses 2butoxyethanol is used in a variety of products: Paints Solvents Oil dispersants Cosmetics Firefighting foam Drycleaning solutions ...
Page: 2-Ethoxyethyl Acetate

article is tagged for development. Overview 2Ethoxyethyl Acetate is a liquid at room temperature that is used as a solvent. It can be absorbed through inhalation, ingestion, and dermally and should be avoided (#Inchem). \\ \\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts ...
Page: 2-Furanmethanol, tetrahydro-

Overview !97994.png! Uses Organic and coupling solvent Plasticizer Paint and varnish Oil Dispersant Toxicity Potential Human Health Effects Severe eye irritant (HSDB) People with existing skin disorders may be more susceptible to the effects (HSDB) Chronic ...
Page: 2-Naphthylamine

Lead author: Martin Krug Overview 2Naphthylamine is an aromatic amine. It is used to make azo dyes. It is a known human carcinogen and has largely been replaced by less toxic compounds. 2Naphthylamine is prepared by heating 2naphthol with ammonium zinc chloride ...
Page: 2-Nitropropane

Overview 2Nitropropane, also known as 2NP, is a high volume chemical that the general population is not exposed to frequently, but does affect people working with the chemical Chemicals List. Occupational exposure occurs to about 4,000 workers a year and is from cigarette smoke (1.1 ...
Page: 2-Propanol, 1-(2-butoxy-1-methylethoxy)

Overview 2Propanol, more commonly known as isopropyl alcohol is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor \\ Uses 2Propanol, 1(2butoxy1methylethoxy) is found in the following products: Disinfectant sprays Home cleaning sprays and liquids Acrylic latex paint Oil ...
Page: 2009-2010 US Policy Initiatives on Atrazine

2009 EPA announced its intention to reevaluate the human health effects of atrazine, specifically citing new research showing a potential association with birth defects, low birth weight, and premature births, and an intent to review evidence of carcinogenicity. This effort ...
Page: 9- Octadecenoic acid (9Z) -, monoester with 1,2 - propanediol

Overview !1330809.png! Uses Glossy enamel paint Oil Dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Not expected to be potentially toxic or harmful Potential Effects on Marine Environment Suspected to be an environmental toxin References http://www.cosmeticsdatabase.com/ingredient.php?ingred06 ...
Page: 9- Octadecenoic acid (9Z)-

Overview !112801.png! Uses Soaps and detergents Cream and lotions Butter, cheese, banana and meet flavors Hair dyeing/tinting ingredient Insecticde, fungicide, and weed control Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Skin and eye irritant (Hazmap) Moderate ...

A
Page: A Civil Action

Topic editor:Sean Foley Lead author:Sean Foley Overview A Civil Action is Johnathon Harr work that was made into a 1998 film of the same title starring John Travolta and Robert Duvall. Both are based on reallife events that took place ...
Page: A Small and Large Dose of Toxicology

Course Description and Material !SmDs cover high.sm.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Do you want to learn more about the principles of toxicology and the health effects of chemical exposures? You will benefit from "A Small Dose of Toxicology," a basic course based ...
Page: A Small Dose of Alcohol

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert Introduction !LüttgeLageHand.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Viewed through the lens of toxicology, alcoholic beverages provide a fascinating window into our relationship with a substance that many of us ...
Page: A Small Dose of Arsenic

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Nativearsenic.jpg thumbnail,align=right! People long ago recognized that depending on the dose, arsenic could either treat an illness or be used as a poison ...
Page: A Small Dose of Solvents

Author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert\\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams !organsolv2.jpg align=right! Solvents: Quick Facts Use: varied recreational (alcohol) to industrial (gasoline, degreasers) \\ Source: synthetic chemistry, petroleum products; plant oils Recommended ...
Page: A Small Dose of...

SmDs cover high.jpg thumbnail! A Small Dose of Toxicology By Steven G. Gilbert A Small Dose of Toxicology The Health Effects of Common Chemicals (2004) (CRC Press). More information, including PowerPoint slides for each chapter, is available at www.asmalldoseof.org http ...
Page: A-J

Glossary of Toxicology Terms #A \ #B \ #C \ #D \ #E \ #F \ #G \ #H \ #I \ #J \ \\ KZ\\ Key AN: antonym RT: related term SN: synonym A abatement: Reducing the degree or intensity of, or eliminating, pollution. (#CEHN) \\ \\ abiological: See ...
Page: Abraham Jacobi

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !AbrahamJacobi.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Abraham Jacobi (May 6, 1830 July 10, 1919) is considered the father of pediatrics. He opened the first children's ...
Page: Absinthe

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Absintheglass.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Absintheposter.2.12.15.08.pdf thumbnail, align=right! Absinthe is traditionally a distilled, highly alcoholic (45%75%) beverage. It is an aniseflavored spirit ...
Page: Academy of Toxicological Sciences (ATS)

Overview The Academy of Toxicological Sciences (ATS) was established in 1981. Its purpose is to certify toxicologists who are recognized by their peers for their expertise and sound scientific judgment. The Academy awards the title of Fellow to experts who meet the requirements of the ATS
Page: Acetaminophen

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Jeffery Moffit Pharmacology and Metabolism Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Nacetylpaminophenol, 4hydroxyacetanilide) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic. Adverse effects from acetaminophen (APAP) are rare at therapeutic doses of 5001000 mg three to four ...
Page: Acetone

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2propanone, propan2one and βketopropane) is a common industrial solvent and the simplest representative of the ketone group ...
Page: Acetylcholine

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Acetylcholine Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts ...
Page: Acridine

Overview Acridine, C 13 H 9 N, is an organic compound and a nitrogen heterocycle. Acridine is also used to describe compounds containing the C13N tricycle. Acridine is structurally related to anthracene with one of the central CH groups is replaced by nitrogen ...
Page: Acrylic Acid

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Nick Thorp Introduction !Acrylicacid2Dskeletal.png align=right! Acrylic acid (CAS number 79107) is an organic compound with the formula CH2CHCO2H. It is the simplest unsaturated carboxylic acid, consisting of a vinyl group ...
Page: Add a new page

quick and easy to add a new chemcial, drug, or topic to {}toxipedia{} .. Pages are created by puting the name in square brackets. To add a new chemical go to the chemical list Chemicals List page and add a new chemical by merely typing in the chemical name ...
Page: Admin

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Page: Advanced Features

Advanced Features Review {}TXP1 Viewing page history Adding comments to a page Searching Saving pages to a PDF document Printing pages
Page: Advisory Board

Overview The Advisory Board is made up of leading scientists from academia and the public sector, from undergraduate and graduate toxicology professors, and from the technological sector as well. Together, the group advises Toxipedia and staff on strategies best suited to move the site ...
Page: Advocacy Organizations

Section Author: Maria M. Williams This section of Toxipedia provides information on nonprofit organizations around the world advocating for policies that eliminate toxic pollution. The World Library of Toxicology http://www.wltox.org, hosted by Toxipedia, offers countryspecific links to environmental health ...
Page: Advocacy Organizations - Africa

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Page: Advocacy Organizations - Asia, Middle East, and Oceania

ASIA AND MIDDLE EAST {}CHINA{} Clear the Air http://www.cleartheair.org.hk: "Clear the Air (CTA) is committed to the introduction and implementation of measures to significantly reduce air pollution in Hong Kong, through advocacy and education." \\ <iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder ...
Page: Advocacy Organizations - Central and South America and the Carribean

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Page: Advocacy Organizations - Europe

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Page: Advocacy Organizations - North America

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Page: Advocate the Value of Toxicology

Issue There is a need to provide integrated and targeted messages to defined audiences on the value of Toxicology as a science. The goal is to increase the reliance of all audiences on sound toxicological sciences. SOT has conducted numerous programs aimed at advocacy to legislators, policy makers, regulators ...
Page: Africa

Cobras Nonspitting cobras Egyptian cobra (Naja haje) Egyptian cobra Snouted cobra (Naja annulifera) Snouted cobra Forest cobra (Naja melanoleuca) Forest cobra Cape cobra (Naja Nivea) Cape cobra Spitting cobras Mozambique ...
Page: African coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Aspidelaps scutatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: African puff adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis arietans Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants, haemorrhagins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins), Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Agent Orange

Agent Orange was the nickname given to a herbicide herbicides and defoliant used by the US Military in the Vietnam War. It was one of the rainbow herbicides (the others being Agents Purple Agent Purple, Pink Agent Pink, and Green Agent Green) the military employed in its ...
Page: Agent Orange poster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Irons Dick SOT Agent Orange 2012.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The United States conducted a tactical herbicide program during the Vietnam War to remove ...
Page: Agricola

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !GeorgAgricola.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Georg Agricola was a German scholar of the sixteenth century who was later dubbed the "father of mineralogy." Agricola studied physics, philology ...
Page: Air Fresheners

page is from the P2RIC's SustainUpdates http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/P2RIC%27sSustainUpdates section from the University of NebraskaOmaha Author: Chad Wetzel http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ChadWetzel Overview  Air Fresheners are a common commercial product used to create ...
Page: Ajka alumina plant accident

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Hungaryajkatoxicspilloctober92010dgDetail.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Ajka alumina sludge spill was an industrial accident at a caustic waste reservoir chain of the Ajkai Timföldgyár alumina plant ...
Page: Albert Hofmann

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !hofmannalbert.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Albert Hofmann (b. January 11, 1906 d. April 29, 2008) was a prominent Swiss scientist at the Sandoz Laboratories ...
Page: Albertus Magnus

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !AlbertusMagnus.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Albertus Magnus (1193/1206 November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who became ...
Page: alchemy

ALCHEMY Review {}TXP1{} !Douglas.TheAlchemist.jpg thumbnail! "The alchemist", by Sir William Fettes Douglas, 1853 Alchemy, at its best, was the serious investigation into the secrets of nature. Many alchemits employed and developed scientific methods in their investigations. Alchemy peaked in the 16th and 17th centuries ...
Page: Alcohol Case Studies

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder Despite alcohol's long history of use, its effects on the developing fetus were not recognized until the early 1970s. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Disorder http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/FetalAlcoholSpectrumDisorder%28FASD%29 (FASD ...
Page: Alcohol Information and References

European, Asian, and International Agencies • England Department of Health (DOH) Alcohol Misuse Information.Online: < http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprovement/Alcoholmisuse/index.htm> (accessed: 13 July 2008). The DOH provides extensive information on the health effects of alcohol • Nordic ...
Page: Alcohols, C12-16, ethoxylated

Uses Laundry Detergent Oil Dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Inhalation may be harmful (NOAA) Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract (NOAA) Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes (NOAA) Potential Effects on Marine Environment ...
Page: Alcohols, C9-11, ethoxylated

Uses Auto cleaning products Home cleaning products Hair products Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Severely irritating to eyes. Causes burning sensation, redness, swelling, and/or blurred vision (MSDS) May cause moderate irritation to the skin ...
Page: Aldicarb

Topic editor: Dan Becker http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/DanBecker Lead author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Overview Aldicarb is a multiuse pesticide that controls populations of agriculturallyharmful insects and nematodes. Belonging to the carbamate family of pesticides ...
Page: Aldo Leopold

Lead Author: Steven Gilbert !aldo.leopold.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !aldo.leopold.writing.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Overview Aldo Leopold (January 11, 1887 April 21, 1948) was an American bioethicist, ecologist, forester, and environmentalist. He wrote A Sand ...
Page: Aldrin

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Overview Aldrin is an insecticide insecticides that enters the insect's body (and in the environment) and quickly converts to dieldrin. It is harmful ...
Page: Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !ButlerovA.png thumbnail, align=left! !Butlerovmonument.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (September 15, 1828, Chistopol August 17, 1886) was a Russian chemist ...
Page: Aleksandra Buha

SDC10675.JPG thumbnail,align=left! Aleksandra Buha received her Master degree in Pharmacy from Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade in 2009. After graduation, she decided to continue her education at the same faculty and focus her career aspiration ...
Page: Alexander Litvinenko

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !A.Litvinenko.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (December 4, 1962 November 23, 2006) was a Russian exKGB colonel and exFSB lieutenantcolonel who ...
Page: Alexander the Great

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !AlexandertheGreat.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Alexander the Great (July 356 BC June 11, 323 BC) was the king of Macedon (336323 BC) and one of the most ...
Page: Alexandra Zissu

ALEXANDRA ZISSU writes about green living, food, and parenthood. She is the author of The Conscious Kitchen (2010), coauthor of The Complete Organic Pregnancy, and two books due out in 2011  \ one with a sustainable meat butcher, the other with the founder of Seventh ...
Page: Alfred Nobel

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !AlfredNobel.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Alfred Bernhard Nobel (b. October 21, 1833, Stockholm, Sweden d. December 10, 1896, Sanremo, Italy ...
Page: Algal Bloom

Contents # #Overview # #Red Tide # #External Links # #References \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview !algal bloom.jpg thumbnail! Structure Retrieved from Plant Management in Florida Waters http://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/guide/2algae.html. Algal ...
Page: Ali Hassan al-Majid

Ali Hassan alMajid, or "Chemical Ali", is a first cousin of former Iraqi Dictator Saddam Huessein. He was in charge of organizing and carrying out Chemical Weapons attacks on the ethnic Kurds of Northern Iraq. \\ \\ Contents # #Biography # #Table Showing Elevated Arsenic ...
Page: Alice Hamilton

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !hamilton.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Alice Hamilton, MD (February 27, 1869 September 22, 1970) was the founder of occupational medicine. The first female faculty ...
Page: Alice Mary Stewart

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Alice Mary Stewart.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Alice Mary Stewart (October 4, 1906 June 3, 2002) was a British physician and epidemiologist specialising ...
Page: alkaloid coniine

CONIINE Coniine or (S)2propylpiperidine, C{}8{}H{}17{}N, is a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock and the Yellow Pitcher Plant, and contributes to hemlock's fetid smell. It is a neurotoxin which disrupts the central nervous system. It is toxic to all classes of livestock ...
Page: Alkylphenol Ethoxylates

page is in development Overview The alkylphenol ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants in wide use as wetting agents, emulsifiers, and dispersants in paints and coating, residential and commercial cleaning products, in pesticide formulations, and in textile and paper processing. Of the alkylphenol ethoxylates used in commerce, nonylphenol ethoxylate ...
Page: Allen Human Brain Atlas

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Allen.Brain.logo.gif thumbnail,align=right! On May 24, 2010 The Allen Institute for Brain Science http://www.alleninstitute.org/index.html launched the Allen Human Brain Atlas ...
Page: Allison Camp

Chris.jpg thumbnail,align=center!\\ \\ Allison Camp is a University of Washington graduate with a Bachelor of Science in Neurobiology and a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology. She currently works at NOAA's Northwest Fisheries Science Center as a contractor in the Ecotoxicology Division. When not in the lab, Allison enjoys ...
Page: Alois Alzheimer

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Alzheimer.2.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Alois Alzheimer (June 14, 1864 December 19, 1915) was a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist who first defined Alzheimer's ...
Page: alpha decay

picture.gif thumbnail! text Contents # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text \\ \\ Topic editor: editor name Lead author: author name \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption ...
Page: Alpha Particles

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Alpha Particles are a highly ionizing form of particle radiation which have low penetration (a piece of paper can block them). They consist of two protons ...
Page: alpha recoil

Alpha recoil is defined as the process by which an atom (radon) recoils in the opposite direction from the path of particle ejection following the radioactive decay of its parent atom (#UMN). References University of Minnesota. Radon http://enhs.umn.edu/hazards/hazardssite ...
Page: Alzheimer's Disease

Overview Alzheimer's Disease, first defined on November 3, 1906 November 3 by Alois Alois Alzheimer, is a neurodegenerative disorder that impairs memory, cognition, and behavior
Page: Amanda Hitt

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Amanda Hitt Overview Ms. Hitt graduated cum laude from the University of Baltimore School of Law with a concentration in Government and Public Service. After law school, Ms. Hitt received ...
Page: Amanda Justice

Articles Flea Dip
Page: Amazonian coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Micrurus spixii Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Amazonian toad-headed pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ \\ Bothrocophias hyoprora Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: American Board of Toxicology (ABT)

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !abt.logo.gif thumbnail, align=left! The American Board of Toxicology (ABT) was founded in 1979 to establish a process for certification of Toxicologists which would evaluate and document competency ...
Page: American Chemical Society

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Background \\ Toxicological Perspective \\ External Links References
Page: American Lung Association

American Lung Association http://www.lungusa.org/ The mission of the American Lung Association® is to prevent lung disease and promote lung health. The American Lung Association® is the oldest voluntary health organization in the United States, with a National Office and constituent and affiliate associations around ...
Page: Amgen

Amgen Overview !Amgensvg.png thumbnail, align=left! Amgen Inc. (NASDAQ: AMGN, SEHK: 4332) is an international biotechnology company headquartered in Thousand Oaks, California. Located in the Conejo Valley, Amgen is the largest independent biotech firm. The company employs ...
Page: Amides, coco, N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)

Uses Auto cleaning products Pet shampoo Bubble bath liquid Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a likely carcinogen (HSDB) Listed as a suspected immunotoxicant (EDF) Listed as a skin sensitizer (Hazmap) Skin irritant (HSDB) Potential ...
Page: Amides, tall oil, fatty N,N-bis(hydroxyethyl)

Uses Auto cleaning products Silver polish Oil Dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health ANIMAL STUDIES In a study on mice, sensory and pulmonary irritation were observed at low concentrations (EPA) Potential Effects on Marine Environment References ...
Page: Amines, tallow alkyl, ethoxylated

Overview !61791262 ChemicalLand.gif! Uses Toilet bowl cleaner Hair coloring product Oil Dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Potential Effects on Marine Environment Moderate acute toxicity to fish (PANNA) References PANNA http://www.pesticideinfo.org ...
Page: Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP)

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) is one of the five most common health conditions caused by marine toxins. It is caused by domoic acid, a neurotoxin produced by diatoms in the genus Pseudonitzschia ...
Page: Amy Bates

Amy.Cedrick.12.27.07.JPG thumbnail! Amy Bates poet, author, singer, environmental activist Author of Head to Toe in Elegant Black (2007) CD of songs Tell the Sun (2007) Founder of Solutions for Humanity, Community, and the Environment http://solutionshce.org/ From Solutions for Humanity ...
Page: Angela Martinez Dy

dy.poster.jpg thumbnail! Currently in Seattle, WA. Identifies As: poet, writer, analyst, educator, mentor, spoken word artist, cultural activist filipina, chinese, spanish, mestiza amerikkkan bisexual, multiracial, morethanmeetstheeye former isangmahal member, Youth Speaks Seattle ...
Page: Aniline

Overview Aniline, phenylamine or aminobenzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H7N. It is the simplest and one of the most important aromatic amines, being used as a precursor to more complex chemicals. Its main application is in the manufacture of polyurethane. Like most volatile amines ...
Page: Animal & Plant Toxins

Animal Toxins Lizards Snakes Botulinum Toxin Carcinogens Coagulants Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins) Chat Haemorrhagins Myotoxins Nephrotoxins Neurotoxins tetrodotoxin Plant Toxins Cocaine Castor Bean Strychnine Opium Poorly Soluble Air Particles http://toxipedia.org/display ...
Page: Animal Toxins Overview

ANIMAL TOXIN DOSSIER Name: Animal Venoms and Poisons Use: medicinal uses Source: spiders, insects, snakes, lizards, fish, and frogs Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: varies but can be very fast, e.g. bites Sensitive ...
Page: Anna J. Harrison

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Anna J. Harrison, PhD, (December 23, 1912 August 8, 1998) was a leader in the field of chemistry and Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Mount Holyoke College ...
Page: Annulated turtle-headed seasnake

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Ansam Sawalha

Ansam Sawalha, PhD !Ansam.Sawalha.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Milestones.poster.arabic translationPage1.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Ansam Sawalha, Ph.D., translated The Milestones of Toxicology poster in November 2011. She is an Associate Professor of pharmacology and toxicology, Founding director, Poison ...
Page: Antarctica

Country Editor: Iain Grant \\ Senior Medical Officer \\ British Antarctic Survey Medical Unit, Plymouth, UK \\ Email: peter.marquis@phnt.swest.nhs.uk  Antarctic Environment, Pollution, Science Antarctica Regional Report (from UNEP Chemicals) http://www.chem.unep.ch/pts ...
Page: Anthony Mazzocchi

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !mazzocchi.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Anthony Mazzocchi or Toni Mazzocchi (June 13, 1926 October 5, 2002) was an American labor leader. He ...
Page: Anthracyclines

Topic author: toxipedia:Kathleen Duke \\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams\\ Overview !Daunorubicin.png thumbnail, align=right! The anthracyclines (figure of Daunorubicin, the prototypical anthracycline) are a class of antibiotic chemotherapeutic agents originally derived from a soil bacterium, Streptomyces. They are among ...
Page: Anthracyclines - History

Anthracyclines are the product of efforts in Europe and the U.S. to explore the natural world for potential anticancer drugs. The concept was the unlikely offspring of military efforts, during World Wars I and II, to develop more effective chemical warfare agents, as well as antidotes against ...
Page: Anthracyclines - Mechanism of Action

Anthracyclines attack cancer http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Cancer cells by multiple mechanisms, inhibiting replication and damaging cells in ways that promote cell death. They work primarily by DNA intercalation\1\. In order for a cell to divide, the DNA in the cell's nucleus ...
Page: Anthracyclines - References

General and History Altman, Lawrence K., "Dr. Louis S. Goodman, 94, Chemotherapy Pioneer, Dies", New York Times, November 28, 2000 (sec. A, p. 27). Brouwer, C.A.J., Gietema, J.A., van den Berg, M.P., BinkBoelkens ...
Page: Anthracyclines - Side Effects and Late Effects

Cardiotoxicity The anthracyclines, particularly doxorubicin (generic name Adriamycin), are known to cause heart failure in a subset of patients in a dosedependent manner. In other words, the higher the cumulative dose, the larger number of patients who experience this effect. Anthracyclineinduced cardiotoxicity appears ...
Page: Anthracyclines - The Future of Anthracyclines

over twenty years, anthracyclines have been a mainstay in the treatment of breast cancer http://toxipedia.org/dosearchsite.action?queryString=cancer&queryString=cancer&where=toxipedia&type=&lastModified=&contributor=&contributorUsername=, one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and the number one cause ...
Page: Anthracyclines - Varieties and Derivatives

large and growing family of anthracyclines now includes over 2,000 known analogs. There are several anthracycline anticancer drugs, and many of the newer, synthetic versions were developed in the hopes of diminishing the cardiotoxicity while maintaining effectiveness. The following are mostly commonly used ...
Page: Antidepressants in Our Water

Richard A. Warner A new study suggests that trace amounts of the antidepressant Prozac (fluoxetine) are endangering freshwater mussels. Around 70 percent of freshwater mussel species native to North America, which play a key role in the ecology of streams and rivers and are an ...
Page: Antiquity

Period Overview The Antiquity Period, often referred to as Ancient History, covers the period form the founding of modern civilization in Mesopotamia, around 3500 BCE, to the start of the Middle Ages. Among the key events during this period is the fall of Ancient Rome in the 5th ...
Page: Antoine Lavoisier

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Antoinelavoisier.jpg thumbnail, align=left! AntoineLaurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 May 8, 1794), the "father of modern chemistry", was a French nobleman prominent ...
Page: Antoinette (Toni) Hayes

Background !Toni.jpg align=left,thumbnail! Antoinette (Toni) Hayes received a MS in toxicology from Northeastern University. Toni Hayes is a Research Scientist II (Exploratory Toxicologist) at Wyeth Biotech in Andover, MA. She has passionate interest in the history ...
Page: April 1

1826 Theodore George Wormley theodore wormley was born in Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania, USA. Wormley was a medical doctor at the University of Pennsylvania who wrote The Micro Chemistry of Poisons, the first American book dedicated to poisons. 1970 President Richard Nixon signed ...
Page: April 10

1755 Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann Christian Hahnemann was born in Meißen, Saxony. Hahnemann was a German physician who founded homeopathic medicine and introduced the practice of quarantine. 2002 Rouge River oil spill today reported to EPA including the largest ...
Page: April 11

2006 Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad announced that Iran successfully enriched uranium toxipedia:Uranium. previous day April 10 \ next day April 12
Page: April 12

2004 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration toxipedia:Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced a ban on the sale of dietary supplement ephedra. 1955 The polio vaccine, developed by Dr. Jonas Salk, was declared safe and effective. previous day April 11 ...
Page: April 13

1519 Catherine de Medici, wife of King of France Henry II, was born. After the death of her husband, she became a power in world politics through her liberal use of poisons. previous day April 12 \ next day ...
Page: April 14

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Page: April 15

1452 The great Renaissance thinker, chemist, artist, architect, and inventor Leonardo da Vinci was born. 1730 Felice Fontana, an Italian physicist who discovered the water gas shift reaction in 1780, was born. He is also credited with launching ...
Page: April 16

1947 The Texas City Disaster is generally considered the worst industrial accident in American history. The fire detonated approximately 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate and the resulting chain reaction of fires and explosions killed at least 581 people. 1943 LSD was first ...
Page: April 17

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Page: April 18

1991 Sir Austin Bradford Hill, an English epidemiologist who pioneered the randomized clinical trial, died on this day. previous day April 17 \ next day April 19
Page: April 19

1912 Glenn Theodore Seaborg Glenn T. Seaborg (April 19, 1912 February 25, 1999), who won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements," including plutonium, was born on this day. previous day April 18 ...
Page: April 2

1840 Emile François Zola Emile Zola born today was an influential French writer, His book Germinal (1885), about conditions in a coal mine leading to a strike, was denounced by the rightwing. previous day April 1 \ next day ...
Page: April 20

1902 Marie Curie refined radium chloride. 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill is a massive ongoing oil spill stemming from a sea floor oil gusher in the Gulf of Mexico that started with an oil well blowout. previous day ...
Page: April 2010 Newsletter

Happy Earth Day from all of us here at Toxipedia. We hope that today you have a chance to celebrate our planet whether it be spending lunch outside or choosing organic products at the grocery store tonight. We are excited to announce ...
Page: April 21

1915 Garrett Hardin, an influential ecologist most famous for his 1968 paper The Tragedy of the Commons The Tragedy of the Commons, was born on this day. 1948 American bioethicist Aldo Leopold died on this day. previous day April 20 \ next day ...
Page: April 22

1904 J. Robert Oppenheimer Robert Oppenheimer, an American theoretical physicist, was born on this day. Oppenheimer is best known for his role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons. 1915 The use ...
Page: April 23

1564 William Shakespeare, some say born today, who made early reference to poisoning in the 16th century. previous day April 22 \ next day April 24
Page: April 24

1787 Mathieu Orfila Mathieu J. B. Orfila, the founder of modern toxicology, was born April 24th, in Minorca, Spain and died March 12, 1853 in Paris, France. 1990 Gruinard Island, Scotland, was officially declared free of anthrax after ...
Page: April 25

1981 More than 100 workers were exposed to radiation ionizing radiation during repairs of a nuclear power plant in Tsuruga, Japan. previous day April 24 \ next day April 26
Page: April 26

1564 William Shakespeare, who made early reference to poisoning in the 16th century, was baptized on this day. 1986 The Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Chernobyl Accident in Pripyat, Ukraine suffered a major explosion in one of the nuclear reactors that resulted in a nuclear meltdown ...
Page: April 27

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Page: April 28

1932 A human vaccine for yellow fever was announced. previous day April 27 \ next day April 29
Page: April 29

1997 The Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993, which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of Chemical Weapons among its signatories, went into effect. previous day April 28 \ next day April 30
Page: April 3

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Page: April 30

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Page: April 4

1932 Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald died today. He received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1909 for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibrium, and reaction velocities. 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee ...
Page: April 5

2005 ABC News anchor Peter Jennings informed his viewers that he has lung cancer. This was his final broadcast. 1967 Hermann Joseph Muller died today, was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate (1946) known ...
Page: April 6

1869 Celluloid, generally regarded as being the first thermoplastic, was patented. 1928 James D. Watson, American geneticist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on DNA, was born. 1938 Teflon was discovered by Roy J. Plunkett. previous ...
Page: April 7

1906 Mount Vesuvius Mount Vesuvius erupted and devastated Naples, Italy. 1933 U.S. Prohibition was repealed for beer containing no more than 3.2% alcohol by weight (or 4% by volume); this occurred eight months before the ratification of the Eleventh Amendment to the US ...
Page: April 8

1985 Bhopal disaster: India files suit against Union Carbide for the disaster at a pesticide plant that killed an estimated 2,000 and injured another 200,000. previous day April 7 \ next day April 9
Page: April 9

what happened to day?. previous day April 8 \ next day April 10
Page: April Update and Earth Day Celebration

15.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Toxipedia, IPMopedia http://toxipedia.org/display/ipmopedia/IPMEducationProject , and the upcoming World Library of Toxicology wanted to wish all of you a happy Earth Day and thank you for supporting our endeavors.Since Senator Gaylord Nelson ...
Page: Aquatic coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Micrurus surinamensis Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Aquatic Farming

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Aquatic Farming is a growing industry Geoduck Farming Overview Locations in NW Use of PVC Regulation News Stories Dioxin (12/14/10) Oakland Bay passes ...
Page: Arabian and Ein Geddi burrowing asps (Atractaspis microlepidota ssp.)

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Atractaspis microlepidota Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Sarafotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Sinai Egypt ...
Page: Arabian cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja haje arabica Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Arabian horned viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Cerastes gasperettii Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Arabic Milestones

Arabic Translation of Milestones of Toxicology !Milestones.poster.arabic translation.03.10.12.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Milestones of Toxicology poster was translated by Ansam Sawalha, Ph.D., Associate prof/ pharmacology and toxicology, Founding director, Poison Control Center, AnNajah National University http://www.najah.edu ...
Page: Arafura mangrove seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Parahydrophis mertoni Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable myotoxins, neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Are You Looking for the Ideal Biopesticide?

you looking for the ideal biopesticide? Would you be interested in obtaining the ideal biopesticide that can safely and effectively control even resistant insects, arachnids, mold, mildew, fungi, and viruses without harming beneficial organisms? If so, please check ...
Page: Argentinian black-headed snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Phalotris lemniscatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Brazil ...
Page: Armenian rock viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera raddei Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Arnold J. Lehman

Overview Arnold Lehman collaborated with other scientists in his field to produce the first large compilation of toxicology "Procedures for the Appraisal of the Toxicity of Chemicals in Foods". Lehman also was a cofounder of the Society of Toxicology Society of Toxicology and its journal Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ...
Page: Arsenic

Also see our longer, updated article on arsenic toxipedia:A Small Dose of Arsenic, adapted from A Small Dose of Toxicology toxipedia:A Small Dose of... by Dr. Steven Gilbert. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley ...
Page: Arsenic - Additional Resources

European, Asian, and International Agencies World Health Organization (WHO). Online: < http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs210/en/index.html> (accessed: 9 April 2009). WHO arsenic in drinking water fact sheet. World Health Organization (WHO). Arsenic in Drinking ...
Page: Arsenic - Recommendation and Conclusion

Arsenic is an ancient and wellknown hazard and, along with lead http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Lead and mercury http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Mercury, is a significant environmental contaminant. The inorganic form is far more toxic than organic arsenic, which ...
Page: Arsenic - References

Environmentally healthy homes and communities. Children's special vulnerabilities." (2001). Am Nurse, 33(6), 2638; quiz 3940. Hall, A. H. (2002). "Chronic arsenic poisoning." Toxicol Lett, 128(13), 6972. Jiang, J. Q. (2001 ...
Page: Arsenic Act of 1851

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview With poisoning becoming a popular means of murder, this act was passed to prevent the unintentional consumption of arsenic Toxipedia:Arsenic, A Small Dose of by requiring producers to color their arsenic ...
Page: Arsenic Case Studies

Arsenic in Drinking Water Arsenic in drinking water is a worldwide problem affecting the lives of millions of people. High levels of arsenic in local soil or rock contaminate the local water supply. In the United States, the federal government has struggled for many years ...
Page: Arsenic Poisoning

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Background and History Arsenic A Small Dose of Arsenic has a long and diverse history of use. It is most famous for its use as a poison from Roman times to the midnineteenth century. Its ...
Page: Arsenic Poisoning in Bangladesh

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !Bangladeshi.arsenic.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview Millions of tubewells were dug beginning in the 1960s and 1970s financed by UNICEF and the World Bank in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India in an effort ...
Page: Arsenic, Introduction and History

Arsenic is a versatile metal http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Metals, forming various compounds, either inorganic or organic. Inorganic arsenic is widely distributed in nature, usually in the trivalent form (As3) but also as pentavalent arsenic (As5). Most rocks contain ...
Page: Articles

Page: Articles by Steven Gilbert

B #B C #C D #D E #E F #F G #G H #H I #I J #J K #K L #L M #M N #N O #O P #P ...
Page: Artificial Reefs, Sunken Ships, and Military Toxins

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Lester Jacobson Overview There are a variety of toxic materials used by the US military that pose a threat to the health of humans and the environment. Many explosives are very toxic and some pose a cancer risk. The disposal ...
Page: Asbestos

Authors \\ Steven G. Gilbert \\ Sean Foley Overview !Asbestos2USGOV.jpg align=left! Asbestos is the common name given to a group of six different naturally occurring fibrous minerals that can be separated into long fibers that can be spun and woven. The material is strong ...
Page: Asbestos Strike

Asbestos Strike Review {}TXP1{} \\ Contents 1. Toxicological Perspective #toxicological \\ 2. Biography #biography \\ 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ Toxicological perspective \\ Biography \\ Internal Links Asbestos \\ References ...
Page: Ascanio Sobrero

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !sobrero.gif thumbnail, align=left! Ascanio Sobrero (October 12, 1812 May 26, 1888) was an Italian chemist who in 1847 discovered nitroglycerin ...
Page: Ashwin Gupta

Articles BisphenolA
Page: Asish Mohapatra

Mr. Asish Mohapatra is a toxicologist and a health risk assessment specialist with twelve years professional work experience in environmental public health science, toxicology, health risk assessment and environmental management. He has post graduate and predoctoral degrees in Life ...
Page: Aspartame

formaldehyde, aspartame, and migraines, the first case series, Sharon E JacobSoo, Sarah A Stechschulte, UCSD, Dermatitis 2008 May: Rich Murray 2008.07.18 http://rmforall.blogspot.com/20080701archive.htm Friday, July 18, 2008 http://groups.yahoo.com/group/aspartameNM/message/1553 ...
Page: Aspirin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Aspirinskeletal.svg.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Aspirin or acetylsalicylic acid (acetosal) is a drug in the family of salicylates, often used as an analgesic (against minor pains and aches ...
Page: Atlas mountain viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera monticola Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable Procoagulants coagulants and haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Atrazine

Topic author: toxipedia:Kathleen Duke \\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams\\ Overview !800pxAtrazin.png thumbnail,align=right! Atrazine is the most widely used herbicide in the United States and in the world (excluding the European Union). Its breakdown product, deethylatrazine, is one ...
Page: Atrazine - Effects on Human Health

Atrazine has been studied continuously for decades, for both its agricultural benefits and its human health and environmental impacts. This body of research has been aggregated and analyzed by regulators and researchers over time, generating a host of metaanalyses that continue to influence ...
Page: Atrazine - Effects on Wildlife

student of environmental science would be hard pressed to find a more contentious topic than the environmental effects of atrazine. On the one hand, atrazine's manufacturer, Syngenta, can point to a body of research finding no significant correlations between lowlevel atrazine exposure ...
Page: Atrazine - History and Uses

Atrazine is a member of the chlorophenoxytriazine (or triazine) family of herbicides, arguably the most widely used class of agricultural chemicals to date. Development of the triazines began in the early 1950s by J.R. Giegy, Ltd., whose chemists and biologists in Switzerland and the United States launched an ...
Page: Atrazine - References

Ackerman, F. The Economics of Atrazine. Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health (2007). 13:441448. Alavanja MCR, Sandler DP, Lynch CF, Knott C, Lubin JH, Tarone R, Thomas K, Dosemeci M, Barker J ...
Page: Atrazine Regulation in Europe and the United States

1991, Italy and Germany banned the use of atrazine due to the discovery of persistently high concentrations in drinking water and public concern about its safety, based on animal studies. In 2004, motivated by atrazine's prevalence and relatively long halflife in surface water ...
Page: ATSDR

Overview The ATSDR is mandated by congress to perform certain actions relating to the public health concerns of hazardous substances in the environment. The agency is obligated to conduct public health assessments of waste sites, provide health consultations concerning specific hazardous substances, update ...
Page: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Topic editor: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert This page is under development. Thank you for your patience\! Overview Attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD or ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder. It is the most commonly ...
Page: August 1

1946 President Harry S. Truman signed the Atomic Energy Act (also known as the McMahon Act) on August 1, 1946, establishing the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology. previous ...
Page: August 10

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Page: August 11

1673 Richard Mead (August 11, 1673 February 16, 1754) was born. Mead was an English physician who wrote A Mechanical Account of Poisons in Several Essays, the first Englishlanguage book dedicated to poisonous animals and plants. previous day ...
Page: August 12

30 B.C.E. Cleopatra VII (Last Queen and Pharaoh of Egypt) allegedly committed suicide by allowing a snake to bite her on the arm. previous day August 11 next day August 13
Page: August 13

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Page: August 15

1151 St. Anthony's Fire ergot On this day in 1151 one in twenty of the 4000 inhabitants Pont Saint Esprit, a village in France, suffered hallucinations and other health effects from ergot poisoning. 1785 Thomas de Quincey Thomas de ...
Page: August 16

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Page: August 19

1994 Linus Carl Pauling, an American chemist, peace activist, author, and educator, died on this day. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists of the 20th century. previous day August 18 ...
Page: August 2

1937 The U.S. 1937 Marijuana Tax Act Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 made it a federal criminal offense to possess, produce, or dispense hemp. Nonmedical uses were prohibited in California (1915) and Texas (1919). previous day August 1 ...
Page: August 20

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Page: August 21

1986 Lake Nyos in Cameroon released a large amount of carbon dioxide (which it contained due to carbon dioxide leaking from a magma pocket below it) and suffocated 1800 people and livestock in surrounding villages. previous day August 20 next ...
Page: August 22

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Page: August 23

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Page: August 24

79 CE Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum and burying them in ash. Pliny the Elder suffocated from volcanic gases. 1922 Howard Zinn born today put history in context. Author of bestselling and influential A People's ...
Page: August 25

1908 Henri Becquerel, Nobel laureate and one of the discoverers of radioactivity, died on this day. previous day August 24 next day August 26
Page: August 26

1743 AntoineLaurent de Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier born today, the "father of modern chemistry", a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He found and termed both oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), helped construct the metric system. previous ...
Page: August 27

1911 Van Rensselaer Potter II (August 27, 1911 September 6, 2001), an American biochemist who first described "bioethics" in 1970, was born on this day. Bioethics toxipedia:Bioethics, Stem Cells, and Cloning is a new philosophy that seeks ...
Page: August 28

2008 An explosion at the Bayer CropScience plant Bayer CropScience Plant Explosion in Charleston, West Virginia killed two workers. 1963 Martin Luther King delivered his "I have a dream" speech in Washington, DC. previous day ...
Page: August 29

1949 The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb, known as First Lightning or Joe 1, at Semipalatinsk, Kazakhstan. previous day August 28 next day August 30
Page: August 3

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Page: August 31

1997 Britain's Princess Diana died in a car crash in Paris at age 36; her driver was thought to have been intoxicated with alcohol Ethyl Alcohol. previous day August 30 next day September 1
Page: August 4

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Page: August 5

2009 Eighteen cattle died from selenium poisoning near Lanes Creek Mine, an abandoned phosphate mine in Idaho. previous day August 4 next day August 6
Page: August 6

1945 The atomic bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima, Japan by the US Air Force plane the Enola Gay. An estimated 80,000 people were killed and 68% of the city's buildings were destroyed. previous day August 5 next ...
Page: August 7

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Page: August 9

1945 The plutonium bomb codenamed "Fat Man" was dropped on Nagasaki, Japan on August 9. previous day August 8 next day August 10
Page: Aulus Cornelius Celsus

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !celsus.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Aulus Cornelius Celsus (ca 25 BCca 50) was a Roman Encyclopedist and possibly a physician. His only surviving work De Medicina ...
Page: Aum Shinrikyo

References \\ Tucker, Johnathon B. War of Nerves: Chemical Warfare from World War I to AlQaeda. Pantheon Books, 2006
Page: Australasia

region includes New Caledonia, New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand and their surrounding archipelagos. Whipsnakes Lesser black whipsnake (Demansia vestigiata) Lesser black whipsnake Yellowfaced whipsnake (Demansia psammophis) Yellowfaced whipsnake Brownsnakes Eastern brownsnake (Pseudonaja ...
Page: Authors and Editors

We encourage all Toxipedia authors and editors to post a short bio page so that readers can learn a little more about you. If you have an account, you can create Create a Page your own page ...
Page: Azinphos-Methyl

article is tagged for development.\ Overview Azinphosmethyl, or AZM, is a general organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides used on nuts, vegetables, and fruits. It was first registered in 1959. It is now only used in cases where it is economically beneficial and where there are no viable alternatives. Around 2 ...

B
Page: B-52 Nuclear Weapons Crash

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !B52.jet.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Overview On January 21, 1968 a U.S. B52 military jet carrying nuclear weapons crashed near Thule Air Base ...
Page: Bacardi Rum

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !BacardiLogo.svg.jpg thumbnail, align=right! !BacardiBuilding.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview Facund Bacardí i Massó, a Catalan wine merchant, was born in Sitges, Catalonia, (Spain ...
Page: Baia Mare Cyanide Spill

Topic editor: Maria M. Williams Lead author: Aleksandra Buha Overview !romania.jpg align=right! On the night of January 30, 2000, a dam holding contaminated waters burst at a mining works in Bozinta Mare, Romania, and 100,000 cubic meters ...
Page: Banded krait

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bungarus fasciatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pre Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Banded water cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Boulengerina annulata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable Post synaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Bando Mitsugoro

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Bondo Mitsugoto.png thumbnail,align=right! Bando Mitsugoro VIII (October 19, 1906 January 16, 1975) was one of Japan's most revered Kabuki ...
Page: BANGALORE SCRAP TRADERS in KARNATAKA

Bangalore Scrap Traders When you Think of Scrap Dispose ? Think of us ! We Pay Highest & Good Rates in the Market. We are at your Doorstep For The instant Service. Are you Looking for Somebody who can Remove Old Furniture , Fittings ...
Page: Bardick

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Echiopsis curta Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Anticoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Southern ...
Page: Barium Compounds

BARIUM COMPOUNDS Review {}TXP1 \\ Table of Contents #Chemical Description \\ #Pharmacology and Metabolism \\ #Uses and Benefits \\ #Health Effects \\ #Precautions \\ #Current Events \\ #Regulation \\ #History \\ #Advocacy and Opinion \\ #Teaching Resources \\ #References \\ \#European, Asian, and International Agencies\\ \#North American ...
Page: Basel Convention

page is under development. Introduction The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal was adopted in Basel, Switzerland on 22 March 1989. The Convention was initiated in response to numerous international scandals regarding hazardous waste trafficking that began to occur ...
Page: Bayer

picture.gif thumbnail! text Contents # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text \\ \\ Topic editor: editor name Lead author: author name \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption ...
Page: Bayer CropScience Plant Explosion

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !Bayer.explosion.1.jpg align=right! Overview On August 28, 2008 an explosion at the Bayer CropScience plant in Charleston, West Virginia killed two workers. A 5,000\ pound ...
Page: Beaked seasnake

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: BEAR I Report

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The mission of the Committees on The Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation (BEAR) was to provide a thorough review of all that was known at the time about the effects of atomic radiation on living organisms ...
Page: Behavioral Assessment and Research System

Overview The Behavioral Assessment and Research System (BARS) is a computerized testing program that characterizes neurobehavioral function in populations. The program and user interface have been optimized for use with nonmainstream populations, such as those with limited education or literacy (Rohlman et al 2003 ...
Page: Belarus

Editor: Sean Foley Country Editor: Republican Scientific Practical Center of Hygiene (Ministry of Health) Attn: Irina Zastenskaya, Deputy Director Akademicheskaya str., 8 220012, MINSK Belarus Tel: 375 17 292 50 15 Fax ...
Page: Benefits of Giving

Up until now,there has been no nonprofit organization in the U.S. devoted to conducting research on food ingredients Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).  With FIHRI, we now have a funding and distribution mechanism ...
Page: Benjamin F. Feingold

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Introduction !BenFeingold.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Benjamin F. Feingold, M.D., (born June 15, 1899 March 23, 1982) was a pediatric allergist from California ...
Page: Benjamin Rush

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !BenjaminRushPaintingbyPeale.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Benjamin Rush (December 24, 1745 April 19, 1813) was a Founding Father of the United States. Rush lived in the state ...
Page: Bensulide

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Bensulide is one of the few organophosphates used as an herbicide herbicides to control grasses and weeds that threaten numerous crops. Its domestic use is relatively low even though it is classified as a General Use ...
Page: Benzene

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Benzene, also known as benzol, is an organic chemical compound with the formula C6H6. It is sometimes abbreviated PhH. Benzene is a colorless and flammable liquid with a sweet smell and a relatively high melting point. \\ \\ It is an ...
Page: Benzenemethanaminium, N - ethyl - N - 4- 4- ethyl(3-sulfophenyl)methylaminophenyl(2 - sulfophenyl)methylene - 2,5 -cyclohexadien - 1 - ylidene - 3 - sulfo -, inner salt, sodium salt (1.2)

Uses Blue dye used in cleaning products, personal care products (including shampoo and toothpaste), and pet products Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Danger of cumulative effects. Repeated exposure may cause increased incidences of negative effects ...
Page: Benzenemethanol

Overview !100516.png! Uses Perfumes and flavors Dyes for nylon, textiles, and plastics Plastic packaging Pen ink Hair products Cosmetics and ointments Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a suspected liver toxicant, neurotoxicant, and immunotoxicant (EDF) Studies ...
Page: Benzenesulfonic acid, C10-16-alkyl derivs.

Overview !68584225PubChem.png thumbnail! Uses Laundry detergent Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health ANIMAL STUDIES In a test on rats, the LD50 was 1470mg/kg of body weight (EPA) In a test on rabbits exposed through the skin experienced erythema, mild ...
Page: Benzenesulfonic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt (1.1)

Overview !1300727.png! Uses Automobile cleaner Home cleaner; lotions Shampoos Hand soap Pet care products Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Low toxicity (HSDB) Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the eyes, nose ...
Page: Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-

Overview !27176870 PubChem.png thumbnail! Uses Car wash products Laundry detergent Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Exposure to chemical at levels toxic to adult females may damage the fetus(NJFsheet) Will cause pain and second ...
Page: Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, compd. with 2-propanamine (1.1)

Overview !26264051.gif! Uses Home cleaning products Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Ingestion causes mild irritation of mouth and stomach (NOAA) Contact with eyes causes irritation. (NOAA) Prolonged contact can cause mild ...
Page: Benzidine

Benzidine is the trivial name for 4,4'diaminobiphenyl, a carcinogenic aromatic amine which has been used as part of a test for cyanide and also in the synthesis of dyes. It has been linked to bladder cancer and pancreatic cancer. In common with benzidine some other aromatic ...
Page: Benzodiazepines

Author: Aleksandra Buha Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Overview Benzodiazepines have been in use for over 30 years and are still widely prescribed in the treatment of anxiety disorders and other medical conditions. Benzodiazepines are classified as class C controlled ...
Page: Beredu Teressa

Articles Radon
Page: Berg adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis atropos Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Drakensburg Ranges ...
Page: Bernard Courtois

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !CourtoisBernad.jpg aligh=left! Bernard Courtois, also spelled Barnard Courtois, (February 12, 1777 September 27, 1838) was a French chemist, born in Dijon ...
Page: Bernard Weiss

weiss.b.jpg thumbnail, align=left! University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry Molecular Toxicology & Environmental Medicine Cluster Ph.D. Program in Toxicology Professor of Environmental Medicine and Pediatrics B.A. 1949 (New York University) Ph.D. 1953 (University of Rochester ...
Page: Bernardo Ramazzini

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Bernardino Ramazzini (October 4, 1633, Carpi November 5, 1714, Padua) was an Italian physician. Ramazzini was one of the first to make the link between ...
Page: beta decay

Overview Beta decay is a form of radioactive decay that emits Beta Particles
Page: Beta Particles

Beta particles are highenergy, highspeed electrons or positrons emitted by certain types of radioactive nuclei, such as potassium40, during beta decay a form of radioactive decay. Contents # #Sources # #Properties # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Internal Links # #External Links ...
Page: beta-Cyclodextrin

Uses Preparation of cholesterolfree foods Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health May cause allergic skin reaction (MSDS2) "The toxicological properties of this substance have not been fully investigated." (MSDS1) Potential eye, skin, digestive tract ...
Page: Bhopal Disaster

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !industry.plant.jpg thumbnail,align=right! !TimeBhopal.jpg thumbnail,align=left! In 1984, the accidental release of 40 metric tons of methyl isocyanate from a Union Carbide pesticide pesticides ...
Page: Bibron's stiletto snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Atractaspis bibronii Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possible Sarafotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: not available Geographic range ...
Page: Bifenthrin

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Bifenthrin is an insecticide used heavily in the control of red imported fire ants. Due to its high toxicity to aquatic organisms, it is listed ...
Page: Bill Witherup

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert William Witherup (19352009) !B.Witherup.jpg align=right! Bill Witherup is an author and poet whose writings include Men at Work (1989) and Down Wind, Down ...
Page: Binary Weapons

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview The sulfur mustards, of which mustard gas is a member, are a class of related cytotoxic, vesicant chemical warfare agents Chemical Weapons with the ability to form large blisters on exposed skin ...
Page: Bioaccumulation

Bioaccumulation, or bioconcentration, is the progressive increase in the amount of a substance in an organism or part of an organism that occurs because the rate of intake exceeds the organism's ability to remove the substance from the body. Bioaccumulation often correlates with lipophilicity. Bioaccumulation potential is the ability of living ...
Page: BIODISPERS

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Bioethics, Stem Cells, and Cloning

Topic editor: Maria M. Williams\\ \\ Lead author: Sean Foley What Is Bioethics? "Biology combined with diverse humanistic knowledge forging a science that sets a system of medical and environmental priorities for acceptable survival." Van Rensselaer Potter, Global Bioethics ...
Page: Biological Properties and Health Effects of Arsenic

Biological Properties Soluble inorganic arsenic compounds, such as arsenic trioxide, are readily absorbed from the intestine (8090%). Organic arsenic compounds found in seafood are not well absorbed. Arsenic can also be absorbed through the lungs and skin. Most of the arsenic in the blood ...
Page: Biological Properties of Alcohol

Alcohol is readily absorbed from the stomach and the intestine, and the highest blood level occurs about 30 minutes from the time of the last drink. Alcohol absorption is slowed by the presence of food in the stomach; however, once it reaches the small intestine, alcohol absorption ...
Page: Biological Properties of Fungicides

Fungicides were developed to control the fungi and mold that may grow on crops, stored foods and seeds, and in our bodies. Control of plant fungus in agriculture is important not only because fungi can damage crops, but also because some fungi produce ...
Page: Biological Properties of Herbicides

Herbicides are used to kill or damage plants and are the most rapidly growing type of pesticide. Prior to the 1930s, herbicides were nonspecific and often very toxic to humans as well as other animals. In the 1930s, researchers discovered several chemicals that selectively killed plants ...
Page: Biological Properties of Insecticides

Most chemical insecticides act by poisoning the nervous system. The central and peripheral nervous system of insects is fundamentally similar to that of mammals. A small amount of pesticide http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Pesticides can be fatal to an insect, primarily because of the insect's ...
Page: Biological Properties of Lead

absorption, distribution, and subsequent health effects of lead illustrate the basic principles of toxicology. Foremost is the sensitivity of children to the adverse effects of even low levels of lead exposure. There are many reasons that children are more sensitive to lead. Children are much smaller than ...
Page: Biological Properties of Molluscicides

Molluscicides are used to control slugs and snails. Molluscs are a group of invertrebate animals that include shellfish, cephalopods (such as squid and octopus), slugs, and snails. The most commonly used active ingredient in molluscicides is metaldehyde http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Metaldehyde, which disrupts ...
Page: Biological Properties of Nicotine

Nicotine.image.png.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Nicotine has a range of physiological effects and has provided researchers with an opportunity to learn nervous system function. It is readily absorbed through the skin and lungs, but because it is a strong base is not well absorbed in the acidic environment ...
Page: Biological Properties of Rodenticides

Rodenticides are a broad class of pesticides http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Pesticides designed to kill small mammals such as rats and mice. Some rodenticides are anticoagulants and work by inhibiting bloodclotting; these are often used to control rat populations. One of the first anticoagulant rodenticides ...
Page: Biological Weapons Convention

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !biological.weapons.gif thumbnail, align=right! Overview The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (usually referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention ...
Page: Biomagnification

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Allison Camp   \\ Description Biomagnification refers to the accumulation of toxins through the trophic levels of a food chain. It results in an increased concentration of the toxin in the higher organisms of the food chain. Biomagnification occurs ...
Page: Biomimicry

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Biomimicry (from bios, meaning life, and mimesis, meaning to imitate) is an ancient concept recently returning to scientific thought that examines nature's models, systems ...
Page: Biomimicry in the Northwest

Exploring Possibilities for Biomimicry in the Northwest Jan Keller Portfolio Project, Integrative Environmental Sciences September 6, 2009 \\ \\ Contents Introduction Demographics and diversity Land use Food crops Watershed, water sources, and water conservation Water quality Energy ...
Page: Biomonitoring

page is in development. Thanks for your patience\! "Biomonitoring is the assessment of human exposure to environmental chemicals by measuring the chemicals or their metabolites in human blood, urine, saliva, or tissue. The results of such measurement are usually called "body burden." Nearly all of us carry a body ...
Page: Bisphenol-A

article is a result of our University Partnership Program University Partnerships. Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Ashwin Gupta Overview BisphenolA (BPA) was created in the latenineteenth century by the Russian Aleksandr Dianin, who coined it "Dianin's Compound ...
Page: Bisphenol-A - Historical Perspective

Poster Presentation and Talk by Dr. Sarah Vogel "Low Dose Politics the scientific, political and economic history of bisphenol A" (poster not available) Vogel, S. A. (2009). The politics of plastics: the making and unmaking of bisphenol a "safety". Am J Public Health, 99 Suppl ...
Page: Black Death

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Black Death, also known as bubonic plague, is a bacterial disease spread by rodents that wiped out around onethird of Europe's population in the mid14th century. History ...
Page: Black mamba

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References\\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Black tigersnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Notechis ater Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins, pre and postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Black-headed bushmaster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Lachesis melanocephala Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pro and anticoagulants coagulants and Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Black-necked spitting cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja {}nigricollis{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name:  Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins) toxipedia:Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins), postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins, cardiotoxins Toxins: &nbsp ...
Page: Black-speckled palm-pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothriechis nigroviridis Basic Information Venom name: Toxins:Procoagulants coagulants and haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: rare ...
Page: bladder exstrophy

fetus or newborn with exstrophy is often a surprise to both the family & the physician caring for the child. The distraught parents need reassurance at this stage. Unfortunately, because of the rarity of bladder exstrophy, many health care providers do not have experience and knowledge of this disorder and, yet ...
Page: Blaine Act

Overview The Blaine Act was sponsored by Wisconsin senator John J. Blaine and passed by the United States Senate on February 17, 1933, to repeal the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, or Prohibition. The repeal was formally adopted as the 21st Amendment of the Constitution on December ...
Page: Blanding's treesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Toxicodryas blandingi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Habitat: General facts ...
Page: Blue long-glanded coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Calliophis bivirgata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possible neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Myanmar ...
Page: Book Resources

section contains important books related to toxicology. Popular Books !Poisoned.for.profit.jpg thumbnail, align=right! POISONED FOR PROFIT http://www.poisonedforprofit.net/ How Toxins Are Making Our Children Chronically Ill by Philip and Alice Shabecoff 2010. From autism to cancer ...
Page: Boomslang

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Dispholidus typus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Habitat: General facts ...
Page: Botox

Botox is the trade name for the medical derivative of the botulinum toxin Botulinum Toxin. While botulinum toxin is the most potent neurotoxin neurotoxins known to man, botox is commonly used cosmetically. In minute, diluted doses, botox is injected to specific muscles, causing ...
Page: Botulinum Toxin

Lead Author: Leah Tait Lead Editor: Sean Foley Overview Botulinum toxin is among the most deadly naturally occuring neurotoxins neurotoxins, produced by the naturally occurring Clostridium botulinum and causing the fatal disease Botulism. Minute doses ...
Page: Botulism

Topic editor: TBD Lead author: Leah Tait Overview Botulism is the illness associated with Clostridium botulinum. There are three main types of the illness: Foodborne botulism Infant botulism Wound botulism Regardless of type, it is the production of botulinum toxin by Clostridium botulinum ...
Page: Bougainville coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Parapistocalamus hedigeri Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Bougainville Island ...
Page: BPA in Consumer Products Risk Assessment

Summary{} Bisphenol a (BPA) is a monomer widely used in plastics, canned foods, and dental sealants. BPA is an endocrine disruptor and mimics estrogen in the body. It has been linked to decreased brain function, weight gain, breast cancer, behavioral changes ...
Page: British Roentgen Society

BRITISH ROENTGEN SOCIETY Review {}TXP1{} \\ \\ Contents 1. Toxicological Perspective #toxicological \\ 2. History #history \\ 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ \\ TOXILOGICAL PERSPECTIVE \\ HISTORY \\ INTERNAL LINKS \\ REFERENCES ...
Page: Broadheaded snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hoplocephalus bungaroides Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Sydney ...
Page: bromine

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Page: Brown Lung Disease

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert This page is under development. Thank you for your patience\! Overview Byssinosis (brown lung disease) is a chronic condition involving obstruction of the small airways, which severely ...
Page: Brown treesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Boiga irregularis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: New Guinea ...
Page: Brown-lipped sea krait

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Laticauda laticaudata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Brownfields

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Kaitlin Mallory Overview !brownfields1.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Brownfields are areas of land, often underused or abandoned industrial sites, that cannot be used to their full potential due to real or perceived pollution hazards ...
Page: Browsing a Space

Overview The 'Browse Space' view is your window to spacewide summary information as well as to a host of tools relating to the management of your space. You can browse a space from either the Dashboard or from within a space by clicking this icon located at the top ...
Page: Build for the Future of Toxicology

Issue The Society of Toxicology currently addresses the needs of its membership by providing a variety of valuable activities. However, it is necessary for the Society and the individual members to plan for the future rather than simply react to changes as they occur. Use of emerging technologies, relevant and forwardlooking ...
Page: Buncefield fire

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Buncefield015.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Buncefield fire was a major conflagration caused by a series of explosions on December 11, 2005 at the Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal, an ...
Page: Burrowing cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Paranaja multifasciata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Central ...
Page: Butanedioic acid

Overview !butanedioic acid.png! Butanedioic acid, also known as succinic acid and spirit of amber, is a dicarboxylic acid that can be obtained from amber. It is approved as a food additive by the FDA. \\ Uses Historically, butanedioic acid was harvested from amber and used externally ...
Page: Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt

Overview !577117.png! Uses Food additive Detergents Medication Deodorant Oil dispersants Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a suspected neurotoxicant (EDF) Toxic to blood (MSDS) Classified as moderately toxic. (HSDB) Liquid is strong irritant to eye ...

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Page: Cadmium (Cd)

Authors: Elissa Grzincic Cadmium is a classic, elemental toxicant that shows various adverse effects and can be fatal depending on the dose. It is the most destructive in chronic exposure. It has caused many problems as an environmental toxicant (through incorrectly disposing of products ...
Page: Caffeine

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Caffeine use dates back to the Stone Age and is today the most widely used stimulant in the world. It is a xanthine alkaloid compound found in plants where it acts as a natural pesticide ...
Page: calcium phosphide

Chemical Description Calcium Phosphide (CP, Ca3P2) has the appearance of redbrown crystalline and has a melting point of 1600C. Upon contact of water or acids, it releases phosphine which ignites spontaneously. \\ Uses It is primarily used in making incendiary bombs, fireworks ...
Page: Calculating True Costs in Economics

Sean Foley What works in the short run oftentimes costs society infinitely more in the long run. This is true with numerous environmental policies, most notably the management of forests and fisheries in the past hundred years. It is also true with the use of certain toxic ...
Page: Calicheamicin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Chemical Structure !calicheamicin G.gif thumbnail! {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Calicheamicin, Mylotarg®, Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin Use: Treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia Source: Natural ...
Page: California Pesticide Exposure

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview On July 31, 1998 at 4 a.m., a cotton field was sprayed aerially with a solution containing as active ingredients 0.26% carbofuran (nmethyl carbamate), 0.05% abamectin ...
Page: Can Caution Prevent Autism?

Elinor Kriegsmann December 4, 2009\\ The statistics on autism are alarming. A study published on October 5, 2009 in the American Academy of Pediatrics' journal Pediatrics found a parentreported autism prevalence rate of one in every 91 American children, including one ...
Page: Cancer

Author: Steven G. Gilbert Introduction Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells that have damaged DNA expression. The cancerous cells repeatedly divide, displacing normal tissue. The cancer or neoplasm may be either benign or malignant: a benign cancer stays confined ...
Page: Cancer - A Short History

oldest descriptions of cancer date back to Egypt, at about 1600 BC. The socalled Edwin Smith Papyrus http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/EbersPapyrus describes eight cases of what appears to be breast cancer. The tumors of the breast were treated by cauterization ...
Page: Cancer - Recommendation and Conclusions

While scientists have made great strides in understanding the causes of cancer and developing treatments, there will always be a risk for developing cancer. The likelihood of developing cancer is related to our individual sensitivity and our dose/response curve. As individuals, we can try ...
Page: Cancer - References and Additional Information

European, Asian, and International Agencies • IARC International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) World Health Organization (WHO). Online: <http://www.iarc.fr/> (accessed: 07 July 2009). IARC's mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms ...
Page: Cancer - Regulatory Standards

National and international agencies have established systems to classify agents according to the likelihood that the agent may cause cancer. This is often a difficult process because the information on an agent may be incomplete or inconclusive. Data from any human epidemiology studies ...
Page: Cancer Case Studies

Soot In 1775, Percivall Pott observed that there was an increased incidence of scrotum cancer in chimney sweeps and suggested that soot might be the cause. This was the first linking of occupational chemical exposure to cancer. Unfortunately this understanding was not translated into action and prevention. By the late 1890s, scrotal ...
Page: Cape cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja {}nivea{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name: Potent postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins, cardiotoxins http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotoxicity Toxins: alpha (α) neurotoxins ...
Page: Carbamates

Notable Carbamates aldicarb (Temik) bendiocarb (Ficam) bufencarb carbaryl (Sevin) carbofuran(Furadan) formetanate (Carzol) methiocarb (Mesurol) methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) oxamyl (Vydate) pinmicarb (Pirimor) propoxur (Baygon
Page: Carbaryl

Overview Carbaryl is a general use carbamate Carbamates pesticide that acts primarily as an insecticide, but is also competent as a molluscicide and acaricide. It is used on a variety of crops including soy, corn, and citrus, and is also applied to livestock and home garden uses. Carbaryl is a Cholinesterase ...
Page: Carbofuran

Overview Carbofuran is one of the most toxic carbamate carbamates pesticides and is most often marketed under the trade names Furadan and Curater. It is extremely toxic to birds, fish, and bees. In 2008 the US EPA moved to revoke registration of carbofuran, effectively banning ...
Page: Carbon Disulphide

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Carbon Disulphide (CS 2) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor similar to chloroform although it is usually an impure yellowish with an unpleasant odor like that of rotting radishes due to traces of other ...
Page: Carbophenothion

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Carbophenothion is an organophospate organophosphates insecticide insecticides and an acaricide classified by the Environmental Protection Agency as a Restricted Use Pesticide (RUP) (#EXTOXNET PIP). \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Carbophenathion ...
Page: Carcinogens

Also see our main page on cancer. Lead author: Leah Tait Overview Carcinogens are substances, whether chemical or physical, that cause cancer. Cancer is the uncontrolled division and growth of cells; these cells can spread and invade surrounding tissues, replacing ...
Page: Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Carl.W.Scheele.png thumbnail, align=left! Carl Wilhelm Scheele (December 9, 1742 May 21, 1786) was a brilliant GermanSwedish chemist credited with discovering numerous ...
Page: Caspian cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja {}oxiana{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name:  Potent postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins Toxins:  αoxiana neurotoxin, alphaneurotoxins, minor cytotoxins. Manner ...
Page: castor bean

Castorbeanplant.jpg thumbnail! The castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, is a plant species of the Euphorbiaceae (the evolution of this plant family is relatively unexplored) the sole member of the genus Ricinus and of the subtribe Ricininae. Its seed is the castor bean which, despite its name, is not a true ...
Page: Catherine de Medici

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Catherine de Medici (April 13, 1519 January 5, 1589) became a power in world politics after the death of her husband, King of France ...
Page: Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !lavoisin.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin (La Voisin) (16401680) Accused sorcerer and convicted poisoner in France. She was burned at the stake February 22 ...
Page: Center for Healthy Environments & Communities

Authors: Samantha Malone, MPH, Center for Healthy Environments & Communities About Us CHEC was founded in 2004 at the University of Pittsburgh's Graduate School of Public Health (GSPH) under a grant from the Heinz Endowments. Mission & Goals Our ...
Page: Central American bushmaster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Lachesis stenophrys Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pro and anticoagulants coagulants and Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Central American jumping pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Atropoides mexicanus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pro and anticoagulants coagulants, possibly haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human ...
Page: Cesare Borgia

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Cesareborgia.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Cesare Borgia (September 13, 1475 March 12, 1507) was a SpanishItalian condottiero, lord, and cardinal. The Borgias were known ...
Page: Chad Wetzel

P2RIC's SustainUpdates http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/P2RIC%27sSustainUpdates Project Manager
Page: Charles John Samuel Thompson

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !cjs thompson.jpg align=left! Charles John Samuel Thompson (1862\ 1943) or C.J.S. Thompson as he was more commonly known, was a physician and writer ...
Page: CHASE Program

U.S. later conducted the CHASE Program CHASE as an acronym for "cut holes and sink em." The CHASE Program involved loading unwanted munition into aging ships and scuttling them at sea. Most disposals were or conventional weapons but four operations ...
Page: Chat

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview Chat is a fine gravel waste left over after ore production primarily zinc and lead mining that can contain high amounts of toxins. Ore production consisted ...
Page: Chemical Corps

Chemical Corps was established on June 28, 1918 as teh Chemical Warfare Service and is focused on "on warfighting operations and training in support of nuclear, biological and chemical defense, smoke, flame employment, support of weapons of mass destruction, force and domestic protection programs ...
Page: chemical injury information network

CIIN http://ciin.org
Page: Chemical Off Gas Risk Assessment

chemicals {}Links and Websites{} chemical injury information network http://ciin.org/(CIIN) http://ezinearticles.com/?OffGassinginMobileHomes5WaystoReduceChemicalOffGassinginYourMobileHome&id=1293476 carpet case\ histories http://www.holisticmed.com/carpet/ EWGchemical secrets http://www.ewg.org/node/27129, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn ...
Page: Chemical Toxicity Databases

Below are some online resources that Toxipedia visitors may find useful when doing additional research on the toxicity of specific chemicals. \\ \\ CHE (Collaborative on Health and the Environment) Toxicant and Disease Database http://www.healthandenvironment.org/tddb: summarizes links between chemical ...
Page: Chemical Warfare

Chemical Warfare Review {}TXP1{} \\ !troops.gas.mask.jpg thumbnail! By the middle of the 1910's, chemicals had been developed to be used by the military as weapons. Agents such as Chlorine, Chloropicrin, Phosgene and Mustard Gas were all used in chemical warfare. Humans and dogs were fitted ...
Page: Chemical Warfare Service

External Links Globalsecurity.org http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/army/chem.htm on Chemical Warfare Service
Page: Chemical Weapons

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !chem weapon in field.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Overview The modern era of chemical weaponry began in the First World War and advances in synthetic chemistry led to the development ...
Page: Chemical Weapons Convention

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. Its full name is the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production ...
Page: Chemicals Group

Overview The Chemicals Group is a collection of Toxipedia users with the ability to edit any of the pages that are governed by the Chemicals Group. Anyone can be a member and can edit, but the page editors still have editorial oversight capabilities to ensure accuracy. Every page tells ...
Page: Chemicals List

675pxChemicalsinflasks.jpg thumbnail,align=left! If you don't see what you need, please try the search box above. If Toxipedia doesn't have a page for your chemical, we offer a list of Chemical Toxicity Databases toxipedia:Chemical Toxicity ...
Page: Chernobyl Accident

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !chernobyl.jpg thumbnail,align=right! On April 26, 1986 the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident produced a plume of radioactive debris over the Ukraine, Eastern ...
Page: Child Health

growing body of research is providing evidence of negative effects on child health due to pesticide use and exposure by parents. Studies are correlating parental use of pesticides before and during pregnancy as well as after birth with health impacts on their children. These impacts range ...
Page: Children's Environmental Health

page has been tagged for development. Children's Health Organizations The Institute for Children's Environmental Health (ICEH) http://www.iceh.org/index.html, founded in 1999, is a nonprofit educational organization working to ensure a healthy, just and sustainable future for children and the planet. (accessed ...
Page: Children's Health Overview

Contents # #Principles # #Background # #Current Events # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources \ # #External Links # #References # #News Feeds \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Principles \\ Background Current Events \\ External Links \\ \\ Advocacy and Opinion ...
Page: Children's Rights

Resources UNICEF: Convention on the Rights of the Child http://www.unicef.org/crc/ Partnership on Children's Health and the Environment: Guiding Principles on Children's Health http://www.healthandenvironment.org/abouticeh Science and Environmental Health Network: Guardianship of Future Generations http://www.sehn.org/bemidji.html Child ...
Page: Chile

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: China first atomic bomb

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !China.first.atomic.bomb.jpg thumbnail, align=right! People's Republic of China's conducted its first nuclear weapons test, detonated on October 16, 1964 at the Lop Nur ...
Page: Chinese cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja toxipedia:Tropical Asia {}atra{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name:  Neurotoxins Neurotoxins, cardiotoxins Toxins: alphaatratoxin, cardiotoxins (I IV), minor cytotoxin&nbsp ...
Page: Chlordane

page has been tagged for development. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Chlordane is a persistent persistent environmental contaminants organochloride organochlorines pesticide pesticides that was used from 1948 until its cancellation in 1988 ...
Page: Chlordecone

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Chlordecone, also known as Kepone, is a carcinogenic Carcinogens insecticide insecticides related to mirex, and was used between 1966 and 1975 to control ants and roaches. \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven ...
Page: Chlorfenvinphos

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Author: Sean Foley Lead Editor: Sean Foley Overview Chlorfenvinphos is an organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides which was widely used in the past to control household pests such as flies, fleas, and mice ...
Page: chlorinated hydrocarbon

Page: Chlorinated Paraffins

Overview Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are a complex group of manmade compounds, primarily used as coolants and lubricants in metal forming and cutting. They also are used as plasticizers and flame retardants in rubber, paints, adhesives, sealants and plastics (#Environmental Health News, 2010). They present ...
Page: Chlorinated Tris (TDCPP)

Authors: Allison Camp Overview Chlorinated Tris (TDCPP) is a flame retardant currently used in many applications including polyurethane foam found in upholstered furniture (#1). Although banned from use in children’s pajamas in the 1970s due its mutagenic ...
Page: Chlorine

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Christopher Wright Physical Information Name: Chlorine Molecular Formula: Atomic Number: 17 Color: Greenishyellow Melting Point: 172.22 CAS No: 7782505 History Chlorine was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele ...
Page: Chlorobenzylidene-malononitrile

Overview Chlorobenzylidenemalononitrile, also know as CS or CS Gas, is the active chemical compound that is found in the most commonly used type of tear gas in North America and Europe. Two British scientists, Ben Corson and Roger Stoughton, developed the compound while ...
Page: Chloroform

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Chloroform, also known as trichloromethane, is a liquid that has been used in the past as an extraction solvent for fats, oils, greases, and other products; as a dry cleaning spot remover; in fire extinguishers; as a fumigant ...
Page: Chloropicrin

Chloropicrin Review {}TXP1
Page: Chlorothalonil

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Chlorothalonil is a chloronitrile fungicide that was first registered by the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency in 1966. It is used to control fungi affecting a number of agricultural ...
Page: Chlorpyrifos

Overview Chlorpyrifos is a toxic crystalline organophosphate insecticide organophosphates which was used extensively on homes and farms to control pests including mosquitoes, cockroaches, grubs, flea beetles, fire ants, and others. It is a Cholinesterase Inhibitor and depending on the length of time and amount exposed ...
Page: Chocoan bushmaster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Lachesis acrochorda Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants,Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Cholera

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !CholerabacteriaSEM.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Cholera is an infection of the small intestine that is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholera (see image right). The main symptoms are profuse ...
Page: Cholinasterase

Contents # #Physical Properties # #Mode of Action # #Uses # #History # #Signs and Symptoms of Poisoning # #Current Events # #Precaution # #Regulation # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Physical Properties Mode ...
Page: Cholinesterase Inhibitor

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Cholinesterase Background Cholinesterase , or acetylcholine, produced in the liver, is one of many important enzymes needed for the proper functioning of the nervous systems of humans, other vertebrates, and insects (#EXTOXNET). Nerve impulses ...
Page: CHOOSING SAFER PRODUCTS - Auto Products through Cleaners

Product Category \\ Guidelines on Choosing Products \\ Searchable Databases of Specific Products \\ Automotive Products King County Local Hazardous Waste Management Program (LHWMP): Automotive and Marine/Boat Products http://www.govlink.org/hazwaste/house/disposal/AnyProduct.cfm?catID ...
Page: CHOOSING SAFER PRODUCTS - Clothing through Furniture

Product Category \\ Guidelines on Choosing Products \\ Databases of Specific Products \\ Clothing and Apparel \\ Healthy Building Network and Health Care Without Harm: Future of Fabric report http://www.healthybuilding.net/healthcare/FutureOfFabric.pdf (PDF, geared for hospitals but provides an overview ...
Page: CHOOSING SAFER PRODUCTS - Laundry through Toys

nbsp;   !180pxDrycleanrack.jpg width=174,height=120! !250pxDahliaxhybrida.jpg width=194,height=129! !180pxFivedifferentrubberducks.jpg width=171,height=121!\\   \\ Product Category \\ Guidelines on Choosing Products \\ Databases of Specific Products \\ Laundry and Dry Cleaning \\ Occidental College Pollution Prevention ...
Page: Chris Shepperd

Introduction Yes. Background Born to people who loved him up until the time he could speak. Death Shortly I'm sure. Trivia Once ate 50 hardboiled eggs http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0061512/. \\ Player \\ Position AVG ...
Page: Christian Hahnemann

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Hahnemann1841.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemann (April 10, 1755 in Meiben, Saxony July 2, 1843 in Paris, France) was a German ...
Page: Christine Tarun Santiago

pic1.JPG! Christine is a senior at the University of Washington studying Environmental Health. After graduation, she plans to work as an Environmental Health Specialist at a local public health department in the state of Washington. After a few years of gaining experience in the field, she ...
Page: Christine Zarker Primomo

xxxxx Articles Written by Christine Zarker Primomo Urushiol \\ \\ Articles Edited by Christine Zarker Primomo
Page: Christoph Wilhelm

Christoph Wilhelm PhD !Christoph Wilhelm Pic.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Milestones.poster.Deutsch.vsm.p1.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Christoph Wilhelm, Ph.D. translated the Milestones of Toxicology poster into German in April 2012. He is a post doc in the Human and Environmental Toxicology Group ...
Page: Christopher Broyles

Christopher Broyles has degrees in both biology and chemistry and a MA in English. He is currently an editor of scientific documents at the Environmental Protection Agency. He lives in Fairborn, Ohio. \\ \\ Articles Edited by Christopher Broyles
Page: Chromated Copper Arsenate (CCA)

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert By far the largest use of arsenic is in treating wood to prevent decay or insect damage. Several compounds are used, but the vast majority of wood is treated with a pesticide called chromated ...
Page: Chronology of Events of the 1984 Bhopal Accident

Overview Poster Chronology of Events of the 1984 Bhopal Accident Bhopal poster final.pdf (pdf) by Rangaprasad Sarangrajan and Brinda Mahadevan \\ On December 3rd, 1984, thousands of people in Bhopal, India, were gassed to death after a catastrophic chemical leak at a Union ...
Page: Chuck Cornett

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Chuck Cornett Overview !Cornett.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Associate Professor Department of Chemistry and Engineering Physics UWPlatteville 214 Ottensman Hall Chuck Cornett PhD bio at University of WisconsinPlatteville ...
Page: Church Rock Dam

Overview  "In the early morning hours of July 16, 1979, fourteen weeks after the accident at Three Mile Island, all of that changed. The dam at Church Rock burst sending eleven hundred tons of radioactive mill wastes and ninety million gallons ...
Page: Cirrhosis

Overview Cirrhosis is a consequence of chronic liver disease and is characterized by progressive loss of liver function due to replacement of liver tissue by fibrotic scar tissue as well as regenerative nodules. The most common complication caused by cirrhosis is ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal ...
Page: Class 1

Class 1 Class presentations Overview slides Risk 472 class 1.overview.ppt (ppt) Introduction to ENVH 472/572 Wikis and communication Risk 472 class 1.wikis.ppt (ppt8 mgb) Introduction to wikis and risk communication \\ Class readings Scientists need ...
Page: Class 10

Class 10 Nanotechnology risk assessment Guest Lecturer: Wes Smith, Ph.D. Postdoctoral Fellow Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (CEEH) 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, #100 Class presentations Nanotechnology Risk Assessment PowerPoint Presentation envh472nanorisk.pptx ...
Page: Class 11

Lead Paint in Washington Mark Crippen and Cristina Haworth Presentation Lead Powerpoint Lead Presentation NEW.pptx\\ Relevant materials Lead in the News http://www.epa.gov/lead/new.htm Strong link between crime, lead exposure in children http://seattletimes.nwsource.com ...
Page: Class 12

Class 12 Fluoride Class presentations Fluoride risk assessment Fluoride.risk.02.11.10.ppt PowerPoint 0.5 mgb Steve Gilbert \\ Class readings ToxipediaFluoride http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Fluoride NAS fluoride brief NAS.fluoridebrieffinal.pdf (pdf 2 mgb) Considerations ...
Page: Class 13

Class 13 eWaste Class presentations \\ Class readings ewaste Toxipedia Electronic Waste (EWaste) Basel Action Network (BAN) http://www.ban.org/ \\ Current events Weed killer in the crosshairs. In recent years, questions have surfaced about atrazine's ...
Page: Class 14

Class 14 Ephedra and eWaste \\ Extra reading BPA risk assessment and study design vom.saal.2010.BPA.tox.sci.pdf \\ Class presentations Ephedra Risk Assessment Alyssa Vivas & Ashley Barlond Ewaste Risk Assessment Nick Ling & Danica Hill ewaste risk ...
Page: Class 15

Duwamish River Contamination Duwamish Contamination Risk Assessment Do and Nizamic \\ Ship Breaking Ship Breaking Risk Assessment Wilson & Flores \\ Current Events World's top firms cause $2.2tn of environmental damage, report estimates. The cost of pollution ...
Page: Class 16

Extra Reading PBT House sign on Letter PBT House sign on Final.pdf \\ Nanotech Nanotech Risk Assessment Ma & Zemenfeskidus \\ Carbon Nanotubes Powerpoint CARBON NANOTUBES POWERPOINT FINAL.ppt \\ Chemical Off Gas Chemical Off Gas Risk ...
Page: Class 17

Extra Reading BPA Craziness http://pubs.acs.org/cen/editor/88/8809editor.html C&EN (Chemical and Engineering Nnews) the other site of the BPA debate \\ BPA in Consumer Products Risk Assessment Kelsi Thorsness & Sarah Helgeson & Abbi McClintic Presentation Date ...
Page: Class 18

Extra reading very interesting Ted Sturdevant Congressional Testimony Sturdevant.Testimony.pdf \ Director WA Dept of Ecology \\ DBP Presentation DBP Risk Assessment PowerPoint Risk Assessment Dibutyl Phthalates1.ppt Background The public is well aware of the presence of phthalates in plastic ...
Page: Class 19

Class 12 Radiation by Stan Addison UW Radiation Safety Officer Class presentations Radiation \\ Class readings Chapter 12 "A Small Dose of Toxicology" and Radiation at Small Dose http://www.asmalldoseof.org/toxicology/radiation.php US EPA Radiation http ...
Page: Class 2

Class 2 Class presentations Introduction to Toxicology Risk 472 class 2.Gen.Tox.ppt PowerPoint slides 8 mgb \\ Class readings Book "A Small Dose of Toxicology" library reserve web site http://www.asmalldoseof.org Public Health and the Precautionary Principle ...
Page: Class 3

Class 3 Class presentations Introduction to Health Effects of Lead Risk 472 class 3.Intro.Hlth.Lead.ppt PowerPoint slides 3 mgb \\ Class readings Chemical Soup for the Soul http://daily.sightline.org/dailyscore/archive/2010/01/05/chemicalsoupforthesoul Sight Line A rationale for lowering the blood ...
Page: Class 4

Class 4 Class presentations Class assignments review Risk 472 class 1.overview.ppt Introduction to Risk Assessment Risk 472 class 4.Risk.Assment.ppt \ PowerPoint slides 3 mgb \\ Class readings WHO Risk Assessment Tool WHO.risk.assessment.tool.pdf WORLD ...
Page: Class 5

Class 5 Class presentations Guest Lecture Richard Grady, MD Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals A Cause For Concern? Associate Professor in the Department of Urology, the University of Washington School of Medicine, 2.) Attending, Division of Pediatric Urology, Seattle Children's Hospital ...
Page: Class 6

Melamine Risk Assessment Class 6: Powerpoint Melamine Risk Assessment Presentation Melamine Risk Assessment.pdf Readings toxipedia Smith article Kirk Smith 2002.pdf Place Makes the Poison Melamine in the News http://online.wsj.com/article/SB126255525849313997.html\\ Melamine is known ...
Page: Class 7

Class 7 Class presentations Guest Melissa Lawent on Peace Corp (first 5 min of class) Mercury Risk Assessment Risk 472 class 7.Mercury.risk.asses.ppt PowerPoint (4 mgb) Steve Gilbert \\ Class readings EPA Mercury cement ...
Page: Class 8

Class 8 Class presentations Precautionary Assessment Prec.Principle.Assess.ppt PowerPoint (2 mgb) \\ Class readings Precautionary Assessment Prec.Assessment.11.12.06.pdf (pdf) by Steven Gilbert Precautionary Assessment Criteria Prec.assess.criteria.06.21.06.xls Public Health and the Precautionary Principle NW.Public.Health.PP.2005.pdf By Steven Gilbert \\ Current ...
Page: Class 9

Class 9 Biomonitoring and Fluoride risk assessment Class presentations Pollution in People Pollution.in.People.ppt PowerPoint 12 mgb Fluoride risk assessment Fluoride.risk.01.31.10.ppt PowerPoint 0.5 mgb Hurricane Katrina Risk Assessment PowerPoint HHD risk assessment.pdf \\ Class ...
Page: Claude Bernard

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !ClaudeBernard.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Claude Bernard (July 12, 1813 February 10, 1878) was a French medical doctor who aimed to establish a scientific ...
Page: Clean Air Act

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Clean Air Act was signed December 17 dec 17, 1963 by Lyndon B. Johnson in part as a response to several incidence of dirt air or smog ...
Page: Clean Air Acts of 1956

Overview The Clean Air Acts of 1956 were a result of The Great Smog of London Disaster London Great Smog in which a large amount of air pollutants from the burning of coal were trapped near the ground. This pollution caused 12,000 deaths ...
Page: Clean Air Acts of 1968

Overview The Clean Air Acts of 1968 were the followup to the Clean Air Acts of 1956 which reduced pollution in the cities of England by creating smokeless zones, moving power plants out of the cities, and introducing cleaner burning fuels. Both were ...
Page: Clean Water Act

Topic editor: Sean Foley \\ Lead author: Kaitlin Mallory \\ About The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, amended to the Clean Water Act (CWA) in 1977, was first passed by Congress in 1948. In 1972, the act underwent major reorganization and expansion ...
Page: Cleaning Up Formerly Used Defense Sites

Army Corps of Engineers plans to destroy World War I chemical munitions chemical weapons in Spring Valley, a nice neighborhood and Formerly Used Defense Site in Northwest Washington, DC. The munitions were recovered last year from the Glenbrook ...
Page: Cleopatra

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !cleopatra.gif thumbnail, align=left! Cleopatra was the Queen of Egypt who ruled through a combination of power and consorts, having been married to Roman leader Gaius Julius Caeser ...
Page: Coagulants

Page: Coagulation

Coagulation Introduction: Coagulation, also known as blood clotting, is the biological process of forming blood clots. Coagulation is necessary to maintain bodily function and is the mechanism by which the body ends bleeding from an injury and initiates repair. Hemostasis describes the process ...
Page: Coastal taipan

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Oxyuranus scutellatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins, Pre and Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Cocaine

History The leaves of the Coca shrub have been consumed for several hundred years in South America. The leaves are most often usually chewed or seeped into tea and they produce desirable effects including decreased hunger, general contentedness, and increased endurance. People ...
Page: Codeine

Overview. Codeine, or methylmorphine, is an opiate Opium used for its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties. Codeine is one of the 24 different alkaloids found in Opium. Its concentration in Opium ranges from 0.3 3.0% and is synthesized from morphine. \\ Topic ...
Page: Collaborate

What neets to be done? {}toxipedia{} is about working together to empower people with information so they create a better, more sustainable world. \\ Add to the list \\ To do list know any history? Add your favoriate tox history fact
Page: Colombia

Editor: Sean Foley Country Editor: Jesus Olivero Environmental and Computational Chemistry\\ Department of Chemistry\\ Campus of Zaragocilla\\ University of Cartagena Tel: 5756698179 or 5756698180 or 5756698181 Fax: 5756698323 Email: joliverov@unicartagena.edu.co Web site: http://www.reactivos.com Government Agencies ...
Page: Comet

picture.gif thumbnail! Please help us make the comet page. \\ \\ Contents # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text \\ \\ Topic editor: editor name Lead author: author name \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use ...
Page: Common krait

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bungarus caeruleus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pre and Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Common Lancehead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothrops atrox Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins, cytotoxins cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: bite Absorption ...
Page: Complete Primary Repair for Exstrophy

following video demonstrates the surgical technique of the complete primary repair for exstrophy
Page: Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability, Act (CERCLA)

See Superfund
Page: Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview CTBT !Clinto.CTBT.1996.gif thumbnail, align=left! !NucleartestNevadatestsite1955.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Comprehensive NuclearTestBan Treaty (CTBT) bans all nuclear explosions in all environments ...
Page: Computer Requirements

Computer Requirements Review {}TXP1 An internet connection, and THAT'S IT\! Because a wiki is a website, you do not need to install any special softare to collaborate on projects. But for best results, use one of the following browsers: Firefox 1.5 Internet Explorer 6.0 ...
Page: Conference on Limitation of Armament

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert The Conference on Limitation of Armament was held in Washington, D.C. in 192122 between representatives of the five major allied powers (Britain, France, Italy, Japan, and the United States) (#Tucker ...
Page: Constantin Fahlberg

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !saccharin.gif thumbnail, align=left! Constantin Fahlberg (December 22, 1850, in Tambov, Russia August 15, 1910, in Nassau, Germany) is most known for his ...
Page: Consumer Product Safety Commission

Introduction !600pxUSConsumerProductSafetyCommissionSeal.svg.png thumbnail,align=right! CPSC was created in 1972 by Congress under the Consumer Product Safety Act and began operating in 1973. In the Consumer Product Safety Act, Congress directed CPSC to protect the public "against unreasonable risks of injuries ...
Page: Consumption of Food Color Additives and High Fructose Corn Syrup Leads to Zinc Deficiency or Loss in Some Children

What do food color additives and high fructose corn syrup have in common?  High fructose corn syrup and certain food color additives may be sources of mercury exposure because Federal and international food regulations allow ...
Page: contact

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Page: Contact Us

Please email us at questions@toxipedia.org and we will reply as quickly as possible
Page: Contact Us!

information about presentations or workshops, please contact FIHRI's Executive Director, Renee Dufault, at rdufault@phaccountability.org
Page: Contribute to Toxipedia!

you concerned about the effects of toxic chemicals on human health and the environment? If so, please share your knowledge and help educate people who share your concerns and are working to create a more healthy world.   Become an ...
Page: Copperhead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Agkistrodon contortix Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: (Weak coagulants coagulants) Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Corexit 9500

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Corexit 9527

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Corwin Hansch

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Corwin Hansch.pic.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Corwin Herman Hansch (October 6, 1918 May 8, 2011) was an Emeritus Professor of Chemistry at Pomona ...
Page: Cottonmouth

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Agkistrodon piscivorus Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Coumaphos

article has been tagged for development.\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Coumaphos is a selective selective pesticide organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides used to control a wide variety of insects ...
Page: COZY IN A NO CRIME TOWN

COZY IN A NO CRIME TOWN For a nickel, the town bus took me on the circuit from home to shopping and back with a furtive stop at Newberry's to buy pinktoned chapstick, forbidden to me. There's the curb on which I sat with Jan to smoke my first and last ...
Page: Crawford Long

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !CrawfordLong.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Crawford Williamson Long (November 1, 1815 June 16, 1878) was an American physician and pharmacist best known ...
Page: Create a Page

Overview This page explains how to create a page on Toxipedia and become a contributor Contribute to Toxipedia!. Also see our Writers Guidelines toxipedia:Writers Guidelines and general information on Toxipedia toxipedia:Toxipedia. If you have any questions as you proceed ...
Page: Crohn's Disease

Page: Cuyahoga River

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Cuyahoga.river.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !cuyahogafire.jpg thumbnail, align=right! At 11:56 am on June 22, 1969, an oil slick caught fire on the Cuyahoga ...
Page: Cyanide

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts: Environmental ...
Page: Cyanide Compounds

Contents # #Chemical Description # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Uses and Benefits # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts Physical ...
Page: Cyanuric Acid

Please add content on cyanuric acid
Page: Cyclohexane

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Cyclohexane (C6H12) is a naturally occurring chemical that is also produced synthetically and used as a solvent in numerous industries. Acute exposure to large doses can affect the nervous system, and cyclohexane is a mild eye and skin ...
Page: Cyclohexanol

article is tagged for development. Overview Cyclohexanol is a "high volume chemical" with over 1 million pounds is produced annually in the United States and is used as a solvent in a few industries. Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts ...
Page: Cyclohexene, 1 - methyl - 4 - (1 - methylethenyl) -, (4R) -

Overview !5989275.png! Uses Flavorings Fragrances Cosmetics Insecticide Insect and animal repellant Paint/varnish/oil remover Fruitscented lotions Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Suspected liver toxicant, kidney toxicant, neurotoxicant, respiratory ...
Page: Cyclosarin

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Leah Tait \\ Overview Cyclosarin is a highly deadly chemical warfare agent. It is a member of the highly toxic organophosphorus compound family.  Cyclosarin was not regarded as a high priority chemical warfare agent until ...
Page: Cyhalothrin

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Cyhalothrin was developed in 1977 as a pesticide pesticides to be used against animal, public, and agricultural pests including beetles, aphids, and butterfly larvae (#INCHEM). The exposure to humans is very low and not likely to be a real threat ...
Page: Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins)

Page: Czech Republic

Please see the WLT page for the Czech Republic http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/CzechRepublic

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Page: Dale A. Stirling

Dale A. Stirling, MA Review {}TXP1{} \\ Mr. Stirling is a historian who specializes in using history to help solve client issues related to natural resource management, environmental due diligence, and the preservation, protection, and promotion of public health. He currently ...
Page: Dan Becker

942511543799078871479360087304639284061726n.jpg align=left,width=179,height=134! Dan Becker's background is in health advocacy and science writing. Last summer, he interned at the Center for Health, Environment & Justice http://www.chej.org/about.htm, and is currently interning in NYC with the Blacksmith Institute ...
Page: Dangers In Our Home Mold and More

Dangers In Our Home Mold & More   © Copyright 2009 John A. McBride     Mold: Molds that grow indoors usually have no natural elements to hinder their growth. All mold needs to thrive is water and a food source. Cellulose ...
Page: Daniele Pisanello

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Daniele Pisanello Overview !Pisanello.pic.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Daniele Pisanello is a food lawyer. From 2005 to 2007 He was charged with the scientific planning and implementation of the Master in Food Law established ...
Page: Danielle Morvan

My name is Danielle Morvan and I am a graduating Environmental Science senior at the University Washington Tacoma. I greatly enjoy traveling, yoga, reading great novels, and writing. I hope to become a public health professional focusing on Environmental ...
Page: Darryl Duke

Overview Darryl Duke is a founding partner of Stepstone Technologies Inc. http://stepstonetech.com Since 1997, Stepstone has delivered custom information systems for its clients, with a focus on building simple and effective online communities. Previously he served as IT Director ...
Page: David C. Straus

David C. Straus, Ph.D. http://www.ttuhsc.edu/som/microbiology/faculty/facultyDetails.aspx?id=12 Professor Microbiology and Immunology TX Tech University Research Interest: Pathogenic bacteriology, role of bacterial endotoxins and exotoxins in disease; The microbiology of indoor and outdoor ...
Page: David G. Farrer

David G. Farrer works at in Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at Oregon State University. \\ \\ Articles Written by David G.Farrer Poorly Soluble Air Particles
Page: DDT

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Managing Group: Chemicals Group Overview !muller.gif thumbnail, align=left! !ddt strucuture.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Recognized as an insecticide insecticides by the Swiss scientist ...
Page: De Vis' banded snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Denisonia devisi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Eastern Australia ...
Page: December 1

1929 Louis Lewin, a German pharmacologist, died on this day. In 1886, he published the first methodical analysis of the Peyote cactus. 1941 United States Public Health Service banned the use of mercury in the felt industry previous day November 30 ...
Page: December 10

1896 Alfred Nobel died on this day, Swedish chemist, engineer, innovator, armaments manufacturer, and the inventor of dynamite. previous day December 9 next day December 11
Page: December 11

1843 Robert Koch, German physician, was born. He became famous for the discovery of the anthraxbacillus (1877), the tuberculosis bacillus (1882), and the cholera vibrio (1883) and for his postulates that define a causative relationship between a microbe and a disease. 1980 The Comprehensive Environmental Response ...
Page: December 12

1999 Oil tanker Erika MV Erika oil tanker sank in the Bay of Biscay, about 110 kilometers, off the coast of Brittany, France. About 400 kilometers of shoreline were polluted by the oil, impacting on the fisheries and tourism businesses. It is considered ...
Page: December 13

1204 Moses Maimonides (March 30, 1135December 13, 1204), a Jewish rabbi, physician, and philosopher who wrote the Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes, died on this day. 2006 REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals) was signed into law by the European Union. previous ...
Page: December 14

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Page: December 15

1852 Antoine Henri Becquerel henri becquerel, a French physicist and Nobel laureate who discovered radioactivity in 1896, was born on this day.  previous day December 14 \ next day December 16
Page: December 16

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day December 15 \ next day December 17
Page: December 17

1493 Paracelsus, often called the "father of toxicology," died on this day. 1963 The Clean Air Act Clean Air Act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson, partly in response to several incidences of air pollution such as the London Great Smog of 1955. previous ...
Page: December 18

1957 The Shippingport Atomic Power Station, "the world's first fullscale atomic electric power plant devoted exclusively to peacetime went on line. \\ previous day December 17 next day December 19
Page: December 19

1915 Alois Alzheimer died on this day. 1915 Phosgene Mustard Gas was first used as a Chemical Weapons in World War I the Germans at Ypres Salient. previous day December 18 next day December 20
Page: December 2

1942 Manhattan Project: A team led by Enrico Fermi initiated the first selfsustaining nuclear chain reaction. 1949 Green Run Green Run Hanford: A secret U.S. Air Force experiment at Hanford Nuclear Reservation (in Washington State) released ...
Page: December 20

1918 W. Eugene Smith, who documented the effects of mercury in Minamata, Japan, was born in Wichita, Kansas, USA. 1951 Nuclear Power was first harvested when Experimental Breeder ReactorI wanmec:Experimental Breeder ReactorI powered four light ...
Page: December 21

1921 John E. Franz, a research chemist for Monsanto who discovered the glyphosate class of herbicides in 1970, was born on this day. 1890 Hermann Joseph Muller born today, was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate (1946) known for his ...
Page: December 22

1850 Constantin Fahlberg, who first produced the artificial sweetener saccharin in 1878, was born on this day. 2008 The Tennessee coal sludge spill occurred at the Tennessee Valley Authority's Kingston Fossil Plant in Roane County, Tennessee. This was the largest spill of fly ...
Page: December 23

1936 Gerhard Schrader of the I. G. Farbenindustrie laboratory in Leverkusen, Germany first prepared nerve agent Tabun (ethyl dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate, GA). Tabun is the first nerve agent to be created. 1912 Anna J. Harrison, the first woman president of the American ...
Page: December 24

1745 Benjamin Rush, born today, a physician, writer, educator, and humanitarian, published the first American chemistry textbook. Rush was also the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania and a signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence. 2008 The U.S. Army destroyed the last ...
Page: December 25

1642 Sir Isaac Newton Isaac Newton (December 25, 1642March 20, 1726, or new style January 4, 1643March 31, 1727), English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, was born on this day. previous day ...
Page: December 26

1898 Marie Curie, FrenchPolish physicist and chemist, announced the isolation of Radium. previous day December 25 \ next day December 27
Page: December 27

1845 Ether anesthetic is used for childbirth for the first time by Dr. Crawford Williamson Long Crawford Long in Jefferson, Georgia, USA. previous day December 26 \ next day December 28
Page: December 28

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day December 27 \ next day December 29
Page: December 29

1970 Occupational Safety & Health Act Occupational Safety & Health Act signed by President Richard M Nixon, to prevent workrelated injuries, illnesses, and occupational fatalities. \\ \\ previous day December 28 \ next day December 30
Page: December 3

1984 Bhopal Disaster Bhopal Disaster: A methyl isocyanate leak from a Union Carbide pesticide plant in Bhopal, India, killed more than 3,800 people and injured 150,000600,000 others (some 6,000 of whom would later die from ...
Page: December 30

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it! previous day December 29 \ next day December 31
Page: December 31

1997 Quaker Oats settled a lawsuit involving the use of child subjects in radioactivity Radioactive Decay experiments circa 194556. previous day December 30 \ next day January 1
Page: December 4

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day December 3 \ next day December 5
Page: December 5

1952 London was overwhelmed by The Great Smog London Great Smog, also referred to as the Big Smoke, starting on December 5, 1952 and ending on December 9, 1952. 1933 The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which had established U.S. Prohibition ...
Page: December 6

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day December 5 \ next day December 7
Page: December 7

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day December 6 \ next day December 8
Page: December 8

1859 Thomas de Quincey, most famous for writing Confessions of an English Opium Eater, died on this day. 1953 "wanmec:Atoms for Peace" was the title of a speech delivered by U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower to the UN General Assembly in New ...
Page: December 9

1742 Carl Wilhelm Scheele Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who discovered elements including oxygen, barium, chlorine, and manganese, was born on this day. 1868 Fritz Haber, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development of synthetic ammonia ...
Page: Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !DeepwaterHorizonoffshorefire2010.jpg thumbnail,align=left! !DeepwaterHorizonfire.2010.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP Oil Spill, the Gulf of Mexico ...
Page: Deltamethrin

Overview Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid Pyrethroids pesticide pesticides that kills insects through dermal contact and digestion. It is applied for a range of commercial crops and recreational uses, and by extension controls a variety of pests. It was first synthesized in 1974, and since has been used ...
Page: demerol

Overview Demerol is the trade name for the manmade meperidine or pithidine. It, in certain parts, is structurally identical to morphine. It has analgesic properties and is often used in place of morphine. It is less effective, but it also is unlikely to cause nausea and is less addictive. It is used to treat severe ...
Page: Demeton

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Demeton is an organophosphate organophosphates pesticide pesticides and acaricide and insecticide insecticides and is ranked in the top 10% most ...
Page: Demorol

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Page: Dental Fluorosis

Overview Dental fluorosis is a defect of tooth development characterized by generalized white spots, brown stains and pitting of the enamel of the permanent teeth (Figure 1). Fluoride, ingested during the formation and maturation of tooth enamel, interferes with a number of cellular events, through ...
Page: Desert death adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Acanthophis pyrrhus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Devonshire Colic

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Devonshire Colic is an affliction caused by lead poisoning that affected the people of Devonshire, England throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The infirmity was the result !Cyderrebuttal.jpg thumbnail ...
Page: Devra Davis

Devra Lee Davis, Ph.D., MPH !devradavis.jpg thumbnail! Author of the widely acclaimed book, When Smoke Ran Like Water Book Resources: Tales of Environmental Deception and the Battle Against Pollution (Devra's web site http://www.whensmokeranlikewater.com/) (Basic ...
Page: Diacetyl

Overview Diacetyl is a yellow to green liquid or powder that is found in a variety of foods and beverages. It contributes to beer and wine and has a slick or slippery texture at low levels and a butterscotch flavor at higher levels. It is a natural byproduct from the conversion of glucose to ethanol by yeast ...
Page: Dianne Dickeman

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Dianne Dickeman Dianne Dickeman !Dianne.Dickeman.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Dianne Dickeman is a painter who lives and works in Seattle. She has been making art and exhibiting her work ...
Page: Diapers

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Disposablediaper.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The diaper, or nappy, has changed radically since its development in England in the 1590s. Washable diapers are usually made of cotton ...
Page: Diazinon

Lead Editor: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview Diazinon, first synthesized in 1953, is a nonsystemic organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides used to control cockroaches, silverfish, ants, and fleas in nonfood buildings (#ABCbirds.org ...
Page: Dibromochloropropane

article has been tagged for development. Overview Dibromochloropropane, also known as DBCP, is a nematicide Pesticide that was widely used agriculturally from 19551977 in the United States and was, at one time, the most heavily used pesticide pesticides in the US. DBCP was found to cause ...
Page: Dicamba

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Dicamba is a benzoic acid herbicide. It was registered with the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency in 1967 (#NPIC). Dicamba mimics the plant hormone auxin ...
Page: Dichloroacetic Acid

Overview Dichloroacetic Acid (DCA), also known as dichloroethanoic acid, is an analogue of acetic acid in which two of the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group have been replaced by chlorine atoms. It is prepared by the reduction of trichloroacetic acid. \\ Lead Editor ...
Page: Dichlorprop-p

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Dichlorprop is a chlorophenoxy class herbicide. It is also known as 2,4DP because of its chemical similarities to 2,4D toxipedia:2,4D. It was first registered with the EPA ...
Page: Dieldrin

Overview Dieldrin is an organochlorine insecticide insecticides that is structurally very similar to aldrin. aldrin quickly breaks down into dieldrin once it enters the atmosphere. Dieldrin was used in the U.S. from the 1950s until 1970 on crops such as corn and cotton, and widespread use ...
Page: Dietary Supplement Act

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 In the United States, a dietary supplement is defined under the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 199410 (DSHEA) as a product ...
Page: Dietary Supplements

National Library of Medicine Dietary Supplements Labels Database http://dietarysupplements.nlm.nih.gov now includes several interface improvements, more products, and an autocomplete (search) feature. The Dietary Supplements Labels Database includes information from the labels of over 3,000 ...
Page: Diethanolamine (DEA)

An ingredient found in many shampoos and other personal care products appears to interfere with normal brain development in baby mice when applied to the skin of pregnant mice, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill researchers have discovered. Contents ...
Page: Diethylene Glycol

article is tagged for development. Lead Editor:Sean Foley Lead Author:Sean Foley Overview Diethylene Glycol is a high volume solvent most commonly used as a coolant, though it serves numerous other industrial purposes. It has been responsible ...
Page: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview DES was first synthesized in early 1938 by Leon Golberg, then a graduate student of Sir Robert Robinson at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory at the University of Oxford. DES (in tablets ...
Page: Dimercaprol

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Page: Dimethoate

Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Dimethoate Use: insecticide Source: synthetic chemistry Recommended daily intake: none Absorption: dermal, inhalation ...
Page: dimethylmercury

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Dimethylmercury2.png thumbnail, align=right! Overview Dimethylmercury ((CH3)2Hg) is an organomercury compound. This colorless liquid is one of the strongest known neurotoxins. \\ References Dimethylmercury wikipedia ...
Page: Dine Nation Arsenic Risk Assessment

Arsenic Websites: NRDC:  http://www.nrdc.org/water/drinking/qarsenic.asp EPA:  http://www.epa.gov/safewater/arsenic/index.html Toxmetal: http://www.dartmouth.edu/toxmetal/research/projects/Arsenic.html A Small Dose of...: \ http://www.asmalldoseof.org/toxicology/arsenic.html \ http ...
Page: Dinoseb

article has been tagged for development.\ Dinoseb is a member of the dinitrophenal pesticides used extensively in central California. Its use was canceled in the United States in 1986. \\ \\ Contents # #Chemical Description # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Environmental Effects # #External Links # #References ...
Page: Dioscorides

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !dioscorides.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Pedanius Dioscorides was an ancient Greek physician, pharmacologist, and botanist who was famous for writing his five volume work De Materia ...
Page: Dioxin

Overview The term dioxin is commonly used to refer to a family of toxic chemicals that all share a similar chemical structure and a common mechanism of toxic action. This family includes eight of the chlorinated dibenzo dioxins (CDDs), ten of the polychlorinated dibenzo furans (PCDFs ...
Page: Dipentene

Overview !limonene.png! Dipentene is a terpene liquid, a class of hyrdocarbons produced by plants, that is colorless with a lemonlike odor. It is most commonly used as a solvent in a variety of products. It is a high production volume chemical with US annual production over 1,000,000 pounds. It is only known ...
Page: Diquat Dibromide

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Diquat dibromide is a nonselective, fastacting desiccant herbicide, which damages only the parts of a plant to which it is applied. It is used agriculturally and also has ...
Page: Discussion Forum

Overview This is our brand new discussion forum, that allows anyone from anywhere in the world to join the conversation about how to facilitate a healthier planet. Anyone is welcome to come in and join a #Current Discussion Topic merely by: 1. Registering for Toxipedia http ...
Page: Diseases and Disorders

Topic Pages on Specific Diseases and Disorders Amnesiac Shellfish Poison http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/AmnesicShellfishPoisoning(ASP) Arsenic Poisoning AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Black Death Botulism Brown Lung Disease toxipedia:Cancer  {}EXPANDED\! Aug ...
Page: DISPERSIT SPC 1000

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light

Uses Paint products Auto maintenance and cleaning products (wax, polish, paint, gloss) Home care protective coating Aerosol spray Charcoal Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance ...
Page: Distillates, petroleum, hydrotreated light

Overview Petroleum distillates are made from crude oil. Uses Distillates (petroleum), hydrotreated light is found in the following products: Oil Dispersants Toxipedia:Oil Dispersant Pesticides Charcoal Air Freshener Deodorizer Adhesive Car Wax Car Tire ...
Page: Disulfoton

nbsp;Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Kaitlin Mallory Managing Group: Chemicals Group \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Disulfoton Use: pesticide pesticides Source: synthetic chemistry Recommended daily intake: NONE Absorption ...
Page: DNA

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Page: Dolly Cloned Sheep

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Dollyscotland.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Dolly (July 5, 1996 February 14, 2003) was a female domestic sheep remarkable in being the first mammal to be cloned ...
Page: Domoic Acid

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview Domoic Acid is a naturally occurring excitatory neurotoxic neurotoxins amino acid produced by microscopic algae, specifically the diatom species Pseudonitzschia, that causes Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP ...
Page: Domoic Acid Poisoning in California

Contents # #Overview # #References \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview Sea Lions, whales, dolphins and other marine animals are being affected by Domoic Acid along the California coast from Monterey Bay around ...
Page: Donate

Toxipedia{} is a project of the toxipedia:The Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND) (INND), a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization supported by communities concerned about public health. Please contact the director, Steven Gilbert Contact (sgilbert@toxipedia.org), for more information. Thank ...
Page: Donations

Please donate\! The Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute filed its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State (SOS) in California on Friday, October 15, 2010.   This is the date the Articles of Incorporation were received by SOS representatives according to a signed ...
Page: Donations welcome!

http://foodingredient.info/benefitsofmembership/joinus.html Contributions to the Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute are tax deductible as we are exempt from Federal income tax under section 501 (c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code.  Please click on the link ...
Page: Donora smog

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !DonoraSmog1.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The 1948 Donora smog was a historic air inversion resulting in a wall of smog that killed 20 people and sickened 7,000 more ...
Page: Drug Poisoning and Overdose

Author: Aleksandra Buha Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Overview Drug poisoning can result from an overdose of either prescribed drugs or drugs that are bought over the counter, or it can be caused by drug abuse or drug interaction. The adverse ...
Page: Drugs and Pharmaceuticals

toxipedia:Acetaminophen toxipedia:Anthracyclines Aspirin Benzodiazepines Caffeine Calicheamicin Cocaine Codeine Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Drug Poisoning and Overdose Elixir Sulfanilamide Excedrin Heroin Hormonal Contraception LSD Marijuana Morphine Nicotine Opium Performance Enhancing Drugs toxipedia ...
Page: Duwamish Contamination Risk Assessment

Authors: Kevin Do and Tiana Nizamic Summary {}History{} The Duwamish River has played a key role in the industrial history of the Seattle area.  Serving as a site for many industrial processes, its flow helps aid in transportation and power for many ...

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Page: E-waste Risk Assessment

nbsp;Nick Ling & Danica Hill\\ Presentation Powerpoint:Ewaste Risk Assessment ewaste2.pptx.ppt A little background Ewasting can generally be explained as the recycling and breaking down of all sorts of electronic devices. These electronic devices contain circuit boards, switches ...
Page: Early Modern

Period Overview The people and events below are in alphabetical order. For a chronological list please see the {}Toxicology Timeline{} http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ToxicologyTimeline{}. The Early Modern Period spans the time from the Renaissance, beginning around the 14th century, to the Industrial ...
Page: Earth Charter

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Earth Charter is a declaration of fundamental values and principles for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. Created by a global consultation process, it is endorsed ...
Page: Earth Day

Topic editor:Sean Foley Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview Gaylord Nelson, a United States Senator from Wisconsin, called for an environmental teachin called Earth Day to be held on April 22, 1970. Over 20 ...
Page: Earthquake safety

EXTRACT FROM DOUG COPP'S ARTICLE ON THE: 'TRIANGLE OF LIFE' My name is Doug Copp. I am the Rescue Chief and Disaster Manager of the American Rescue Team International (ARTI), the world's most experienced rescue team. The information in this article will save ...
Page: East African Gaboon viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis gabonica Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Central ...
Page: Eastern bandy-bandy

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vermicella annulata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Eastern Australia ...
Page: Eastern brownsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Pseudonaja textilis Physical information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Pre and Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: Eastern coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ \\ Micrurus fulvius Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsnyaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and Myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Eastern diamondback rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus adamanteus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Pro and anticoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins and myotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Eastern green mamba

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Dendroaspis angusticeps Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Kenya to Mozambique ...
Page: Eastern small-eyed snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Rhinoplocephalus nigrescens Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Eastern Australia ...
Page: Eastern tigersnake

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Ebers Papyrus

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !papyrus.gif thumbnail,align=right! The Ebers Papyrus (approximately 1500 BCE), one of the two oldest maintained medical documents, preserved for us most extensive record of Egyptian ...
Page: Ecological Effects

growing concerns surrounding the residual effects of pesticide use extend to concerns related to the environment and natural systems. Pesticides and fertilizers perform the same whether they are on farm land or in a stream or forest, decreasing populations of animal species and invigorating growth. These impacts can ...
Page: Economics of Pesticide Usage

part of the oped Editorials portion of Toxipedia where experts contribute their thoughts about environmental and public health concerns. In the United States, $10 billion are spent on pesticides pesticides every year. This pesticide use saves around $40 billion on crops ...
Page: Edward Jukes & F. Bush

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !jukes.jpg thumbnail, align=left! In 1822 Edward Jukes and F. Bush simultaneously invented gastric lavage. They both experimented with the removal of opium and other poisons from the stomach ...
Page: Edward Palmer Thompson

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !EPThompson.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Edward Palmer Thompson (February 3, 1924 August 28, 1993), was an English historian, socialist and peace campaigner ...
Page: Effects of Pesticides on Human Health

Introduction Pesticides are designed to kill and because their mode of action is not specific to one species, they often kill or harm organisms other than pests, including humans. The World Health Organization http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/WorldHealthOrganization estimates that there are 3 million ...
Page: Egyptian cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja haje Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: EHN news feed

Environmental & Human Health News Review {}TXP1{} \\ Environmental Health News http://environmentalhealthnews.org/ General News Breaking stories Scientific studies \\ Environmental Health News http://environmentalhealthnews.org/ Toxicology News Breaking stories Scientific studies \\ Subject News ...
Page: Electron

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Page: Electronic Waste (E-Waste)

Author and Editor (including map): Maria M. Williams Overview The below, addressed to American consumers, is borrowed from Toxipedia's friends at the Basel Action Network http://www.ban.org. \\ "There is an ugly underbelly of economic globalization that few wish to talk about ...
Page: Elegant seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hydrophis elegans Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Elinor Kriegsmann

Elinor Kriegsmann retired from the profession of speech/language pathology several years ago. Her passion was to help children with complex speech and language disorders by teaching therapists and developing programs. Elinor was a clinical instructor at the City College of New York ...
Page: Elixir Sulfanilamide

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Aside from the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/PureFoodandDrugsAct%281906%29 and the Harrison Act of 1914 http://www.toxipedia.org ...
Page: Elliott Thoreby

tox.profile.jpg width=331,height=220! An intern now in Seattle, Elliott is currently at the University of Washington. He started out as a Biology major but has switched to Health Information Management and  is interested in scientific writing and research. Elliott enjoys cooking ...
Page: Email Toxipedia

Have a question? Email Toxipedia at questions@toxipedia.org
Page: Emil Fischer

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !fischer.gif thumbnail, align=left! Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 July 15, 1919), was a Nobel Prize winning German chemist who was the first ...
Page: Emile Zola

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !EmileZola2.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Émile François Zola (April 2, 1840 September 29, 1902) was an influential French writer, the most important ...
Page: Emilie W. Clemmens

Emilie W. Clemmens, PhD Review {}TXP1{} \\ A scientist with backgrounds in bioengineering and human physiology, Emilie Clemmens is also a published ethicist and currently serves as a Research Fellow for the Women's Bioethics Project, an organization dedicated to advancing the perspectives ...
Page: Emphysema

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Page: Endocrine Disruptors

Endocrine disruptors are chemicals that may interfere with the body's endocrine system and produce adverse developmental, reproductive, neurological, and immune effects in both humans and wildlife. A wide range of substances, both natural and manmade, are thought to cause endocrine disruption, including pharmaceuticals ...
Page: Endosulfan

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Kaitlin Mallory Katarina Lah Overview Endosulfan is an organochlorine http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Organochlorines insecticide http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Insecticides. This colorless solid has emerged ...
Page: Endrin

Overview Endrin is an organochlorine insecticide insecticides and rodenticide most commonly used on cotton, maize, and sugarcane. Endrin, a white, odorless substance, is lethal if ingested in large quantities, and has been outlawed in the United States since 1986 (#EPA Factsheet ...
Page: Energy Star

http://www.duke.edu/web/buygreen/EnergyStar.jpg! Energy Star is a joint program administered by the U.S. Department of Energy and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency. The program promotes energy efficiency in the home and at businesses by placing a recognizable star on products ...
Page: Enrico Fermi

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !EnricoFermi194349.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Enrico Fermi (September 29, 1901 November 28, 1954) was an Italian physicist most noted for his work ...
Page: ENV H 472-572 A - Environmental Risk

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND SOCIETY Take Home Final ENVH 472 FINAL EXAMrev1.docx Syllabus Class assignments Editorial Presentation Paper Topic Resources books, articles, web sites Interesting talks Class 1 January 5 Tuesday Gilbert ...
Page: ENVH 516 - Env & Occ Tox

Class Lectures and Readings General Tox Lecture General Tox 04.11.11.pptx Power Point 7 mgb Precautionary Principle NW.Public.Health.PP.2005.pdf pdf LDDI Scientific Consensus Statement LDDIStatement.07.07.08.pdf pdf LDDI Policy statement LDDIpolicystate708FIN.pdf pdf Lead Lecture ...
Page: Environmental & Human Health News

News Feeds Environmental Health News http://environmentalhealthnews.org/ Daily Toxicology News #toxnews Tox News by Topic #subnews Toxicology News (Topix) http://www.topix.net/med/toxicology Grist Magazine http://www.grist.org/ Environmental Research Foundation Rachel's ...
Page: Environmental Economics and True Costs

December 17, 2007 Economic/Environomental Costs Differ in the Long Run From the Short Run \\ What works in the short run often times costs society infinitely more in the long run. This is true with numerous environmental policies most notably ...
Page: Environmental Fate and Distribution

While significant research has looked at the impacts of pesticides on the environment, another research focus is examining how long these chemicals remain in the environment, perpetuating their negative effects. Often held in soils, particular pesticides that don't quickly degrade can pose ...
Page: Environmental Health

Definitions "If you want to learn about the health of a population, look at the air they breath, the water they drink, and the places where they live." Hippocrates, the Father of Medicine, in the Fifth Century BC. Definitions Environmental Health (home) How do you define Environmental ...
Page: Environmental Protection Agency

Topic editor:Sean Foley Lead author:Kaitlin Mallory Overview !EPAlogo.png thumbnail,align=right! The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was officially formed December 2, 1970 as a result of a law passed by the Nixon administration. The result was a defined ...
Page: ephedra

Ephedra Overview !Ephedrinsvg.png align=right! Ephedra, from the plant Ephedra sinica, has been used as a herbal remedy in traditional Chinese medicine for 5,000 years for the treatment of asthma and hay fever, as well as for the common cold. Known in Chinese as ma ...
Page: Ephedra Risk Assessment

Alyssa Vivas & Ashley Barlond Presentation: Ephedra PowerPoint Ephedra PowerPoint.pptx Ephedra PowerPoint Editorials & Letters: Barlond Ephedra Letter to Representative Barlond Ephedra Letter to Representative.doc Barlond Ephedra Letter to Representative Barlond Ephedra Editorial Barlond Ephedra ...
Page: Ephedrine Ban

Toxicological Perspective The FDA http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/FoodandDrugAdministration%28FDA%29 instituted a ban on ephedrine alkaloids in 2004. The ban prohibited the marketing of ephedrine containing alkaloids in dietary supplements and other substances not intended for prescribed medicinal use. The Federal ...
Page: Epigenetics

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Epigenetics – the genes but more Epiprecaution: When Doing No Harm Is Not Doing Your Best learn more Ethics of Epiprecaution Epi, means “upon”, "above", "in addition ...
Page: EPN

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Kaitlin Mallory \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: EPN Use: insecticide insecticides Source: Recommended daily intake: none Absorption: inhalation, dermal ...
Page: Ergot

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Ergot.wheat.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Ergot Outbreak (994 C.E.) The ergot fungus, when consumed, causes Gangrene. Over 40,000 people died from Gangrene when ...
Page: Erin Brockovich

Page: Estrogens

Natural steroid hormones as well as synthetic sex steroids are very potent endocrinedisrupting compounds. Gonadal Steroids Estrogens, androgens, and progestins are produced in male and female organisms as well, but in different amounts. Steroid hormones are lipophilic, fatsoluble molecules, which are mainly ...
Page: Estuary

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Background !estuary.jpg thumbnail! Structure Retrieved from Lumcon http://www.lumcon.edu/education/studentdatabase/estuary.asp An estuary is a "partly enclosed body of water" in which river water (fresh ...
Page: Ethanol, 2 - (2 - butoxyethoxy) -

Overview !112345.png! Uses Paint products Home cleaning products Hair coloring products Automotive products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a suspected neurotoxin, kidney toxin, cardiovascular/blood toxin, and reproductive toxin ...
Page: Ethanol, 2,2',2''- nitrilotris -

Overview !102716.png! Uses New and discontinued cleaning products Personal care creams, gels, sprays Pet sprays Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Exposure has been associated with asthma (hazmap) Burns can result ...
Page: Ethanol, 2,2'- iminobis -

Overview !111422.png! Uses Lubricants for textile production Agricultural chemicals Cosmetics Pharmaceuticals Automotive cleaning products Soaps Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Exposure associated with asthma (Hazmap) Listed as a kidney toxin in occuational settings ...
Page: Ethanol, 2- amino -

Overview !141435.png! Uses Dry cleaning detergent Lotions and creams Machining fluid used in automobile manufacturing Home cleaning products Hair coloring product Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Exposure is associated with asthma (hazmap) Should be treated ...
Page: Ethanol, 2-butoxy-

Overview !111762.png! Uses Aerosol paints, stains and paint products Automotive cleaning products Home cleaning products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a possible carcinogen (HSDB) While 2Butoxyethanol is not registered as a carcinogen, the New ...
Page: Ethical Considerations

Section Editor: Maria M. Williams Theoretically, ethics is concerned with moral principles and values. Practically, these principles and values inform a conceptual framework for decision making. Ethically responsible decisions, at individual and group levels, can go far to minimize society's ...
Page: Ethical Economics

Resources Seven Principles of LifeEnhancing Economics http://www.sehn.org/Volume96.html#a2: article by Nancy Myers published in The Networker (Vol. 9 No. 6), a newsletter of the Science and Environmental Health Network. Science and Environmental Health Network: Ethical Economics http://www.sehn.org ...
Page: Ethical Issues - Environmental Justice

Definitions !justice.jpg align=right! "Environmental justice is achieved when everyone, regardless of race, culture, or income, enjoys the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decisionmaking process to have a healthy environment in which to live ...
Page: Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Toxicology

Author: Steven G. Gilbert {}Also see our section on{} toxipedia:Ethical Considerations , covering topics such as environmental justice, ethical economics, the global ewaste trade, pesticide use in developing nations, and more\! Introduction !Air.pollution1.jpg thumbnail,align=right ...
Page: Ethics of Epiprecaution

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Doing no harm is not doing your best "Children have a right to an environment that ensures that they have the best opportunity to reach and maintain their full genetic potential ...
Page: Ethinylestradiol

Ethinylestradiol (EE2) is an orally bioactive estrogen http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Estrogens used in almost all modern formulations of combined oral contraceptive pills http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/HormonalContraception and is one of the most commonly used medications ...
Page: Ethiofencarb

article has been tagged for development.\ Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Kaitlin Mallory \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Ethiofencarb Use: insecticide Source: Recommended daily intake: none Absorption: Sensitive individuals: all ...
Page: Ethion

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Ethion is an organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides that is banned in numerous countries worldwide, though not such notable countries as Canada and Australia (#PAN Pesticide Registration Status). It was used widely in agriculture, mainly to control ...
Page: Ethoprop

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Ethoprop is a restricted and highly toxic organophosphate Toxipedia:organophosphates insecticide insecticides and nematacide nematicides that is banned in most countries but still used in the United States (#PAN Registration Status). Its works through ...
Page: Ethoxylated dodecanol

Overview !9002920.png! Uses Hair coloring products Personal cleaning products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as moderately toxic (HSDB) Contact with skin may cause irritation (HSDB) Harmful to dermal layer but not epidermal ...
Page: Ethyl Acetate

Overview Ethyl Acetate is a colorless liquid with a smell similar to glue or nail polish that is used as an industrial solvent. \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Ethyl Acetate Synonyms ...
Page: Ethyl Alcohol

Topic Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Trey Nelson Also see our longer article, A Small Dose of Alcohol. {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Ethyl Alcohol Molecular Formula: CH 3 CH 2 OH ...
Page: Ethylbenzene

Overview !ethylbenzene.png! Ethylbenzene is an organic compound most commonly used in the production of plastics. It is a clear liquid with an irritating odor similar to gasoline. Uses Ethylbenzene is found in the following products: Paints (Arts and Craft and Interior/Exterior Building) Pesticides ...
Page: Ethylene Dibromide

Overview Ethylene Dibromide is a naturally occurring (small amounts found in oceans) colorless liquid used in certain reactions. It used to be a common Pesticide but its use in this context was banned in 1984 by the US EPA Environmental Protection Agency. It is used sparingly today ...
Page: Ethylene Oxide (EtO)

page is from the P2RIC's SustainUpdates section from the University of NebraskaOmaha Author: Chad Wetzel http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ChadWetzel Overview Ethylene Oxide (EtO) http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s085ethy.pdf is a commonly used biocide both ...
Page: Ethylmercury

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts: Environmental ...
Page: Eugen Baumann

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !EugenBaumann.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Eugen Baumann (December 12, 1846 November 3, 1896) was a German chemist. He was one of the first people to create ...
Page: Eurasia

Vipers Northern cross adder (Vipera berus) Northern cross adder Orsini's meadow viper (Vipera ursini) Orsini's meadow viper European Nosehorned vipers European sand viper (Vipera ammodytes) European sand viper Lataste's viper ...
Page: European sand viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Vipera ammodytes Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins, Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human ...
Page: EUROTOX 2011

EUROTOX 2011 Overview The 47th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology was held at the Palais des Congrès (Porte Maillot, Paris, France) from the 28th to the 31st August 2011. There were 1481 attendees from over 50 countries, and over 200 ...
Page: Evil Wind

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !NyosLake.jpg thumbnail, align=right! In geology, a mazuku is a pocket of oxygenpoor air that can be lethal to any human or animal life inside. The term comes from ...
Page: Excedrin

Overview Excedrin is an overthecounter headache pain reliever, typically in the form of tablets or caplets. It contains acetaminophen, Aspirin, and caffeine. In June of 1986, Seattle area woman Stella Nickell was sentenced to 99 years in prison for killing her husband by lacing ...
Page: Expand and Deepen Member Engagement

Issue The Society is committed to providing the most effective and critical career resources to promote the professional advancement of each and every member, across all career stages. If members believe that they benefit directly from superior services, they also benefit indirectly through ...
Page: Export of Toxic Pesticides from Industrialized to Developing Nations

Quick Facts Banned Pesticides Being Sold in Developing Countries "There are many cases where highly hazardous pesticides, which are not permitted for use in industrialized countries, are exported to developing countries. For a pesticide to be banned, it has to be registered first. Some pesticide companies ...
Page: Exposure Limits

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Rick Gleason Overview The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has their Threshold Limit Values (TLV's). The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has their Recommended Exposure Limits ...
Page: Exstrophy Overview

Introduction As a group, the exstrophy anomalies range in severity from distal epispadias to cloacal exstrophy. These anomalies share consistent anatomic features due to the deformation that caused them. This group of congenital anomalies includes: • Classic bladder exstrophy • Epispadias • Cloacal exstrophy ...
Page: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !OilPoolFromValdezSpill.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview  On March 24, 1989 the oil tanker Exxon Valdez hit Bligh Reef spilling millions of gallons of oil into the enclosed Prince ...
Page: Eyelash palm-pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothrichis schlegelii Physical information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...

F
Page: False coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Erythrolamprus aesculapii Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: unknown, but mildly venomous Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: False horned viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Pseudocerastes persicus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: FDA Food Advisory Hearing Petition

March 22, 2011 Attn: Carolyn Jeletic FDA, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS 024), 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD 20740 RE: Link Between Consumption of Synthetic Color Additives ...
Page: Fea's viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Azemiops feae Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possible Anticoagulants coagulants, neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Featured Links

Featured Links The Pump Handle http://thepumphandle.wordpress.com/ overview \\ \\ The Angry Toxicologist http://scienceblogs.com/angrytoxicologist/ overview \\ \\ Defending Science http://www.defendingscience.org/ \\ \\ Desmogblog http://desmogblog.com/ \\ \\ Envirowonk http://envirowonk.com/ Environmental Politics \\ \\ Global Health Policy http://blogs.cgdev.org ...
Page: February 1

1923 Leaded lead gasoline was placed on sale in selected markets in the U.S. previous day January 31 \ next day February 2
Page: February 10

1846 Ira Remsen was born in New York City on this day. Remsen, who later moved to Germany, directed the laboratory where Constantin Fahlberg discovered Saccharin in 1879. 1878 Claude Bernard died on this day, studied the physiological action of poisons ...
Page: February 11

1981 100,000 gallons (380 m³) of radioactive radioactive decay coolant leaked into the containment building of TVA Sequoyah 1 Nuclear Plant in Tennessee, contaminating 8 workers. previous day February 10 \ next day February 12
Page: February 12

1777 Bernard Courtois, a French chemist who discovered iodine in 1811 and later isolated morphine, was born on this day. 2002 The US Secretary of Energy decided that Yucca Mountain is suitable as the United States' nuclear repository. previous day February 11 ...
Page: February 13

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Page: February 14

1949 The Asbestos Strike began in Canada. The strike marked the beginning of the Quiet Revolution in Quebec. 1961 Lawrencium was first synthesized at the University of California. 1989 Union Carbide agreed to pay $470 million to the Indian government for damages it caused in the 1984 Bhopal ...
Page: February 15

399 BC The philosopher Socrates was sentenced to death. 2000 The Indian Point II nuclear power plant in New York State vented a small amount of radioactive steam radiation when a steam generator failed. previous day February 14 ...
Page: February 16

1754 Richard Mead (August 11, 1673 February 16, 1754) died. Mead was an English physician who wrote A Mechanical Account of Poisons in Several Essays, the first Englishlanguage book dedicated to poisonous animals and plants. 1933 The Blaine ...
Page: February 17

2003 Steven Scott Bechler Steve Bechler, a Major League baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles in 2002, died at the beginning of spring training in 2003 after using the herbal supplement ephedra. previous day February 16 \ next day February ...
Page: February 18

2004 Up to 295 people, including nearly 200 rescue workers, died near Neyshabur Neyshabur Incident, Iran, when a runaway freight train carrying sulfur, petrol, and fertilizer caught fire and exploded. previous day February 17 ...
Page: February 19

1881 Kansas became the first U.S. state to prohibit all alcoholic beverages U.S. Prohibition. 1859 Svante August Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius born today, Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, illustrate the application of the methods ...
Page: February 2

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day February 1 \ next day February 3
Page: February 20

1841 Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner Friedrich Serturner, a German pharmacist who discovered morphine in 1805, died on this day. previous day February 19 \ next day February 21
Page: February 21

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day February 20 \ next day February 22
Page: February 22

1860 Catherine Deshayes Monvoisin (La Voisin) (16401680) Accused sorcerer and convicted poisoner in France. She was burned at the stake February 22, 1860 previous day February 21 \ next day February 23
Page: February 23

1954 Viktor Yushchenko born today is a former President of Ukraine, assassination attempt in August 2004, ingested hazardous amounts of TCDD: the most potent dioxin 1941 Plutonium was first produced and isolated by Dr. Glenn T. Seaborg. 1983 The Environmental Protection ...
Page: February 24

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day February 23 \ next day February 25
Page: February 25

1971 The first unit of the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station, the first commercial nuclear power station in Canada, went online. 1903 Gerhard Schrader, a German chemist specializing in the discovery of new insecticides, was born. Schrader is best known for his accidental ...
Page: February 26

1989 CBSTV's 60 Minutes aired the exposé "A is for Apple," which addressed the use of the pesticide alar on apples. 2010 The University of Delhi, India, auctioned a Gammacell 220 India Nuclear Scrap research irradiator containing cobalt60 to a scrap dealer. This caused ...
Page: February 27

1869 Alice Hamilton, MD, the founder of occupational medicine and the first female faculty member at Harvard Medical School, was born. 1879 The discovery of saccharin was announced. 1990 Exxon and its shipping company were indicted on five criminal counts for the Exxon ...
Page: February 28

1901 Linus Carl Pauling was born, an American chemist, peace activist, author, and educator. He was one of the most influential chemists in history and ranks among the most important scientists in any field of the 20th century. previous day February ...
Page: February 29

yyyy something toxic must have happend but what help us fill this in!! \\ \\ next day March 1
Page: February 3

1924 Edward Palmer Thompson, an English historian, socialist, and peace campaigner, was born on this day. previous day February 2 \ next day February 4
Page: February 4

1862 Bacardi Bacardi Rum, one of the world's largest spirits companies, was founded as a small distillery in Santiago de Cuba in eastern Cuba. 1936 Radium E. became the first radioactive radioactive decay element to be made synthetically. previous day ...
Page: February 5

1958 A B47 bomber wanmec:Lost Bomb off of Georgia Coast dropped a 7,000pound nuclear bomb (Mark 15) into the waters off Tybee Island, Georgia, USA, after it collided with another US Air Force jet. previous day ...
Page: February 6

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day February 5 \ next day February 7
Page: February 7

even has been entered. If you know of one, please enter it\! previous day February 6 \ next day February 8
Page: February 8

1928 The Geneva Protocol Geneva protocol took effect. previous day February 7 \ next day February 9
Page: February 9

1640 Murad IV Ghazi the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640 died, banned alcohol, tobacco, and coffee caffeine in Constantinople. He ordered execution for breaking this ban. previous day February 8 \ next day February 10
Page: February Newsletter

Toxipedia{} {}Update{}    \   {}February{} {}2009{} Featured Quote "A sensible guide would surely be to reduce exposure to hazard whenever possible, to accept substantial hazard only for great benefit, minor hazard for modest benefit, and no hazard ...
Page: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C) was passed by Congress in 1938 giving authority to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to oversee the safety ...
Page: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Lead author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert In the United States, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) was passed in 1947 and allowed the U.S. Department of Agriculture to regulate appropriate labeling of pesticides. Later the U.S. Food and Drug Administration was given ...
Page: Felice Fontana

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !tnfontana.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Felice Fontana (April 15, 1730 March 10, 1805), was an Italian physicist who discovered the water gas ...
Page: Fenbutatin Oxide

Authors: Allison Camp Overview                          &nbsp ...
Page: Fenitrothion

article has been tagged for development.\ Finitrothion is a contact organophosphate insecticide organophosphates that has been used since 1959 to control insects on rice, cereals, fruits, vegetables, stored grains, cotton, in forests and for fly, mosquito, and cockroach control in public ...
Page: Fensulfothion

article has been tagged for development.\ Fensulfothion (O,OdiethylO(4(methylsulfinyl)) phosphorothioate) is a toxic organophosphate insecticide organophosphates and nematicide. Contents # #Chemical Description # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Environmental Effects # #External Links # #References\\ Topic editor: Sean ...
Page: Fensulphothion

Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Debelopment # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts ...
Page: Fenthion

article has been tagged for development.\ Fenthion, formerly called DMTP, is a contact and systemic organothiophosphate insecticide Organophosphates used against many sucking and biting pests (#EXTOXNET). \\ Contents # #Chemical Description # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Environmental Effects # #Regulation ...
Page: Fentrothion

Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Debelopment # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts ...
Page: Fenvalerate

article has been tagged for development.\ Fenvalerate is a nonleaching nonvolatile pyrethroid insecticide Pyrethroids, similar to permethrin though much more degradable (#Cornell University). It is moderately toxic to mammals and is composed of four isomers that all have different insecticidal activities ...
Page: Fernando Remião

Authors: Fernando Remião !remiao.jpg width=102,height=150,align=left! Overview Fernando Remião is a Professor at Toxicology Department of Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Porto (Portugal). He finished his graduation course in Pharmaceutical Sciences and his PhD in Toxicology in the same ...
Page: Ferreira da Silva

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Ferreira.da.sulva.png thumbnail, align=right! António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva was born Oliveira de Azemeis, July 28, 1853, near the city of Porto ...
Page: Ferreira da Silva - THR

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Ferreira.da.sulva.png thumbnail, align=right! António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva was born Oliveira de Azemeis, July 28, 1853, near the city of Porto ...
Page: Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) describes the range of abnormalities in children born to mothers who consumed alcohol (Ethyl Alcohol) during pregnancy and is a lifelong disability involving considerable personal and social costs. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most ...
Page: Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

see Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD
Page: FIHRI Mission Statement

FIHRI Mission Statement (August 15, 2010) It is the mission of the Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute to: Promote and support research, development and education in the field of food ingredient safety for the purpose of disease prevention; Solicit and distribute funding to determine the contaminant load ...
Page: FIHRI Statement of Purpose

FIHRI Statement of Purpose (August 15, 2010) About the Institute Our belief that every life has equal value is at the core of our work at the institute. We believe that exposure to toxic contaminants through consumption of food and supplements may cause ...
Page: Fiji burrowing snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Ogmodon vitianus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Viti Levu ...
Page: Fipronil

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Fipronil is a phenylpryazole insecticide that was registered for use in 1996 (#NPIC). It is a nervous system disruptor effective on contact or ingestion. Fipronil is often used to treat ...
Page: First Lightning

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !First Lightning bomb.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !First Lightning mushroom.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Lightning was the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test ...
Page: Flame-Retardants

Authors: Allison Camp Overview Common Flame Retardants Polybrominated Diethyl Ethers (PBDEs) Polybrominated Diethyl Ethers (PBDEs) Chlorinated Tris (TDCPP) Chlorinated Tris (TDCPP) TCEP Uses History and Regulation Routes of Exposure and Metabolism Safer Alternatives ...
Page: Flea Dip

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Amanda Justice Chemical Description There are many different Chemicals List and combinations of chemicals in different brands of flea dip. For example, some brands contain rotenone, which is known to be toxic in high levels ...
Page: Flixborough Disaster

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Flixborough.disaster.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Flixborough disaster was an explosion at a chemical plant close to the village of Flixborough (near Scunthorpe), North Lincolnshire, England, on June ...
Page: Fluoride

Fluoride is the ionic form of fluorine. Some common forms compounds are hexafluoric acid, sodium fluoride, and calcium fluoride. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Phuong Lien Nguyen Uses Although fluoride naturally ...
Page: Fluoride Content in Tea

Introduction Camellia sinensis, the tea plant, produces what can be called "true teas" such as green, black, and oolong (#Parkinson). Accumulation of fluoride in the tea plant comes from its natural ability to absorb fluoride from surrounding soil. It is estimated ...
Page: Fluoride Controversy

Overview Fluoride is the 13th most naturally abundant mineral on earth. It is naturally present in all water supplies and is heavily mined as well. Though it is present in domestic water sources, governments in the United States and in many other places throughout the world began ...
Page: Fluorine

Overview Flourine is a univalent pale yellow poisonous gas at room temperature that readily forms compounds with most elements. It is the most chemically reactive and electronegative of all elements. \\ \\ It is often added to toothpaste and municipal water supplies because it is elemental to producing strong ...
Page: Fonofos

article has been tagged for development.\ Fonofos is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide organophosphates whose use has been discontinued in both the USA and Canada (#PMRA, 2000). It was used primarily on corn, but was also applied to sugar cane, peanuts, tobacco ...
Page: Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

nbsp;Overview Formed to regulate the content and safety of consumer drugs and food, the FDA was established as a government agency in 1930. Some of the specific functions of the FDA are regulating data on food labels, overseeing clinical trials for new drugs and investigating consumer complaints ...
Page: Football head injury

Football is toxic to the head !Brain.trama.png align=right! A warning in The Journal of the American Medical Association: "There is a very definite brain injury due to single or repeated blows on the head or jaw which cause multiple concussion hemorrhages. ... The condition can no longer be ignored ...
Page: Forest cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja melanoleuca Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Formothion

article has been tagged for development.\ Formothion is a systemic and contact organophosphate insecticide organophosphates that is used sparingly on numerous small insects (#EXTOXNET). It is one of the least toxic of all the organophosphates (#TOXMAP). \\ \\ Contents # #Chemical Description # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Environmental ...
Page: Fowler's Solution

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Fowler.solution.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Fowler's Solution is a potassium arsenic Toxipedia:Arsenic, A Small Dose of solution that was prescribed as a general tonic from about 1786 ...
Page: Fracking

overview see Hydraulic Fracturing
Page: France

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: Frances Oldham Kelsey

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Kelsey.Frances.png thumbnail! !Thalidomide photogirl.jpg thumbnail! !F.Kelsey.jpg thumbnail! Overview Frances Oldham Kelsey, PhD, MD is a naturalized American pharmacologist, born July 24, 1914 ...
Page: Franck Canorel

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Franck Canorel Overview !Franck Canorel pic 06.21.11.png thumbnail,align=right! Franck Canorel is graduate of the School of Public Health of Nancy France (Faculty of Medicine), holder of a diploma of third ...
Page: Francois Magendie

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Magendie.jpg thumbnail, align=left! François Magendie (October 6, 1783 October 7, 1855) was a French physiologist, considered a pioneer in experimental physiology. Born in France, Magendie ...
Page: Frederick Berman

Authors:Frederick Berman !Frederick.Berman.jpg thumbnail, align=left! General Information Frederick Berman, DVM, PhD http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/research/centersinstitutes/croet/faculty/profiles.cfm?facultyID=560 Director, Toxicology Information Center The Center for Research on Occupational ...
Page: French Milestones

French Translation of Milestones of Toxicology Repères historiques et découvertes qui ont façonné les sciences toxicologiques !Copie de Milestones.poster.French.p1.sm.01.24.12.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Milestones of Toxicology poster was translated into French by Franck Canorel, Ph.D., at vacataire à ...
Page: Frequently Asked Questions

What is Toxipedia? Toxipedia is a project of the Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND) that aims to become the comprehensive source of verifiable, edited content on all matters related to public and environmental health. How do I become a member? Go to the Contribute Contribute ...
Page: Friedrich Gaedcke

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Friedrich Gaedcke (June 5, 1828 September 19, 1890) was a German chemist. He was first to isolate cocaine in 1855 from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca ...
Page: Friedrich Serturner

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !friedrichserturner.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner (June 19, 1783 in Neuhaus (near Paderborn), February 20, 1841 in Hamelin) was a German ...
Page: Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !WilhelmOstwald.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (September 2, 1853 April 4, 1932) was a Baltic German chemist. He received the Nobel ...
Page: Friends

Friends of Toxipedia are organizations, agencies, and businesses that are working to promote public and environmental health and create a more sustainable world. These groups have voluntarily joined us as friends in an effort to provide mutual support and spread the word about the projects being ...
Page: Friends of Toxipedia Guidelines

Friends of Toxipedia Benefits: Announcement of partnership in our monthly newsletter that reaches over 4,000 contacts from around the world. Connect with scientists and researchers from the around the world. Listing on our website as a supporting partner and link to your organization website ...
Page: Fritz Haber

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !FritzHaber.png thumbnail, align=right! Fritz Haber (December 9, 1868 January 29, 1934) received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his development ...
Page: Fungicides

Name: Fungicides Use: kill fungus Source: synthetic chemistry, plants Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: intestine, inhalation, skin Sensitive individuals: fetus, children, elderly Toxicity/symptoms: nerous system, range of problems depending ...
Page: Furans

page is in development Overview Furans (short form for (poly)chlorinated dibenzofurans) are produced unintentionally from many of the same processes that produce dioxins, and also during the production of PCBs. They have been detected in emissions from waste incinerators and automobiles. Furans ...

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Page: Gagney, Aileen

Aileen Gagney, Asthma and Environmental Health Program Manager, has a Master Degree in Architecture and a Master Degree in Fine Arts. She is a former designer/general contractor and presently operates her own residential inspection business in Seattle. She has ...
Page: Gangrene

Overview Gangrene is the necrosis and later decay of body tissues. It is caused by an infection of the tissues or thombrosis or a ceasing of blood flow. It is often caused by a combination of injury or poor blood flow with bacterial contamination. The best treatment is a restoring of the blood flow (revasculation ...
Page: Garbage - Rethinking the Need for Bags

Nancy S. Alton March 2009 \\ \\ Garbage brings out my inner cheapskate. I can't recall the last time I bought garbage bags to house the waste my family creates on a daily basis. It's ugly to admit I have ...
Page: Garrett Hardin

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !GarrettHardin.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !garretthardinwife.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Garrett Hardin (April 21, 1915 September 14, 2003) was trained as a microbiologist but was an influential ecologist most ...
Page: Gaylord Nelson

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !GaylordNelson.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Gaylord Anton Nelson (June 4, 1916 July 3, 2005) was a Democratic American Senator from Wisconsin who ...
Page: General Health

active chemicals found in pesticides have been studied extensively to examine their impact on human health. Ties between pesticide exposure among applicators as well as the general public incidences of health issues have been correlated. The impacts of pesticide exposure ...
Page: Genetic Toxicology and the Biology of Cancer

Genetic toxicology is the study of the effects of chemical and physical agents on genetic material. It includes the study of DNA damage in living cells that leads to cancer, but it also examines changes in DNA that can be inherited from one generation to the next. Genetic toxicology, although ...
Page: Genetically Modified Foods

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Michelle Gaither \\ These may be more prevalent than you realize. Hot dogs and protein bars with genetically modified (GM) soy protein, yogurt made with rbGHinjected (a genetic growth hormone) milk ...
Page: Geneva Protocol

article is tagged for development. Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Geneva.con.gif thumbnail, align=right! !Mustardgasburns.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases ...
Page: Georgi Ivanov Markov

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !GeorgiMarkov.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Georgi Ivanov Markov (March 1, 1929 September 11, 1978) was a Bulgarian dissident. Markov originally worked as a novelist ...
Page: Gerhard Schrader

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Schrader.gif thumbnail, align=left! Dr. Gerhard Schrader (February 25, 19031990) was a German chemist who specialized in the discovery of new insecticides. He hoped ...
Page: German Milestones

Greman Translation of Milestones of Toxicology Lehren aus der Geschichte: Meilensteine in der Toxikologie !Milestones.poster.Deutsch.vsm.p1.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Milestones of Toxicology poster was translated into German by Christoph Wilhelm, Ph.D., University of Konstanz, Germany in April 2012. He directs ...
Page: Gertrude Bell

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !GertrudeBell.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell CBE (July 14, 1868 July 12, 1926) was a British writer, traveler, political ...
Page: Ginger Jake

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview In 1929, due to the large amount of alcohol bootlegging during prohibition in the United States, the production of bootleg drinks was never regulated. During Prohibition, people consumed a homemade ...
Page: Glenn T. Seaborg

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Seaborg.Glen.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Glenn Theodore Seaborg (April 19, 1912 February 25, 1999) won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries ...
Page: Global Justice

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Background \\ Toxicological Perspective \\ Earth Decleration The Earth Charter is a declaration of fundamental principles for building a just, sustainable, and peaceful global society in the 21st century. It seeks to inspire ...
Page: Glossary

Glossary of Toxicology Terms Due to the size of the glossary, it has been broken into two sections: AJ KZ
Page: Glycine, N,N'- 1,2- ethanediylbisN-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1.4)

Overview !64028.png! Uses Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and sodium oxides (HSDB) In a study on the toxicity of the chemical to cells, there was found to be a correlation to dose of the chemical and decreased ...
Page: Glyphosate

Overview Glyphosate is a widely used nonselective herbicide herbicides and is the active ingredient in various commercial formulations, most famously as the active ingredient in Roundup manufactured by the Monsanto Company. John E. Franz in 1970, discovered the glyphosate class of herbicides while working ...
Page: GO, BOMBERS, GO! NUKE UM

GO, BOMBERS, GO! NUKE UM by Bill Witherup Sixty years after TrinityHiroshimaNagasaki there is yet a high school in eastern Washington state that has for its sports teams mascot an atomic bomb. The high school is Richland High School ...
Page: Godman's montane pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Cerrophidion godmani Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins, myotoxins and possibly cytotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human ...
Page: Goiânia accident

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Goiania.accident.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Goiânia accident was a radioactive contamination accident in central Brazil that killed 4, injured 28, and produced over 200 cases ...
Page: Gold Mining

page is tagged for development and cleanup. Gold Mining Facts A single gold ring leaves in its wake at least 20 tons of mine waste Dirty Gold http://www.nodirtygold.org/pubs/20TonsMemoFINAL.pdf. Metal mines in the US produced 46 percent of toxic ...
Page: Gold's tree cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Pseudohaje goldii Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Central ...
Page: Golden crowned snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Cacophis squamulosus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Eastern Australia ...
Page: Golden Lancehead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothrops insularis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human ...
Page: Google Maps on Toxipedia

maps below can also be accessed through the relevant topic pages, which we encourage you to explore: Advocacy Organizations Electronic Waste (EWaste) Pesticide Use in Developing Nations US Toxic Sites & Resources Please help us ...
Page: Grand Duke of Tuscany Francesco's Death

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Introduction Speculation has surrounded the cause of death stated to be due to malaria, but many believe it was due to acute arsenic poisoning \ of Grand Duke of Tuscany Francesco I de' Medici ...
Page: Grand Rapids first use

New York January 25 Sixtythree years ago, January 25, 1945, sodium fluoride was slowly poured into Grand Rapids, Michigan's public water supply to prove that fluoridation reduces children's tooth decay. Nearby Muskegon was left fluoridationfree ...
Page: Grant Information

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Environmental Education Grants US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) http://www.epa.gov/enviroed/grants.html: The Grants Program sponsored by EPA's Environmental Education Division (EED), Office of Children's ...
Page: Great lakes bushviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Atheris nitschei Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: East ...
Page: Great Smog of 1952

Great Smog of 1952 Review {}TXP1{} \\ Contents 1. Toxicological Perspective #toxicological \\ 2. Biography #biography \\ 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ Toxicological perspective \\ Biography \\ Internal Links \\ References ...
Page: Greece

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: Greek Fire

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !greekfire.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Greek Fire (also known as Byzantine Fire) was the ancient precursor to the modern Napalm and was first used in battles in the late seventh century. Greek ...
Page: Green Chemistry

What Is Green Chemistry? " {}Green chemistry{} is the utilization of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products." Paul T. Anastas and John C. Warner, Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice (Oxford University ...
Page: Green Run - Hanford

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Hanford.I131.exposuremap.gif thumbnail, align=left! "Green Run" refers to a secret U.S. Air Force experiment at Washington State's Hanford Nuclear Reservation that released somewhere ...
Page: Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS)

Overview Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) is a malady that afflicts workers harvesting tobacco: nicotine is absorbed through the skin when handling wet tobacco leaves. Workers have reported symptoms of nausea, vomiting, weakness, dizziness, headache, and, depending on the amount ...
Page: Greenhouse Effect

Topic editor:Maria M. Williams Author:Aleksandra Buha Greenhouse Effect: History Svante Arrhenius (18591927) was a Swedish scientist who was the first to claim in 1896 that fossil fuel combustion may eventually result in enhanced global warming. He ...
Page: Gregory Wyche

n9002348372518036006.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Gregory Wyche is a graduate of the University of Connecticut, where he studied Environmental Science, with a concentration in Geoscience. After graduating, he spent several months with the Fish & Wildlife Service at Okefenokee Swamp in Georgia, observing wildland ...
Page: Grey-headed snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Furina tristis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable Procoagulants coagulants, neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Gross National Product Quote - Robert F. Kennedy

gross national product includes air pollution and advertising for cigarettes, and ambulances to clear our highways of carnage. It counts locks for our doors, and jails for the people who break them. "The gross national product includes the destruction of the redwoods and the death of Lake ...
Page: Groups

Groups" are just that. Groups of different highly qualified individuals with access to the pages in which they are expert. The goal of Toxipedia is to have numerous different groups The Metals Group, The Pesticides Group, The Tox Historian Group, etc. each charged with editing the pages within ...
Page: Gu

Overview The "Gu" was a common poison in ancient China. It was made by placing venomous animals into a large pot together. These animals included snakes, toads !TangDynPot.jpg thumbnail,align=right!, scorpions, spider, and centipedes. After a period of time passed, the pot was opened ...
Page: Guianan slender coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Leptomicrurus collaris Basic Information Venom name: Type of Toxin: Postsynaptic neurotoxin Neurotoxins and Myotoxin Myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption ...
Page: Guilia Tophania

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Guilia Tophania or Giulia Tofana or Toffana (16351719) was a supplier of poison poisons to wives who wanted to be widows. She was executed later on by strangulation and to stop the murder incidents ...
Page: Gula

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !gulon.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Gula was the consort of the powerful Babylonian God Ninib and was known as the Goddess of Healing by the ancient Mesopotamians. Also known as "The Lady who ...

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Page: Haemorrhagins

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Page: Halabja Poison Gas Attack

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Halabja1.Iraq.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Halabja poison gas attack began on the evening of March 16, 1988 during the IranIraq War. Chemical weapons were ...
Page: Half Life

Overview The halflife of a quantity of material subject to exponential or radioactive decay is the amount of time required for the material to decay to half of its original value
Page: Hand Sanitizers

page is from the P2RIC's SustainUpdates section from the University of NebraskaOmaha Author: Chad Wetzel http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ChadWetzel Overview Hand Sanitizers are a type of hand antiseptic that are used as an alternative to supplement hand washing with soap and water ...
Page: Hanford Leaking Tanks and Plumes Risk Assessment

ADVOCACY GROUPS: \http://www.hanfordchallenge.org/\ Hanford Challenge\ \http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/hanford/\ Physicians For Social Responsibility\ \http://www.hanfordwatch.org/\ Hanford Watch\ \\ {}WEBSITES: Hanford Remediation at 20 Years: A Glass HalfEmpty Hanford Leaking Tanks and Plumes Risk ...
Page: Hardy Limeback

Biography \\ Articles Written by Hardy Limeback Recognition and Management of Fluoride Toxicity
Page: Harmful Health Effects From Consumption of Certain Food Ingredients

Harmful health effects can result from the consumption of food ingredients that lead to alterations in epigenetic functioning.  Epigenetics refers to the study of how genes are regulated or expressed by methyl donating nutrients such as folic acid, B vitamins and SAMe, a form ...
Page: Harrison Narcotics Tax Act

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert This page has been tagged for development. Overview William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 July 26, 1925) was the chief proponent of the Harrison Narcotics Tax ...
Page: Harvey W. Wiley

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !H.W.Wiley.gif thumbnail, align=left! Harvey Washington Wiley (October 30, 1844 June 30, 1930) Supported by the Department of Agriculture's chief Chemist Harvey W ...
Page: Hawk's Nest Incident

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Hawks Nest Tunnel Disaster involved injuries and deaths as the result of the construction of the Hawks Nest Tunnel near Gauley Bridge, West Virginia. This project is considered to be one ...
Page: Hawley Crippen

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Crippen.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Hawley Harvey Crippen (September 11, 1862 November 23, 1910), usually (and erroneously) known as Dr. Crippen, was an ...
Page: Hazard Rankings

Acute Toxicity {}World Health Organization (WHO) Acute Hazard Rankings{} The WHO bases its ratings on the lowest published rat oral LD50, the lethal dose (in milligrams of substance per kilogram of body weight) that kills 50% of the test animals ...
Page: HEALTH CONCERNS ABOUT MERCURY

Mercury in the Environment http://my.epri.com/portal/server.pt?open=514&mode=2&objID=218874 What You Need to Know About Mercury in Fish and Shellfish http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/dms/admehg3.html
Page: Health Effects of Alcohol

any measure, alcohol has an enormous impact on our society: it contributes to at least 100,000 premature deaths, and economic costs are estimated to be over $275 billion a year, including medical expenses, lost worker productivity, automobile accidents, and crime ...
Page: Health Effects of Lead

Lead is one of the most intensively studied hazardous agents of the twentieth century. The more toxicologists and other researchers investigated the health effects of lead, the more they realized that even very low levels of lead exposure were hazardous (Gilbert and Weiss, 2006 ...
Page: Health Effects of Plant Toxins

nbsp; This content is adapted from Chapter 17, An Introduction to the Health Effects Animal and Plant Toxins, from A Small Dose of Toxicology by Steven G. Gilbert. Author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert\\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams !394pxDieffenbachiadaguensisDPR.png ...
Page: Heather Gingerich

Biography Articles Written by Heather Gingerich Recognition and Management of Fluoride Toxicity
Page: Heidi Siegelbaum

Heidi Siegelbaum is a principal for Calyx Sustainable Tourism http://www.calyxsite.com, which builds capacity for sustainable tourism in Washington State and the Pacific NW Bioregion. She is deeply committed to chemical and toxics reform, having starting her environmental career as an ...
Page: Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !HeinrichCorneliusAgrippa.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim (September 14, 1486 February 18, 1535) was a German magician, occult writer, theologian ...
Page: Heinrich Hoffman

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !H.Hoffmann.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Heinrich Hoffman (June 13, 1809 September 20, 1894) was a German psychiatrist, born in FrankfurtamMain and studied at Halle; after graduating ...
Page: Heinrich Khunrath

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert  Overview Heinrich Khunrath (circa 1560\September 9, 1605), or Dr Henricus Khunrath as he was also called, was a famous physician, Hermetic philosopher, and alchemist ...
Page: Helena Carmo

Authors: Helena Carmo !hcarmo.jpg width=156,height=182,align=left! Overview Helena Carmo is a Professor in the Toxicology Department of Faculty of Pharmacy at University of Porto (Portugal). She finished her graduation course in Pharmaceutical Sciences and her PhD in Toxicology in the same ...
Page: Henri Becquerel

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !HenriBecquerel.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Antoine Henri Becquerel (December 15, 1852 August 25, 1908) was a French physicist, Nobel laureate, and one of the discoverers of radioactivity. In 1896 ...
Page: Henri Victor Regnault

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !HenriVictorRegnault.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Henri Victor Regnault (July 21, 1810 January 19, 1878) was a French chemist and physicist best known for his ...
Page: Heptachlor

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview Heptachlor is a nonsytemic stomach and contact organochlorine organochlorines insecticide insecticides first synthesized in 1946 and banned in 1988 (#EXTOXNET and #ATSDR Public Health Statement). It was used extensively ...
Page: Herbert Desel

Herbert Desel grew up in Immenhausen, Hessen, (in the middle of) Germany. Education  He graduated in Chemistry in 1982 and received a PhD degree 1985 with scientific work dealing with molecular processes of signal transduction in vision studied with spectroscopic methods. In 1992, he ...
Page: Herbicides

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Introduction Herbicides, also referred to as weedkillers, are pesticides used to kill unwanted plants. Herbicides account for about 69% of all pesticide use in the United States, where they are used on around ...
Page: Hermann Joseph Muller

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Hermann Joseph Muller.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Hermann Joseph Muller (December 21, 1890 April 5, 1967) was an American geneticist, educator ...
Page: Heroin

Heroin is a semisynthetic opiod Opium that was derived from the morphine molecule. It was initially marketed as the "herodrug", hence the name heroin, and was supposedly free of the sideeffects that accompanied morphine. Today it is one of the most widely used addictive drugs
Page: Heroine

HEROINE Review {}TXP1{} \\ \\ Contents 1. Toxilogical Perspective #toxilogical perspective \\ 2. Discovery and Development #discovery 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ \\ TOXILOGICAL PERSPECTIVE \\ DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT \\ INTERNAL LINKS ...
Page: Hexachlorobenzene

Lead Editor: Katarina Lah\\ \\ Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview !554pxHexachlorobenzene3DvdW.png thumbnail,align=right! Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) is a fully chlorinated industrial hydrocarbon chemical. It is insoluble in water, but is very soluble in fat, oils, and organic solvents. Hexachlorobenzene is one ...
Page: Hexachlorophene

Overview Hexachlorophene is a chemical used in numerous products, including pesticides and as an antiseptic agent. It is acutely toxic and animal studies have shown it to have negative chronic health effects as well. In France in 1972, 36 children died after being ...
Page: Hexane

Overview Hexane, whose chemical structure is CH 3 (CH 2 )CH 3 , is an organic solvent made of crude oil that has numerous industrial uses (#ATSDR ToxFAQs and #National Center for Environmental Research). Hexane is a neurotoxicant neurotoxins ...
Page: Hieronyma Spara

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Using arsenic A Small Dose of Arsenic to poison poisons their victims, Roman women & fortune teller, Hieronyma Spara formed Spara's secret organization in Rome ...
Page: High Production Volume (HPV) Chemicals

Contributing Editor: Starin McKeen High Production Volume (HPV) chemicals are those produced or imported in volumes greater than 1 million pounds. Approximately 4.7% of chemicals (3,300 chemicals out of approximately 70,000) are used in such significant quantities. There are no estimates ...
Page: Highlights in the History of Toxicology

Overview !Highlights.Poster 01.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Highlights.Poster 02.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The history of toxicology brims over with fascinating myths and legends, scientific milestones and innovations, and seminal documents. No more than a soupçon are covered here. From antiquity ...
Page: Hilary Karasz

Contents # #Background # #Pages Written # #Groups # #Pages Edited \\ insert picture Background insert background information here \\ Pages Written xxx \\ \\ Groups \\ Pages Edited
Page: Himalayan pitviper

gloydius himalayanus.jpg! (Himalayan Pitviper, 2003) #References \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley ...
Page: Hippocrates

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Hippocrates, Greek physician, (460377 BC), has been dubbed "the father of modern medicine" and is widely considered one of the outstanding figures ever in the field of medicine. His writings ...
Page: Hiroshima

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert HIROSHIMA, JAPAN !hiroshima2f.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Hiroshima.Atomiccloud.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On August 6, 1945 the first of 2 atomic bombs atomic bomb was dropped ...
Page: History and Perspectives on Lead

History of Lead by Gerald Markowitz, PhD and David Rosner, PhD !DeceiitDenial.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Deceit and Denial: The Deadly Politics of Industrial Pollution (California/Milbank Books on Health and the Public) Paperback (Sept. 15, 2003) by Gerald Markowitz and David ...
Page: History of Lead Use

220pxLeadpipeBath.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Significant production of lead began about 3000 BC, and large mines in Spain and Greece contributed to the global atmospheric redistribution of lead. The Roman Empire was the first society to use lead widely; in fact, the word plumbing ...
Page: History of Toxicology

Overview Throughout the ages, toxicological science has provided information that has shaped and guided society. Undertakings as diverse as the healing arts, war, agriculture, and regulation and policymaking all have their groundings in toxicology. Toxipedia's History of Toxicology section provides users ...
Page: Holly Hatfield

Holly E. Hatfield Student at King College Major: Neuroscience Minor: Chemistry Future Goals: Obtain M.D. Sports: Varsity Cheerleading; Varsity Dance Team   \\ Articles Written by XXX xxx \\ \\ Articles Edited by XXX
Page: Homer

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !HomerBritishMuseum.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Although an exact dates of Homer's life are hard to establish, Herodatus places his life around 850 BCE. He wrote ...
Page: Hormonal Contraception

article is tagged for development. Author \\ Steven G. Gilbert !the.pill.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The oral contraceptive, used by more than 100 million women worldwide, is the ultimate endocrine disruptor. The Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP), often referred ...
Page: Horned adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis caudalis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins, Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Horned seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Acalyptophis peroni Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: How Do We Assure a Sustainable, Nuclear-Free Future?- An Evening with Bob Alvarez

environmental and human cost of the nuclear arms race has been staggering, with large areas of this country uninhabitable due to radiation leaks and contamination. To achieve the peace and climate stability required to reverse global warming the U.S. government must abandon its ...
Page: Howard Zinn

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !HowardZinnatlectern.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Howard Zinn (August 24, 1922 – January 27, 2010) was an American historian, academic, author, playwright, and social ...
Page: Human Rights

Resources "Is Environmental Health a Basic Human Right?" http://www.ehponline.org/members/2004/11217/spheres.html \ Article published in the December 2004 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives, a peerreviewed environmental health journal housed in the U.S. National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences. University ...
Page: Human Rights and the Environment

nbsp;Tuesday, February 24, 2008 The indiscriminate use of toxics and largescale contamination of air and water is more than an environmental problem and more than a public health problem. It is a moral problem. Poisoning people is wrong. Formal human rights ...
Page: Hundred-pace pitviper

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Hydraulic Fracturing

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Rachael Severtson Overview Natural gas is becoming known in the United States as the future of greener energy. Natural gas is cleaner burning than other current energy sources, e.g. coal ...
Page: Hydrazine

Lead Author: Sara Worsham Lead Editor: Sean Foley Chemical and Physical Properties of Hydrazine Hydrazine is a colorless, oily liquid or sometimes white crystalline compound (Hydrazine 2000; Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 2008; Material Safety Data ...
Page: hydrochloric acid

Current Events Workers clean up phosphoric and hydrochloric acid spill following Monday train derailment in Mecca, California. See full PressEnterprise article http://www.pe.com/localnews/inland/stories/PENewsLocalDderail05.38d1f33.html

I
Page: Iliya A Bitkin

Iliya Alexandrovich Bitkin, PhD !Lliya.Bitkin.vsm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Ph.D. in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Yaroslavl State Medical Academy: Yaroslavl, RU Doctor of Pharmacy, Yaroslavl State Medical Academy: Yaroslavl, RU Yarsintez: Yaroslavl, RU Laboratory Director ...
Page: Ilya B. Slizovskiy

sliztoxipedia2.jpg width=461,height=374!\\ !Sliztoxipedia.jpg width=308,height=284!  Ilya Slizovskiy, B.Sc. Hons., is a recent research student graduate from Muhlenberg College (Allentown, PA, USA) who completed his degree with honors in Environmental Science ...
Page: Imazapic

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Imazapic is an imidazolinone herbicide that targets broadleaf weeds and annual or perennial grasses (#WSDOT). It can be used as both a preemergent or postemergent herbicide ...
Page: Increase Scientific Impact

Lead Author: Deborah O'Keefe Overview Society of Toxicology (SOT) http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/SocietyofToxicology is a broadbased, multidisciplinary organization, whose members share the common goal of "creating a safer and healthier world by advancing the science of toxicology." Over the years ...
Page: Increasing Stocks of Obsolete Pesticides

Overview <iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=107231493756430455566.00048d8efe469c49f3778&ll ...
Page: index

Index Review {}TXP1
Page: India Nuclear Scrap

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Gammacell.220.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On February 26, 2010, the University of Delhi, India, auctioned to a scrap dealer a Gammacell 220 research irradiator which contained ...
Page: Indian humpnose pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hypnale hypnale Physical information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Southwestern ...
Page: Indochinese spitting cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja siamensis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Inebriation

Inebriation is the state of drunkenness. Drunkenness, in its most common usage, is the state of being intoxicated with ethyl alcohol to a sufficient degree to impair mental and motor functioning. Common symptoms may include impaired speech, loss of balance, and other effects. Without ...
Page: Information Resources in Toxicology

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Information Resources in Toxicology, 4th Edition !IRT.cover.gif thumbnail, align=left! EditorinChief Philip Wexler Associate Editors Steven G. Gilbert, Pertti J. Hakkinen ...
Page: Ingredient Disclosure like a Fishnet Stocking

Heidi Siegelbaum toxipedia:Heidi Siegelbaum Calyx Sustainable Tourism http://calyxsite.com/ mailto:heidi@calyxsite.com (206) 7844265 January 16, 2010 To read a label and understand not only its ingredients but what it means to your health and the local environment and your ...
Page: Inland taipan

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Inorganic Mercury Tragedies

list includes both elemental (quicksilver) and inorganic mercury 1810 salvaged a large load of elemental mercury from a wrecked Spanish vessel
Page: Insecticides

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley {}Physical Information{} Name: Insecticides Use: kill insects Source: synthetic chemistry, plants Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: intestine, inhalation, skin Sensitive individuals ...
Page: Institute of nanotechnology

http://www.nano.org.uk/nano/nanotubes.htm
Page: Integrated Pest Management

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an environmentally sensitive yet highly effective strategy for pest management on both a commercial and residential level. It aims at recognizing the needs of plants to be able ...
Page: Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Integrated pest management (IPM) is an approach to pest management that can significantly reduce pesticide use. Widely used in agriculture, landscape maintenance, and structural pest control, it emphasizes prevention and monitoring of pest problems and considers pesticide applications only ...
Page: Interesting talks

Interesting talk to attend for extra credit Write up short paragraph on the topics relationship to risk assessment send to Stephanie and Steve \\ Pacific Northwest Premiere of the highlyacclaimed documentary 'A Chemical Reaction' Cohosted by the Coalition of Organic Landscape Professionals and Seattle Tilth ...
Page: Intern at Toxipedia

Current Internship Opportunities Please see our internship listings on Idealist. http://idealist.org/if/idealist/en/SiteIndex/AssetViewer/default?asset=Org&assetid=162133211  Internships Overview Toxipedia is looking for interns\! We are seeking talented people with various ...
Page: International Agency for Research on Cancer

Overview "The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health Organization. Its mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer control. The IARC is involved in both epidemiological and laboratory ...
Page: International Atomic Energy Agency

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !FlagofIAEA.svg.png thumbnail, align=right! The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit ...
Page: International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics

Overview Taken from the ISSX website http://www.issx.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=3278: "The International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics (ISSX) is the premier scientific organization for researchers interested in the metabolism and disposition of xenobiotics.  ISSX was formed in 1981 when a small ...
Page: International Union of Toxicology

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !IUTOX.logo.jpg thumbnail, align=left! IUTOX http://www.iutox.org/'s mission is to foster international scientific cooperation among toxicologists, promote the global acquisition, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge in the world ...
Page: International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX) History

IUTOX International Union of Toxicology IUTOX http://iutox.org/ mission To foster international scientific cooperation among toxicologists and promote global acquisition, dissemination, and utilization of knowledge in the science of toxicology and ensure continued training and development of toxicologists worldwide. \\ IUTOX History ...
Page: Introduction to Exstrophy

Introduction As a group, the exstrophy anomalies range in severity from distal epispadias to cloacal exstrophy. These anomalies share consistent anatomic features due to the deformation that caused them. This group of congenital anomalies includes: • Classic bladder exstrophy • Epispadias • Cloacal exstrophy ...
Page: Introduction to Toxicology

Course Description and Material !SmDs cover low.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Do you want to learn more about the principles of toxicology and the health effects of chemical exposures? You will benefit from "A Small Dose of Toxicology," a basic course based ...
Page: Iodine

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Iodine is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol I and atomic number 53. It is required in trace amounts by most living organisms.\\ \\ Just the facts Physical ...
Page: Ionizing Radiation

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Ionizing radiation has many common uses, but can also be disastrous to human health. Ionizing radiation carries enough energy to produce ion pairs as it passes through ...
Page: Ira Remsen

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !i.remsen.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Ira Remsen, (February 10, 1846 March 4, 1927) along with Constantin Fahlberg discovered Saccharin in 1879. Ira ...
Page: Iraq Chemical Weapons Program

TABUN Review {}TXP1 \\ \\ Table of Contents #History \\ #Types and Classification \\ #Current Events \\ #Precaution \\ #Regulation \\ #Advocacy and Opinion \\ #Teaching Resources \\ #References \\ \\ \\ PHARMACOLOGY AND METABOLISM \\ HISTORY \\ CURRENT EVENTS December 6, 2006 \\ China has reaffirmed its commitment ...
Page: Irene D. Hays

Hays,Irene.D.jpg thumbnail! Irene D. Hays is a Washington State native who has lived and worked as a teacher, writer, and education director in Idaho, Hawaii, Colorado, and California. She currently lives in the shrubsteppe grassland of Richland, Washington. Her poems ...
Page: Isaac Newton

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !IsaacNewton1689.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Sir Isaac Newton, (December 25, 1642 March 20, 1726\) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural ...
Page: Isobenzane

Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Debelopment # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts ...
Page: Isobutyronitrile

article is tagged for development and cleanup. Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Isobutyronitrile Synonyms: 2methylpropionitrile, isopropyl cyanide, 2methylpropanenitrile Molecular Formula: C 4 H 7 N ...
Page: Isopropyl Acetate

Author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Synonyms: Acetic acid, isopropyl ester, 2acetoxypropane, 2propyl acetate, acetic acid, 1methylethyl ester, acetic acid, isopropyl ester, paracetat Chemical Structure: Chemical Formula: C ...
Page: Isopropylbenzene

Overview Isopropylbenzene, also knows as Cumene, is an organic compound commonly found in crude oil and refined fuels. It is colorless liquid that has a smell similar to gasoline. Uses Isopropylbenzene is fonund in the following prodcuts: Herbicides Asphalt primer Cement Fuel ...
Page: Italian Milestones

Italian Translation of Milestones of Toxicology Le Pietre Miliari della Tossicologia !Milestones.poster.IT.v2.p1.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Milestones of Toxicology poster was translated into Italian by Paolo and Francesco Costa with help from their father Lucio Costa, Ph.D., University of Washington, Seattle ...
Page: Italy

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: Ixtoc I

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !IXTOCIoilwellblowout.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Ixtoc I was an exploratory oil well being drilled by the semisubmersible platform Sedco 135F in the Bay of Campeche of the Gulf ...

J
Page: Jack Vanden Heuvel

Jack Vanden Heuvel, PhD !vandenheuvel.jpg thumbnail! Dr. Vanden Heuvel is a Professor of Molecular Toxicology in the Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences at Penn State http://www.vetsci.psu.edu/personnel/faculty/vandenheuvel.cfm. He obtained his Ph.D. in Environmental Toxicology from ...
Page: James D. Watson

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !JamesWatson.png thumbnail, align=right! James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, best known as one of the three ...
Page: James M. Anderson

James M. Anderson is a Manager, Portland Harbor Section Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Northwest Region (DEQ NWR). Articles Written by XXX ToxJunk:Healthy World Theater \ Joke Articles Edited by XXX
Page: James Marsh

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !james marsh.jpg thumbnail,align=left! !Marshtestapparatus.jpg thumbnail,align=right! James Marsh (September 2, 1794\June 21, 1846) was an English ...
Page: James McGrath

speaking.with.magpies.jpg thumbnail! Poet and artist. Wrote SPEAKING with MAGPIES, Sunstone Press http://www.sunstonepress.com/cgibin/bookview.cgi?recordnum=454 (2007) Also did the art work for Bill Witherup's witherup, bill book down wind, down river \\ Material ...
Page: Janice E. Camp

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Janice Camp Janice E. Camp !Camp.Janice.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Janice Camp is a practicing occupational health and safety professional and Senior Lecturer, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University ...
Page: January 1

1947 Control of atomic energy was transferred from military to civilian hands in the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) to foster and control the peace time development of atomic science and technology. previous day December 31 \ next day January ...
Page: January 10

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Page: January 11

1887 Aldo Leopold Aldo Leopold, America's first bioethicist and author of A Sand County Almanac, was born. 1906 Albert Hofmann, a prominent Swiss scientist at Sandoz Laboratories, Basel (now Novartis) best known as the "father" of LSD, was born. 1951 ...
Page: January 12

1899 Paul Hermann Muller, a Swiss Scientist, was born on this day. Muller was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for recognizing DDT as useful in the control of certain vectorborne diseases, including malaria and yellow fever. previous day January 11 ...
Page: January 13

1947 On January 13, 1947, the US War Assets Administration disposed of drums of sodium in Lake Lenore, an alkaline lake in the Grand Coulee area of eastern Washington State (near Spokane, WA). previous day January 12 \ next ...
Page: January 14

2007 A train wreck in Kentucky, USA released 30,000 gallons of butyl acetate. 1898 Lewis Carroll whose real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson died today, wrote Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and its sequel Through the LookingGlass that highlighted ...
Page: January 15

1998 The Precautionary Principle Wingspread Statement was ratified. 1929 Martin Luther King, Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia and assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee. previous day January 14 \ next day January 16
Page: January 16

1920 The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, U.S. Prohibition, was certified as ratified on January 16, 1919 and went into effect on January 16, 1920. 1975 Bando Mitsugoro VIII died after eating fugu fish Tetrodotoxin poisons after seven ...
Page: January 17

1961 President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term militaryindustrial complex in his Farewell Address to the Nation. 1966 Palomares incident occurred when a B52G bomber of the USAF Strategic Air Command, carrying four Mk28 type ...
Page: January 18

2011 An estimated 352,000 pounds of lead washed into Lake Coeur d'Alene after flooding related to rain and snow. 1977 Trident I wanmec:Trident Missile, a MIRV (multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle) missile that typically carries ...
Page: January 19

1878 Henri Victor Regnault died, a French chemist and physicist and first to synthesize several chlorinated hydrocarbons including vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride PVC in 1835. previous day January 18 \ next day January 20
Page: January 2

1897 Theodore Wormley died on this day, wrote The Micro Chemistry of Poisons, was the first American book dedicated to poisons. 2006 An explosion in a coal mine led to the death of 12 of 13 miners in the 2006 Sago Mine disaster in West Virginia ...
Page: January 20

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day January 19 \ next day January 21
Page: January 2010 Newsletter

Happy New Year from all of us at Toxipedia. We're looking forward to our third year on the web, providing trusted information on toxicology and public and environmental health. Along with continued submissions on topics related to these fields, we have several ...
Page: January 21

1954 The first nuclearpowered submarine, the USS Nautilus, was launched in Groton, Connecticut by Mamie Eisenhower, then the First Lady of the United States. 1968: U.S. B52 Nuclear Weapons Crash \ A B52 jet carrying nuclear weapons crashed outside Thule Air ...
Page: January 22

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Page: January 23

1882 Robert Christison, a prominent analytical toxicologist, died on this day. 1912 The International Opium Convention was signed at The Hague. 1978 Sweden became the first nation in the world to ban aerosol sprays. 2005 Viktor Yushchenko, who was poisoned with Dioxin, was sworn ...
Page: January 24

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Page: January 25

1945 Grand Rapids, Michigan became the first municipality to add fluoride to drinking water in an effort to prevent tooth decay. (See Grand Rapids first use.) previous day January 24 \ next day January 26
Page: January 26

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day January 25 \ next day January 27
Page: January 27

2010 Howard Zinn died today put history in context. Author of bestselling and influential A People's History of the United States. 1951 The first nuclear bomb test occurred at the Nevada Test Site ; a onekiloton bomb was dropped on Frenchman Flat. 1832 ...
Page: January 28

1969 The Santa Barbara oil spill occurred in the Santa Barbara Channel, releasing an estimated 3 million gallons of crude oil into the channel and onto the beaches of Santa Barbara, California, USA. previous day January 27 \ next day ...
Page: January 29

1886 Karl Benz patented the first successful gasoline\driven automobile. 1934 Fritz Haber, a German chemist who first synthesized ammonia, died on this day. 1978 Sweden outlawed aerosol sprays due to their harmful effect on the ozone layer ...
Page: January 3

1966 The Psychedelic Shop, the world's first head shop, opened on Haight Street near Ashbury in the HaightAshbury neighborhood of San Francisco. 1961 National Reactor Testing Station in eastern Idaho, the SL1, or Stationary LowPower Reactor Number One test ...
Page: January 30

2000 Baia Mare Cyanide Spill A dam holding contaminated waters burst at a mining works in Bozinta Mare, Romania burst and 100,000 cubic meters of cyanidecontaminated water (containing an estimated 100 tonnes of cyanide). previous day January ...
Page: January 31

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Page: January 4

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Page: January 5

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Page: January 6

1714 English physician and surgeon Percivall Pott (January 6, 1714 December 22, 1788) was born. previous day January 5 next day January 7
Page: January 7

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Page: January 8

1831 John Pemberton an American druggist was born, known for being the inventor of CocaCola. previous day January 7 \ next day January 9
Page: January 9

event has been entered. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day January 8 \ next day January 10
Page: January Newsletter

Toxipedia Update January 2009{} Featured Quote "A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability, and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise." Aldo Leopold, A Sand County Almanac, 1949 Featured Article "BisphenolA" By Ashwin ...
Page: Japanese mamushis

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Gloydius blomhoffi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Jararaca

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothrops jararaca Physical Information Venon name: Toxins:Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins and cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human ...
Page: Javan spitting cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja {}sputatrix{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name: Postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins, cytotoxins toxipedia:Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins), cardiotoxins Toxins: Phospholipase ...
Page: Jay Herzmark

J.Herzmark.jpg thumbnail! Jay Herzmark's day gig is as an industrial hygienist at the University of Washington. He is also a safety representative for his union, the Washington Federation of State Employees. He has a master's degree in Occupational Health Nursing from the City ...
Page: JD-109

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: JD-2000

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Jean Nicot

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !JeanNicot01.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Jean Nicot (1530 May 4, 1600) was a French diplomat and scholar, brought the tobacco plant to Europe and it was named after ...
Page: Jeffery Moffit

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Page: Jerdon's lancehead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Protobothrops jerdoni Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, and possible haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Jessica Burley

Jessica Burley is in her final year at Ohio University in Athens, Ohio. She will have a degree in Environmental Health Science in June 2008. She is an Ohio Environmental Protection Agency scholar receiving their Environmental Science and Engineering Scholarship. She ...
Page: John E. Franz

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !FranzLo.jpg thumbnail, align=left! In 1970, research chemist John Franz discovered the glyphosate class of herbicides, while working for Monsanto, and searching for a systemic product ...
Page: John F. Kennedy

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Kennedy.jpg thumbnail, align=left! President John F. Kennedy addresses crowd, at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, Richland, Washington, September 26, 1963 President John ...
Page: John Jones

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview John Jones (1644 or 1645 August 22, 1709) was a Welsh cleric, inventor and physician. Dr. Jones extensively researched the medical effects of Opium and wrote ...
Page: John Pemberton

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !JohnPemberton.jpg thumbnail, align=right! !Cocacola5cents1900.jpg thumbnail, align=left! John Stith Pemberton (January 8, 1831 August 16, 1888) was a Confederate veteran ...
Page: John Robert Vane

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !vane.john.robert.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Sir John Robert Vane (March 29, 1927 November 19, 2004) was an English pharmacologist, born in Tardebigg ...
Page: John Rylands Library

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !JohnRylandsUniversityLibrary.jpg thumbnail,align=right! The John Rylands Library, is a Victorian Gothic building on Deansgate in Manchester, England. The library, which opened to the public January 1 ...
Page: John Snow

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !JohnSnow.jpg thumbnail, align=right! John Snow (March 15, 1813 June 16, 1858) was a British physician and a leader in the adoption of anaesthesia and medical hygiene ...
Page: John W. Roberts

J.Roberts.jpg thumbnail! John W. Roberts or Dr. Dust author, leader, inspiration to us all Founder of the Master Home Environmentalists May 16, 1924 October 24, 2008 John Roberts or Dr. Dust as he is better known, continues ...
Page: Jordan, Scott A.

Scott A. Jordan, PhD, is a toxicologist with the Marketed Health Products Directorate of Canada. \\ \\ Articles Written by Scott A. Jordon William Saunders
Page: Joseph Bienaimé Caventou

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !caventou.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Joseph Bienaimé Caventou (17951877) was a French chemist. He was a professor at the École de Pharmacie (School of Pharmacy) in Paris. He collaborated ...
Page: Joseph Caventou and Pierre Pelletier

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Pharmacists isolated quinine from bark of the Cinchona Tree in back of their pharmacy
Page: Joseph Indvik

Joe Indvik.jpg align=left,thumbnail! Joe Indvik served as the Lead Content Developer for the Toxipedia daughtersite IPMopedia during winter 2008.  He plans to return in summer 2008. Joe is a sophomore at Dartmouth College.  He is pursuing ...
Page: Journals of the Society of Toxicology

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !TAAP.gif thumbnail, align=left! Journal of Toxicology & Applied Pharmacology 1959 to present TAAP is a monthly publication which contains scientific papers and articles that have to do ...
Page: Juda Hirsch Quastel

Juda Hirsch Quastel, referred to most often as "Harry" or simply "Q", was a British Canadian Biochemist who pioneered diverse research in numerous fields including neurochemistry, soil metabolism, cell metabolism, and Cancer. One of his myriad of accomplishments was his ...
Page: July 1

1968 The Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty was signed in Geneva, Switzerland by about sixty countries. previous day June 30 \ next day July 2
Page: July 10

1919 Abraham Jacobi, the father of pediatrics, died on this day. 1976 The Seveso seveso, italy disaster, an industrial accident that caused exposure to 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin (TCDD) tcdd, occurred around 12:37 pm in a small chemical manufacturing plant near ...
Page: July 11

1978 A truck carrying liquid gas crashed and exploded at a coastal campsite in Tarragona, Spain and 216 tourists were killed. previous day July 10 next day July 12
Page: July 12

1813 Claude Bernard, a French medical doctor who aimed to establish a scientific method in medicine that relied on scientific experimentation, was born on this day. 1926 Gertrude Bell, the "Uncrowned Queen of Iraq," committed suicide by taking sleeping pills after returning ...
Page: July 13

1959 A partial meltdown occurred at the BoeingRocketdyne nuclear testing facility toxipedia:Rocketdyne about 30 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. previous day July 12 \ next day July 14
Page: July 14

1868 Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell Gertrude Bell, called the "The Uncrowned Queen of Iraq," was born on this day. Bell committed suicide by taking sleeping pills on July 12, 1926. previous day July 13 next day July 15
Page: July 15

1919 Emil Fischer, a German chemist and Nobel Prize winner who first isolated caffeine in 1895 from plant extracts, died on this day. previous day July 14 next day July 16
Page: July 16

1945 A plutonium implosion bomb was detonated, first nuclear test, code named the Trinity Nuclear Test near Alamogordo, New Mexico. 1979 The dam at Church Rock Uranium Mill toxipedia:Church Rock Dam burst, releasing more ...
Page: July 17

1944 Napalm incendiary bombs were dropped for the first time by American P38 pilots on a fuel depot at Coutances, near St. Lô, France. 1998 Biologists reported in the journal Science the discovery of the genome sequence for the bacterium that causes syphilis, Treponema ...
Page: July 18

1797 Robert Christison, a prominent analytical toxicologist who experimented extensively with poisons and was appointed medical officer to the Crown in Scotland, was born on this day. previous day July 17 next day July 19
Page: July 19

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Page: July 2

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Page: July 20

1986 South African police fired tear gas to break up a funeral service for a 15yearold girl killed in the black township of Kagiso. previous day July 19 \ next day July 21
Page: July 2010 Newsletter

Happy Summer from all of us at Toxipedia. Now well into the growing season here in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, we thought it fitting to dedicate this newsletter to pesticides. Our team of researchers has been diligently working to create, update ...
Page: July 21

1810 Henri Victor Regnault was born, a French chemist and physicist and first to synthesize several chlorinated hydrocarbons including vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride PVC in 1835. previous day July 20 next day July 22
Page: July 22

1992 Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, head of the Medellin Cartel and the largest cocaine dealer in the world, escaped from his luxury prison, fearing extradition to the United States. previous day July 21 next day July 23
Page: July 23

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Page: July 24

1914 Frances Oldham Kelsey, who blocked the approval of Thalidomide while at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, was born on this day. 2005 Richard Doll, British epidemiologist and physiologist, died on this day. previous day July 23 next day July ...
Page: July 25

1946 An atomic bomb was detonated underwater in the lagoon of Bikini Atoll during Operation Crossroads, code name Baker called "the world's first nuclear disaster.". previous day July 24 next day July 26
Page: July 26

1925 William Jennings Bryan, chief proponent of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, died on this day. 1612 Murad IV Ghazi the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640 was born, banned alcohol, tobacco, and coffee caffeine in Constantinople. He ...
Page: July 27

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Page: July 28

1853 António Joaquim Ferreira da Silva was born today Oliveira de Azemeis near the city of Porto, in northern Portugal. During his research and academic life, Ferreira da Silva made notable achievements in analytical chemistry, particularly ...
Page: July 29

1957 The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established. previous day July 28 next day July 30
Page: July 3

2005 Gaylord Nelson, a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who called for the establishment of Earth Day on April 22, 1970, died on this day. previous day July 2 \ next day July 4
Page: July 30

1973 The pharmaceutical company that marketed thalidomide agreed to pay more than £20 million in compensation to those born with birth defects after an 11year legal battle. previous day July 29 next day July 31
Page: July 31

1998 California Pesticide Exposure On July 31, 1998 at 4 a.m., a cotton field was sprayed aerially with a pesticide solution containing carbofuran and carbamate. At 6 a.m., the 34 workers (age range: 1364 years; median: 31 years) entered ...
Page: July 4

1934 Marie Curie Marie Curie, a PolishFrench physicist and chemist, died in Sancellemoz, France. previous day July 3 \ next day July 6
Page: July 5

1996 Dolly Dolly Cloned Sheep a female domestic sheep was cloned from an adult somatic cell after 277 attempts by Ian Wilmut, Keith Campbell and colleagues at the Roslin Institute near Edinburgh in Scotland. previous day toxipedia ...
Page: July 6

1885 Louis Pasteur successfully tested his vaccine against rabies on Joseph Meister, a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog. previous day July 5 next day July 7
Page: July 7

1991 Mount Pinatubo erupted, generating an ash volcanic ash column 7 km (4.5 miles) high. 2006 The British Houses of Parliament were temporarily shut down due to an anthrax alert. previous day July ...
Page: July 8

1897 Birth of Sir Austin Bradford Hill Sir Austin Bradford Hill English epidemiologist and statistician, pioneered the randomized clinical trial and, together with Sir Richard Doll, was the first to demonstrate the connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. 1997 ...
Page: July 9

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Page: June 1

1974 Flixborough Disaster: An explosion at a chemical plant in North Lincolnshire, England, killed 28 people. previous day May 31 \ next day June 2
Page: June 10

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Page: June 11

323 BCE Alexander the Great died on this day, possibly from hellebore or strychnine poisoning. previous day June 10 \ next day June 12
Page: June 12

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Page: June 13

1809 Heinrich Hoffman, who first described AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in 1845 in a poem, was born. 1894 Leo Kanner, an AustrianAmerican psychiatrist and physician known for his work related to autism, was born. 1926 Anthony Mazzocchi, an ...
Page: June 14

1864 Alois Alzheimer, who was the first to define Alzheimer's Disease on November 3, 1906, was born. 1789 Whiskey distilled from maize was first produced by the American clergyman Rev Elijah Craig in Bourbon County, Kentucky. previous day June ...
Page: June 15

1899 Benjamin F. Feingold, M.D., born today, was a pediatric allergist from California, who proposed in 1973 that salicylates, artificial colors, and artificial flavors cause hyperactivity in children (ADHD AttentionDeficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)). previous day June ...
Page: June 16

1858 John Snow died today was a British physician is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology, because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854. 1878 Crawford Long, an American physician and pharmacist best known ...
Page: June 17

1925 The Geneva Protocol Geneva Protocol, a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons, was signed at Geneva on this day and entered into force on February 8, 1928. previous day June 16 \ next day June 18
Page: June 18

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Page: June 19

1783 Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Sertürner Friedrich Serturner, a German pharmacist who discovered morphine in 1805, was born in Neuhaus (near Paderborn). previous day June 18 \ next day June 20
Page: June 2

1800 The first smallpox vaccination in North America took place at Trinity, Newfoundland. 1855 The Portland Rum Riot occurred in Portland, Maine. previous day June 1 \ next day June 3
Page: June 20

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Page: June 2010 Newsletter

Over the past few weeks we have had some exciting developments at Toxipedia that we would like to share with you. Toxipedia Web Development Services, our new research and web consulting arm, has been hired to do ...
Page: June 21

1846 James Marsh, an English chemist who developed the Marsh Test for detecting arsenic Toxipedia:Arsenic, A Small Dose of, was born on this day. 1995 Hog waste lagoon Oceanview Farms hog waste at Oceanview Farms ruptured, spilling ...
Page: June 22

1969 The polluted Cuyahoga River caught fire in Cleveland, Ohio. previous day June 21 \ next day June 23
Page: June 23

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Page: June 24

1374 One of the first major outbreaks of St. John's Dance was in Aachen, Germany, this day 1374; the populace danced wildly through the streets, screaming of visions and hallucinations, and even continued to writhe and twist after they were too exhausted to stand. previous ...
Page: June 25

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Page: June 26

1911 Othmar Zeidler died today. He was an Austrian chemist credited with the first synthesis of DDT, (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) in 1874. However, he did not recognize it usefulness as an insecticide as Paul Hermann Muller did in 1939. previous ...
Page: June 27

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Page: June 28

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Page: June 29

1315 Raymundus Lullus, a botanist and alchemist who was the first to discover the chemical group later called ether, died on this day. previous day June 28 \ next day June 30
Page: June 3

2009 William (Bill) Witherup Bill Witherup, poet, activist, essayist, and author, died on this day. 2002 Alice Mary Stewart died today, a British physician and epidemiologist specialising in social medicine and the effects of radiation on health. Her study of radiationinduced ...
Page: June 30

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Page: June 4

1916 Gaylord Anton Nelson Gaylord Nelson was born on this day (died July 3, 2005). He was a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin who called for the establishment of Earth Day on April 22, 1970. previous day June 3 \ next ...
Page: June 5

1828 Friedrich Gaedcke was, a born, a German chemist. He was first to isolate cocaine in 1855 from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca, originally from Peru and Bolivia. 1986 A 52year old man in Auburn, Washington, United States, died after taking ...
Page: June 6

2009 Luke Cole, an early leader in the environmental justice movement, died in Uganda on this day. previous day June 5 \ next day June 7
Page: June 7

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Page: June 8

1997 Karen E. Wetterhahn Karen Wetterhahn, Dartmouth College professor and toxic chemical specialist was fatally poisoned by dimethylmercury, she died June 8, 1997. previous day June 7 \ next day June 9
Page: June 9

1980 Rachel Carson was posthumously awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on this day. previous day June 8 \ next day June 10

K
Page: K-12 Teaching Resources

NonGovernmental Organizations The Environmental Education Association of Washington (EEAW) http://www.eeaw.org/index.htm: A dynamic, nonprofit organization comprised of teachers, agency people, business representatives and community educators dedicated to offering and promoting effective environmental education to all sectors of Washington ...
Page: K-Z

Toxicology Glossary of Terms AJ \ #K \ #L \ #M \ #N \ #O \ #P \ #Q \ #R #S \ #T \ #U \ #V \ #W \ #X \ #Y \ #Z\\ \\ AJ \\ \\ K \\ \\ L lachrymator: See lacrimator http://sis.nlm.nih.gov/enviro/glossaryl.html#lacrimator (#IUPAC ...
Page: Kaitlin Mallory

Kaitlin is a senior at Tulane University in New Orleans studying Political Science and Environmental Studies. During the summer months she resides in her home state of Washington, where she spends much of her time enjoying her friends, family ...
Page: Karen McDonell

Page: Karen Wetterhahn

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !wetterhahn.pic.NIEHS.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Overview In 1996, Dartmouth College professor and toxic chemical specialist Dr. Karen E. Wetterhahn was fatally poisoned by dimethylmercury, she ...
Page: Katarina Lah

IMG1092.jpg align=left! Katarina Lah holds a Bachelor's degree in Biotechnology and graduated from the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, from where she moved a year ago. She did a oneyear research project on endocrine disruptors in wastewater treatment plants ...
Page: Kathleen Duke

Kathleen Duke is a Wiki maven and selfemployed software consultant. She holds a B.A. in English and a J.D., but counts her two years of cancer treatment as her most significant educational feat. She has a morbid fascination with oncology, genetics, and nanotechnology ...
Page: Kathleen Flenniken

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Nancy Dickeman Kathleen Flenniken !KathleenFlenniken.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Kathleen Flenniken's first book, Famous (University of Nebraska, 2006), won the Prairie Schooner Book Prize and was named an ...
Page: Kent Slowinski

Background Kent Slowinski is a former member of the Spring Valley Restoration Advisory Board dealing with the 16 year cleanup of chemical munitions and contamination from World War I activities at the American University Experiment Station, now known ...
Page: Kentucky Train Collision on 1-14-07

Overview On January 14, 2007 four runaway rail cars crashed into two parked cars that resulted in an explosion that released about 30,000 gallons of butyl acetate. \\ \\ The butyl acetate was said to have burnt away completely, but residents nearby ...
Page: Kenya mountain viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Montatheris hindii Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: East ...
Page: Kevin Keane

Member of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology
Page: Kiddie Kollege Day Care

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Kiddie Kollege Day Care Center was closed on July 28, 2006 after the discovery of mercury. The site was an old thermometer manufacturing facility. 9 ...
Page: Kieran O'Brien

KieranObrien.jpg align=left! Background Kieran graduated from the University of Michigan with a B.A. in International Development and Social Justice and a minor in French and Francophone Studies. She plans to attend graduate school beginning fall 2010 to pursue a Master's of Public Health ...
Page: King brownsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Pseudechis australis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Anticoagulants coagulants, myotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: King cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Ophiophagus hannah Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic nuerotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: King Louis XIV

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !LouisXIVofFrance.jpg thumbnail, align=left! King Louis XIV (September 5, 1638 September 1, 1715) passed a royal decree in 1682 that permitted apothecaries ...
Page: Kristin L. Callahan

Kristin L. Callahan, MS Risk Assessor RIDOLFI Inc. http://www.ridolfi.com/ Engineers and Scientists Concerned with the Earth Overview Kristin L. Callahan, currently a Risk Assessor for RIDOLFI Inc. in Seattle, Washington, specializes in Superfund site investigation, exposure ...

L
Page: Lake Lenore

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Lake.Lenore.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Overview On January 13, 1947, the US War Assets Administration, disposed of drums of sodium into Lake Lenore, an alkaline lake ...
Page: Lake Nyos

Topic editor:Sean Foley Lead author:Sean Foley Overview Situated in Cameroon, Lake Nyos is a carbondioxide saturated lake as a result of the magma which lies beneath it. In 1986, the lake released a horrific amount of carbon dioxide and suffocated 1800 ...
Page: Lake Taal seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hydrophis semperi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Lambda-Cyhalothrin

Lead Editor: Dan Becker toxipedia:Dan Becker Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Lambda cyhalothrin, an insecticide, belongs to the pyrethroid chemical class of pesticides. It was registered with the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency ...
Page: Lataste's viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera latastei Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probably Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: laudenum

Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Laudenum Use: analgesic, pain releiver, Source: Opium Recommended daily intake: Absorption: metablozied in brain, liver, and kidney Regulatory facts: see below General facts: Environmental: Recommendations
Page: Law - Environmental

Environmental Law Schools Lewis & Clark Law School http://law.lclark.edu/dept/elaw/, Environmental Law & Natural Resources Law Program is an extraordinary place to study environmental law and natural resources law. Frequently ranked the #1 environmental ...
Page: Laws and Regulation

POPRC40728160X110.jpg align=left! Toxipedia is working to expand this section. If you have interest or expertise in policies pertaining to toxic chemicals, please contribute by writing or editing a page toxipedia:Create a Page\! Photo: Fourth meeting of the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review ...
Page: Lead

Author: Steven G. Gilbert Introduction !Metalcubelead.jpg thumbnail,align=right! In the 2nd century BCE, Dioscorides noted, "Lead makes the mind give way." In modern times, lead has been heavily used in paint http://toxipedia.org/display ...
Page: Lead - Additional Resources

European, Asian, and International Agencies International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) http://www.who.int/ipcs/en/ (accessed: 27 June 2006). "The two main roles of the IPCS are to establish the scientific health and environmental risk assessment basis for safe use ...
Page: Lead - Recommendation and Conclusions

developing nervous system of children is by far the most sensitive to lead exposure. Because of a child's small size and greater absorption of lead, even a very low level of exposure results in a high dose of lead. The developing nervous system is exquisitely sensitive ...
Page: Lead - References

Bellinger, D. C.: "Neurological and behavioral consequences of childhood lead exposure." PLoS Med 2008, 5, e115. Gilbert SG. and Weiss B. "A Rationale for Lowering the Blood Lead Action Level From 10 to 2 μg/dL." Neurotoxicology ...
Page: Lead by David Pratt

David Pratt MPH Candidate\ Touro University California History of Lead Lead has the highest concentration of any heavy metal found within the composition of the earth’s crust (Tong, 2000). Environmental exposure to lead has been relatively low ...
Page: Lead Case Studies

Taking Lead Home (1998) In 1998 a California mother requested a blood lead level determination for her 18monthold child (MMWR, 2001). The result was a blood lead level (BLL) of 26 μg/dL, which was well above the Center for Disease ...
Page: Lead Paint in Washington

Lead Paint in Washington Mark Crippen and Cristina Haworth Presentation Lead Powerpoint Lead Paint in WashingtonLead Presentation.pptx Relevant materials Lead in the News http://www.epa.gov/lead/new.htm Strong link between crime, lead exposure in children http ...
Page: Leadpedia

Leadpedia Information to prevent lead exposure A common site on the health effects and prevention of lead exposure. Overview In the 2nd century BCE, Dioscorides noted, "Lead makes the mind give way." In modern times, lead was heavily used in paint and as a gasoline ...
Page: Leah Tait

Overview !n2230909370677634355.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Leah Tait is a senior attending the University of Michigan, where she studies Cellular and Molecular Biology. She joined Toxipedia to expand her interests in toxicology and public health. Her academic interests include ...
Page: Leah Woodke

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Leah Woodke Overview !woodke.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Leah Woodke, President, Senior Partner, How Consultants A North Dakota native, Leah Woodke has been in the field of education ...
Page: Learning Disabilities

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview "Given established scientific knowledge, protecting children from neurotoxic exposures from the earliest stages of fetal development is clearly an essential public health ...
Page: Leo Kanner

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Kanner.leo.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Leo Kanner (June 13, 1894 April 4, 1981) was an AustrianAmerican psychiatrist and physician known for his work ...
Page: Leo Sternbach

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !sternbach valium.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Dr. Leo Henryk Sternbach (May 7, 1908 September 28, 2005) was a PolishJewish chemist who is credited ...
Page: Leon Golberg

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !golberg.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Leon Golberg (August 22, 1915 May 3, 1987) was born in Limassol, Cyprus, the son of a jeweler. Globerg synthesized ...
Page: Leonard Rifas

L.Rifas.1.jpg thumbnail! Leonard Rifas is an author, scholar, and teacher of educational comics as well as founder of EduComics. Reach Leonard at rifas@earthlink.net. Learn more about Leonard Rifas in an interview http://www.brokenfrontier.com/columns/details.php?id=520&PHPSESSID ...
Page: Leonardo da Vinci

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !LeonardodaVinci.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (April 15, 1452 May 2, 1519) was a multitalented Italian Renaissance ...
Page: Leptophos

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Leptophos is a highly toxic organophosphate organophosphates pesticide pesticides that is no longer registered for use in the United States and its health effects result from cholinesterase inhibtion Cholinesterase Inhibitor (#Scorecard and #INCHEM). It is absorbed ...
Page: Lesser black whipsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Demansia vestigiata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Southern New ...
Page: Lessons Learned

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Lessons Learned Looking back to go forward Lessons Learned is a CHEWA bulletin feature focusing on an historical event that provides an important lesson for ensuring ...
Page: Levant viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Macrovipera lebetina Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Lewis Carroll

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !LewisCarrollSelfPhoto.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 January 14, 1898), better known by the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, was an ...
Page: Libby, Montana

Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview !acrystals2.jpg thumbnail,align=left! A Vermiculite mine in Libby, Montana operated by the W.R. Grace and Company caused deaths and illnesses to several hundred people for the last half century as it released deadly asbestos fibers ...
Page: Linus Carl Pauling

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Pauling.1954.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 August 19, 1994) was an American chemist, peace activist, author ...
Page: Lissa Jones

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v85/mishamae/1.jpg! Background Lissa Jones is a Senior at San Jose State University, where she's majoring in English with a focus on publishing. Her interest in public and environmental wellbeing lead her to Toxipedia. Lissa can be reached at sleepstodream@gmail.com. \\ Pages ...
Page: List of FIHRI Board Members

FIHRI Board Members (Aug 15, 2010) Chuck Cornett Associate Professor, University of WisconsinPlatteville http://www.uwplatt.edu/chemep/chem/fac/Cornett/ Raquel Crider Ph.D. Retired Public Health Service Officer Renee Dufault Executive Director ...
Page: Lizards

Page: Local Issues (Washington State)

800pxDigitalelevationmapwashington.gif align=right,width=255,height=171! This page serves as an entry point to resources about environmental health issues in Washington State. Topic Pages on Toxipedia Advocacy Organizations, Map and Directory Advocacy Organizations \ see N. America ...
Page: London Great Smog

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !London.smog.jpg thumbnail, align=right! London was overwhelmed by a great smog, also referred to as the Big Smoke, starting on December 5, 1952, and lasting until December 9, 1952 ...
Page: Louis Lewin

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !lewin.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Louis Lewin (November 9, 1850 December 1, 1929) was a German pharmacologist. In 1886, he published the first methodical analysis ...
Page: Louis Pasteur

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !LouisPasteur.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Louis Pasteur December 27, 1822 September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist born in Dole. He is remembered ...
Page: Louisville Charter

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ The Charter The Louisville Charter for Safer Chemicals A Platform for Creating a Safe and Healthy Environment through Innovation Fundamental reform to current chemical laws is necessary to protect children ...
Page: Love Canal - Historical Perspective

Love Canal and the Love Canal Archive by Frederick Stoss Arts & Sciences Libraries, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY !Love.Canal.ny.map.png thumbnail, align=right! Love Canal is a neighborhood in Niagara Falls, New York, which became the subject of national ...
Page: Love Canal Archives (University at Buffalo, UB Libraries, Special Collections)

Style Definitions \/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal p @page Section1 div.Section1 \><\!\ /\ Style Definitions \/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal p @page Section1 div.Section1 \><\!\ /\ Style Definitions \/ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal p @page Section1 div.Section1 \><\!\ /\ Style Definitions \/ p.MsoNormal ...
Page: Love Canal Disaster

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \This article has been tagged for development.\\\ Overview From 1942 to 1953 a landfill in the Niagara Falls area known was the love canal, was contaminated by Hooker Chemical and then sold to the city after ...
Page: Lowland copperhead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Austrelaps superbus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Lowland swamp viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Proatheris superciliaris Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: East ...
Page: LSD

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !lsd.png thumbnail, align=right! Overview Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 in the Sandoz Laboratories (now Novartis). In 1943 Abby ...
Page: Lucio Costa

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Lucio Costa Overview !lcosta.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Lucio Costa is Professor, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington. (UW web site http://depts.washington.edu/envhlth/faculty.php ...
Page: Luke Cole

Overview !cole.luke.jpg thumbnail, align=right!  From his New York Times Obituary http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/11/us/11cole.html?r=1&scp=1&sq=cole&st=nyt: June 6, 2009 "Luke Cole, an early leader ...

M
Page: m-Methoxybenzaldehyde

See pAnisaldehyde
Page: M34 Bomb

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The M34 cluster bomb was first tested by the Air force and Army Chemical Corps in 1954. The 1,000 pound bomb contained 76 Sarin\filled bomblets ...
Page: M55

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The M55 was developed in the early 1960s to deliver nerve agents, Sarin and VX. It was six feet long and weighed fifty0five pounds with a warhead capapble of being filled ...
Page: MacClelland's coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Sinomicrurus macclellandi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possible myotoxins and neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: MacMahon's viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Eristicophis macmahonii Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Presynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins, Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg, atomic number 12, atomic weight 24.3050 and common oxidation number \2. Magnesium, an alkaline earth metal http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Metals, is the ninth most abundant element in the universe ...
Page: Mahatma Gandhi

Quotes Gandhi on Nonviolence "Nonviolence is the greatest force at the disposal of mankind. It is mightier than the mightiest weapon of destruction devised by the ingenuity of man." "Nonviolence is the law of the human race and is infinitely greater than, and superior to, brute force. " External Links Mahatma Gandhi ...
Page: Malabar pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Trimeresurus malabaricus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Southwestern India ...
Page: Malathion

Lead author: Allison Camp \\ \\ Overview Malathion is an organophosphate Organophosphates (OP) insecticide that is a neurotoxin Neurotoxins.   It was first registered in 1956, and remains in use.  Although malathion has a lower level of toxicity to humans than many ...
Page: Malayan pitviper

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Malaysia

Government Agencies Ministry of Agriculture and Agrobased Industries http://agrolink.moa.my/moa/ (Kementerian Pertanian dan AgroIndustri http://agrolink.moa.my/moa/index.php?lang=ms) Ministry of Domestic Trade http://www.kpdnhep.gov.my/index.cgi (Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan ...
Page: male genitourinary embryology

MALE EMBRYOLOGY \\ Gonads             If there is an XY sex chromosomal karyotype, the Y chromosome encodes the testisdetermining factor (TDF) on its short arm.  The best ...
Page: Mangshan pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Zhaoermia mangshanensis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Mangshan, Nan ...
Page: Manhattan Project

Overview The Manhattan Project was a project by the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada to develop the first nuclear weapon (atomic bomb) during World War II. The project is formally designated as the Manhattan Engineer District (MED), which refers specifically to the project ...
Page: Mapping the Environment

earth.jpg thumbnail! Mapping Environmental Issues Contents # #text \\ Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Clean up the World Map UNEP http://activities.cleanuptheworld.org/ interactive map
Page: Marcellin Berthelot

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !berthelot.gif thumbnail, align=left! Marcellin (or Marcelin) Pierre Eugène Berthelot (October 25, 1827 March 18, 1907) was a French chemist and politician noted ...
Page: March 1

1896 Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity. 1954 Nuclear testing: The Castle Bravo wanmec:Castle Bravo, a 15megaton hydrogen bomb, was detonated on Bikini Atoll in the Pacific Ocean, resulting in the worst radioactive contamination ever caused by the United States. 1929 ...
Page: March 10

1805 Felice Fontana, an Italian physicist who discovered the water gas shift reaction in 1780, died on this day. He is also credited with launching modern toxicology and investigating the human eye. previous day March 9 \ next day ...
Page: March 11

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1507 Cesare Borgia died today was a SpanishItalian condottiero, lord, and cardinal. The Borgias were known Italian assassins who used arsenic to poison people for both political and monetary gain during the 15th and 16th centuries. 1853 Mathieu Orfila ...
Page: March 13

2006 Six men in London are hospitalized during trials of the drug TGN1412, which raised concerns about human drug trials. 1968 VX Nerve gas toxipedia:Nerve Agents accident at Skull Valley toxipedia:Skull Valley, Utah ...
Page: March 14

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Page: March 15

1813 John Snow born today was a British physician is considered to be one of the fathers of epidemiology, because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in Soho, England, in 1854. previous day March 14 \ next day March 16
Page: March 16

1988 Halabja Poison Gas Attack: The Kurdish town of Halabja in Iraq was attacked with a mix of poison gas and nerve agents and thousands of people were killed. previous day March 15 \ next day March 17
Page: March 17

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1907 Marcellin Berthelot, one of the greatest chemists of all time, died today. 1937 New London School explosion occurred, when a natural gas leak caused an explosion, destroying the London School of New London, Texas. The disaster ...
Page: March 19

1883 Norman Haworth, a British chemist, was born on this day. Haworth received the Nobel Prize in 1937 for his work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and carbohydrate structures. 1860 William Jennings Bryan, the chief proponent of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act ...
Page: March 2

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Page: March 20

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Page: March 2010 Newsletter

first few months of 2010 have brought some exciting developments to Toxipedia. We have created a new section on the site where you will find information and resources on Toxic Chemicals in Household Products. In addition, we are excited to announce the launch ...
Page: March 21

2000 The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the toxipedia:Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lacks the authority to regulate tobacco nicotine. previous day March 20 \ next day March 22
Page: March 22

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Page: March 23

2005 On March 23, 2005, a fire and explosion occurred at BP's Texas City Refinery Texas City Refinery Explosion in Texas City, Texas, killing 15 workers and injuring more than 170 others. 1995 Russell Earl Marker ...
Page: March 24

1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill Exxon Valdez Oil Spill: The Exxon Valdez spilled 240,000 barrels (42,000 m³) of petroleum in Alaska's Prince William Sound after running aground. previous day March 23 \ next day ...
Page: March 25

1911 The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire at the Triangle Waist Company in New York City killed 146 young immigrant workers, mostly women. This was of the worst disasters of the Industrial Revolution. previous day March 24 \ next day March 26
Page: March 26

1953 Jonas Salk announced his polio vaccine. 1975 The Biological Weapons Convention entered into force Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction . previous day March 25 \ next day March ...
Page: March 27

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Page: March 28

1979 The Three Mile Island Radioactive Leak Three Mile Island Disaster occurred 10 miles southeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA. previous day March 27 \ next day March 29
Page: March 29

1927 John Robert Vane (d. 2004), an English pharmacologist, was born. Vane received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on aspirin. 2004 The Republic of Ireland became the first country in the world to ban smoking nicotine in all ...
Page: March 3

1938 Oil was discovered in Saudi Arabia. previous day March 2 \ next day March 4
Page: March 30

1135 Birth of Moses Maimonides (March 30, 1135 December 13, 1204), a Jewish rabbi, physician, and philosopher who wrote the famous Treatise on Poisons and Their Antidotes. 1842 Anesthesia was used for the first time in an operation by Dr. Crawford Long ...
Page: March 31

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Page: March 4

1810 Following a hurricane, that lasted 4 days, two British ships, HMS Triumph wrecked Spanish vessel and HMS Phipps, salvaged a large load of elemental mercury from a wrecked Spanish vessel near Cadiz, Spain. 1927 Ira ...
Page: March 5

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Page: March Newsletter

Toxipedia{} {}Update{}   \  {}March{} {}2009{} Featured Quote "I think the environment should be put in the category of our national security. Defense of our resources is just as important as defense abroad. Otherwise what is there to defend?" Robert Redford March ...
Page: Marcia Zimmerman

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Marcia Zimmerman Overview !M.Zimmerman.pic.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Marcia Zimmerman Biography 2011 Marcia Zimmerman is an internationally recognized author or health and nutrition books, articles, and presentations. Her ...
Page: MARE CLEAN 200

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Maria M. Williams

Maria in Tree SV.jpg align=right,width=217,height=290! Maria Williams, editor, joined the staff of Toxipedia in August 2009. Maria develops, recruits, and edits content for the site and assists with overall site management. She also serves as managing ...
Page: Maria Williams

M.Williams.jpg thumbnail! Editor for Healthy World Theater hwt:Welcome. Maria Williams has a Masters degree in English from Western Washington University
Page: Marie Curie

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Mariecurie.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Marie Curie was born Maria Skodowska in Warsaw, Russianoccupied Poland on November 7, 1867 and died July 4, 1934 ...
Page: Marijuana

Author: Aleksandra Buha Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Overview Marijuana is derived from the Indian hemp plant, Cannabis sativa, a member of the Cannabaceae family. All types of cannabis strains both male and female plants produce THC ...
Page: Marijuana Tax Act of 1937

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Marijuana.jpg thumbnail, align=left! In the United States, the 1937 Marijuana Tax Act, Pub. 238, 75th Congress, 50 Stat. 551 (August 2, 1937 ...
Page: Martin Luther King

Overview !MLK.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Martin Luther King, Jr. was born on January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and assinated April 4, 1968, on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee. Biography "I refuse to accept the cynical notion ...
Page: Massasauga

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Sistrurus catenatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins, myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Master Home Environmentalist (MHE) Program

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Aileen Gagney gagney, aileen Overview The Master Home Environmentalist© (MHE©) Program supported by ALAW http://www.alaw.org/airquality/masterhomeenvironmentalist is an innovative approach to addressing issues of indoor pollution that can ...
Page: Mathieu J. B. Orfila

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Orfila3.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila (April 24, 1787 March 12, 1853) was a Spanishborn toxicologist and chemist and the founder of the science ...
Page: Matt Pamuku

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Matt Pamuku Overview CEO Matt is a veteran entrepreneur having spent time on both sides of the R&D bench. After running bioanalytical core facilities at Mass General Hospital and Harvard ...
Page: Matthew J. Geraci

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Matthew J. Geraci Overview !Geraci Headshot1.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Matthew J. Geraci, PharmD, EOD hails from Humble, Texas. He is an Eagle Scout and a 1994 ...
Page: May 1

1956 The polio vaccine, developed by Jonas Salk, is made available to the public. 1956 A doctor in Japan reports an "epidemic of an unknown disease of the central nervous system," marking the official discovery of Minamata disease Minamata, Japan. previous day ...
Page: May 10

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2004 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention, entered into force, with ratification by an initial 128 parties and 151 signatories. previous day May 16 \ next day May 18
Page: May 18

1889 Thomas Midgley, Jr. (May 18, 1889 November 2, 1944), an American chemist who developed the tetraethyl lead (TEL) additive for gasoline and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), was born. previous day May 17 \ next day May ...
Page: May 19

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Page: May 2

1519 Leonardo da Vinci died. previous day May 1 next day May 3
Page: May 20

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Page: May 2010 Newsletter

We hope this newsletter find you all well and ready to enjoy the beginning of summer. This past month has been quite busy at Toxipedia with research and new articles on a variety of topics. Below you will find some information on our recent ...
Page: May 21

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Page: May 23

2001 Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants Stockholm Convention, which was adopted. previous day May 22 \ next day May 24
Page: May 24

2010 The Allen Institute for Brain Science launched the Allen Human Brain Atlas, a publicly available online atlas charting genes at work throughout the human brain. previous day May 23 \ next day May 25
Page: May 25

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Page: May 26

1888 Ascanio Sobrero, an Italian chemist who discovered nitroglycerin, a powerful explosive and vasodilator, died on this day. previous day May 25 \ next day May 27
Page: May 27

1907\ Rachel Louise Carson Rachel Carson was born. Carson was an American marine biologist whose book Silent Spring is often credited with having launched the global environmental movement. 1907 An outbreak of Bubonic plague black death ...
Page: May 28

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1886 Chemist John Pemberton placed his first advertisement for CocaCola; the ad appeared in the Atlanta Journal. 2006 The Sidoarjo mud flow or Lapindo mud, in the subdistrict of Porong, Sidoarjo in East Java, Indonesia that has been ongoing since May ...
Page: May 3

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Page: May 31

1889 The Johnstown Flood South Fork Dam occurred on May 31, 1889, the result of the failure of the South Fork Dam released 20 million tons of water and killed over 2,200 people. previous day May 30 \ next day ...
Page: May 4

1600 Jean Nicot, died today, was a French diplomat and scholar, brought the Tobacco plant to Europe and it was named after him as well as Nicotine. previous day May 3 \ next day May 5
Page: May 5

1821\ Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...? died while in exile on the island of Saint Helena, perhaps by arsenic A Small Dose of Arsenic poisoning. previous day May 4 \ next day May 6
Page: May 6

1830 Abraham Jacobi, considered the father of pediatrics, was born. previous day May 5 \ next day May 7
Page: May 7

1908 Leo Henryk Sternbach Leo Sternbach was born on this day (d. September 28, 2005). Sternbach was a PolishJewish chemist credited with inventing the benzodiazepine, a class of tranquilizers including librium and valium. previous day May 6 \ next day May ...
Page: May 8

1794 AntoineLaurent de Lavoisier Antoine Lavoisier guillotined today, the "father of modern chemistry", a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry and biology. He found and termed both oxygen (1778) and hydrogen (1783), helped construct the metric system. 2011 ...
Page: May 9

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Page: May Newsletter

Quote of the Month: "The greatest wealth is health." Virgil Call for Contributors Create a Page Edit Pages user guide Contributing an Editorial this is my health Interning at Toxipedia (Undergrad and graduate students) intern at toxipedia University Partnerships Toxipedia Update ...
Page: MCPA

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview !MCPAstructure.png align=right! MCPA is an herbicide that was registered with the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency in 1973. MCPA acid is the parent chemical ...
Page: Meat Production and Environmental Health

Overview !800pxVached'Abondance.jpg thumbnail,align=left! This page provides resources on the relationship between meat production and global environmental health. In 2006, the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimated that the meat industry is responsible for 18% of global greenhouse gas emissions ...
Page: Mecoprop-p

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby Overview Mecoprop, commonly known as MCPP, is a chlorophenoxy herbicide that was registered in 1960s. This initial formulation consisted of two chemical isomers in equal proportion, only one of which is the active ...
Page: Medpedia Topics of Interest for Toxipedia

Page: Meg Beagle

Overview Meg Beagle is a prolific limerick writer see her work at Omnificent English Dictionary In Limerick Form http://www.oedilf.com/db/Lim.php Articles Written by XXX ToxJunk:Meg's limericks
Page: Meg K. Rayford

MegRayford.JPG align=left! Meg Rayford is a Development Associate with Toxipedia.  She holds an Master of Science in Marketing Management and Public Relations from the University of MarylandUC, and a Bachelor's degree in Psychology and Women's Studies from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell ...
Page: Melamine

Lead Authors: Professor Jack Vanden Heuvel and his Fall 2008 Veterinary Biology Seminar at Pennsylvania State University Lead Editor: Sean Foley Chemical Description Melamine (CAS No. 108781) is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5triazine ...
Page: Melamine Risk Assessment

Current Events  EFSA Statement Presentation
Page: Mercaptans

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Thiolgroup.svg.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Thiols are a organosulfur compound that contains a carbonbonded sulfhydryl (CSH or RSH) group (where R represents an alkane, alkene ...
Page: Mercury

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead authors: Sean Foley and Michelle Gaither Overview There are two forms of mercury: inorganic mercury and organic methylmercury (MeHg). When inorganic mercury evaporates, it is biotransformed into methylmercury through microbial methylation in saltwater and freshwater ...
Page: Mercury Cycle

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !mercury cycle.gif thumbnail! Structure Retrieved from Environment Canada http://www.ec.gc.ca/MERCURY/EH/EN/ehb.cfm. The essence of the Mercury Cycle is the evaporation of inorganic mercury from ...
Page: Mercury Exposure, Nutritional Deficiencies and Metabolic Disruptions May Affect Learning in Children

Abstract Among dietary factors, learning and behavior are influenced not only by nutrients, but also by exposure to toxic food contaminants such as mercury that can disrupt metabolic processes and alter neuronal plasticity. Neurons lacking in plasticity are a factor in neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and mental ...
Page: Mercury from Chlor-alkali Plants - Measured Concentrations in Food Product Sugar

Abstract Mercury cell chloralkali products are used to produce thousands of other products including food ingredients such as citric acid, sodium benzoate, and high fructose corn syrup. High fructose corn syrup is used in food products to enhance shelf ...
Page: Mercury in Fish and Cardiovascular Disease

Does mercury exposure from fish consumption increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? Probably.  Depends on how much mercury exposure and dietary selenium levels. In a recent article published by the New England Journal of Medicine, researchers "found ...
Page: Mercury in the Food Supply

Studies have shown that consumption of certain food ingredients leads to mineral imbalances such as zinc and selenium loss or deficiency (1, 2, 3).   These minerals are essential elements important in disease prevention because they are key factors in preventing cell ...
Page: Mercury Poisoning in Iraq - 1971

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview During the winter of 19711972, pinkcolored seed grain coated with a mercury fungicide fungicides was ground into bread and tragically consumed by Iraqis tragically exposing over 40,000 people of all ...
Page: Mercury Tragedy at Dartmouth

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert In 1996, Dartmouth College professor and toxic chemical specialist Dr. Karen E. Wetterhahn was fatally poisoned by dimethylmercury, she died June 8, 1987. The compound ...
Page: Merob Shimele

author.pic.JPG thumbnail! Add picture insert short author bio more info \\ \\ Articles Written by XXX xxx \\ \\ Articles Edited by XXX
Page: Metaldehyde

Topic editor: Dan Becker http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/DanBecker Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Common Name: Metaldehyde Chemical Name: 2,4,6,8tetramethyl1,3,5,7tetraoxylcyclooctane Molecular Weight: 176.20 CAS Registry Numbers: 9002919 ...
Page: Metals

600pxMercurythermometer.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Pages on Specific Metals Arsenic toxipedia:A Small Dose of Arsenic Expanded\! Cadmium (Cd) Cadmium (cd) Lead (Pb) lead Expanded\! Magnesium (Mg) Magnesium Mercury (Hg) mercury Plutonium Thallium Uranium ...
Page: Methamidophos

Overview Methamidophos is a highly toxic, highly regulated systemic and residual organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides, acaracide, and avicide (#EXTOXNET). Its #Health Effects are consistent with all organophosphates, and result in the inhibition of the enzyme cholinesterase cholinesterase inhibitor which disrupts normal ...
Page: Methamphetamine

text Contents # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text \\ \\ Topic editor: editor name Lead author: author name \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals ...
Page: Methomyl

Overview Methomyl is a highly toxic carbamate carbamates insecticide insecticides first registered in 1968 by the EPA environmental protection agency as a "Restricted use Pesticide (RUP)" and is used on a wide variety of crops (#EPA and #PAN). It is a cholinesterase inhibitor and is often most effective ...
Page: Methyl Bromide

Overview Methyl bromide is a broad spectrum pesticide used in the control of pest insects, nematodes, weeds, pathogens, and rodents. In the U.S., methyl bromide has been used in agriculture, primarily for soil fumigation, as well as for commodity and quarantine treatment, and structural fumigation ...
Page: Methyl Cellosolve

article is tagged for development. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Methyl Cellosolve Use: solvent Solvents Chemical Profiles and External Links CAS No: 109864 Molecular Formula: CH ...
Page: Methyl cinnamate

Overview !methylcinnamate.png! Methyl cinnamate is a type of cinnamic acid that occurs naturally in a variety of fruits, spices, and herbs. It is most often used to create flavorings and perfumes
Page: Methyl Isocyanate

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Methylisocyanate.png thumbnail,align=right! Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C2H3NO, arranged as H3CN=C=O. Synonyms are isocyanatomethane ...
Page: Methylene Chloride

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !MethyleneChloride.PNG thumbnail, align=right! Methylene Chloride, also called dichloromethane, is colorless liquid with a mild, chloroform\like odor that is used in many different industrial ...
Page: Mevinphos

Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Mevinphos Use: organophophate organophosphates insecticide insecticides Trade Names: Apavinphos, CMDP, ENT 22374, Fosdrin, Gesfid, Meniphos, Menite, Mevinox ...
Page: Mexican cantil

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Agkistrodon bilineatus Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, myotoxins, and haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Mexican horned pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Ophrycus undulatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants and Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Michelle Gaither

Michelle Gaither currently works for the Pollution Prevention Resource Center (www.pprc.org and ToxInspect & Co www.toxinspect.com working in the areas of reducing sustainability and toxics reduction. As an environmental scientist and mother of four, Michelle has a keen interest in eliminating or minimizing exposure ...
Page: Middle Ages

Period Overview The people and events below are in alphabetical order. For a chronological list please see the {}Toxicology Timeline{} http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ToxicologyTimeline{}. The Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages, roughly refers to the time between the fall of Ancient ...
Page: Milestones of Toxicology

Milestones of Toxicology an interactive poster !Milestone Poster 9.4.05Page1.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Milestones of Toxicology poster was created by Steven G. Gilbert and Toni Hayes Antoinette (Toni) Hayes in 2006 for the 45th Society of Toxicology meeting. The poster is interactive ...
Page: military-industrial complex

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !DwightD.Eisenhower.jpg thumbnail, align=right! President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower used the term in his Farewell Address to the Nation on January 17, 1961 ...
Page: Milksnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Lampropeltis triangulum Basic Information Venom name: Toxins: nonvenomous Manner of intake: bite Geographic range: Southeastern Canada and United States ...
Page: Milos viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Macrovipera schweizeri Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Minamata, Japan

article has been tagged for development.\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !E.Smith.hg.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Overview During the 1950's an acetaldehyde plant in Minamata began dumping heavy metals into the local bay ...
Page: Mining

Specific Types Gold Mining
Page: Mirex

Topic editor:Maria M. Williams Lead author:Aleksandra Buha Overview The insecticide mirex is a chlorinated hydrocarbon that was commercialized for 16 years (19621978) in the southeastern United States to control the imported fire ant. Mirex use became controversial when ...
Page: Mithradates the Great

Overview !Mithradates.book.jacket.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Mithradates (or Mithridates VI), rebel ruler of a kingdom on the Black Sea (NE Turkey), who sought a "universal antidote" to make himself immune to assassination by poisoning. After enemies murdered his father with arsenic ...
Page: Mithridata -- THiS

Issues 137 of Mithridata Mithridata Index Issues 137 Mithridata Index Issues 137.pdf Mithridata #1 (Jan 1991) Mithridata #1 (Jan 1991).pdf Mithridata #2 (Jul 1991) Mithridata #2 (Jul 1991).pdf Mithridata ...
Page: MITHRIDATE - Bulletin d'histoire des poisons

BHP.jpg align=center! Bulletin d'histoire des poisons 1 MITHRIDATE Bulletin d'histoire des poisons 1.pdf Bulletin d'histoire des poisons 2 MITHRIDATE Bulletin d'histoire des poisons 2.pdf Bulletin d'histoire des poisons 3 ...
Page: Mithridates VI

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Mithridates VI or Mithradates VI, also known as Mithridates the Great, was the King of Pontus in Asia Minor 120 BC to 63 BC. The ambitious Mithridates engaged Rome three ...
Page: Modern

Period Overview The people and events below are in alphabetical order. For a chronological list please see the {}Toxicology Timeline{} http://www.toxipedia.org/wiki/display/toxipedia/ToxicologyTimeline{}. The Modern Period is generally referred to as the period from the Industrial Revolution of the 18th Century to the end ...
Page: Monocled cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja kaouthia Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Monocrotophos

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Properties{} CAS number: 6923224 IMIS number: 2690 Molecular weight: 233.16 Molecular formula: C 7 H 14 NO 5 P Melting ...
Page: monosodium methyl arsenate

Monosodium Methyl Arsenate
Page: Montpellier snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Malpolon monspessulanus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possibly neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Mediterranean ...
Page: Montreal Protocol - Ozone Layer

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !OZONElayer.antarctic.png thumbnail,align=right! The Montreal Protocol on Substances That Deplete the Ozone Layer (a protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer) is an international treaty ...
Page: Moorish viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Microvipera mauritanica Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable Procoagulants coagulants and haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Morhange Powder

Overview In France, 36 children died after being exposed to talc contaminated with hexachlorophene in 1972. This crisis, preceded a few months earlier in the United States by a warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) toxipedia:Food and Drug Administration (FDA ...
Page: Morphine

Overview Morphine, (C 17 H 19 NO 3 )named after Morpheus the God of dreams and son of Hypnos the God of sleep, is the most prominent of the 24 different alkaloids that make up Opium. It was first isolated in 1803 yet the full chemical ...
Page: Moses Maimonides

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Rambam.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Moses Maimonides (March 30, 1135 Córdoba, Spain December 13, 1204 Fostat, Egypt), was a Jewish Rabbi, philosopher ...
Page: Mount Vesuvius

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Vesuvius1822scrope.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Mount Vesuvius is a 1,218 meter volcano 9 miles east of Naples, Italy. The mountain was formed by the collision of two tectonic ...
Page: Mountain pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Ovophis monticola Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable Procoagulants coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Movie Resources

Add your favorite toxicology movie Popular Movies Erin Brockovich 2000 movie which dramatizes the story of Erin Brockovich's first fight against the West Coast energy giant PG&E. The case,Anderson v. Pacific Gas & Electric ...
Page: Mozambique spitting cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja mossambica Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption through eye tissues and bites Absorption ...
Page: Mr. Yuk

Mr.yuk.png thumbnail! Symbol adopted by the Pittsburgh Poison Center at The Children's Hospital in 1971. Used to educate children and parents about poisons and to prevent accidental poisonings. Mr. Yuk on youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLsONa3gKIQ\\ \\ \\ Contents # Toxicological Perspective ...
Page: Muller's snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Aspidomorphus muelleri Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: New Guinea ...
Page: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity

Overview Name: Multiple Chemical Sensitivity or Environmental Illness \\ Effects: People unusually sensitive to chemical odors such as household chemicals or fragrances \\ Source: Natural and manufactured chemicals \\ Recommended daily intake: None limit exposure to sensitive agents \\ Sensitive individuals ...
Page: Murad IV Ghazi

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !MuradIV.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Murad IV Ghazi (July 26, 1612 – February 9, 1640) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1623 to 1640 ...
Page: Muscle Shoals

Overview Muscle Shoals is the formal name for "Site A", which was used as a development facility for United States nerve agent nerve agents production. Built by the Vitro Corporation, Muscle Shoals was located on 45 acres of land in Northwest Alabama. It began operations ...
Page: Mustard Gas

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Mustard Gas Poster Mustard Gas poster Mustard Gas History Poster Rev4 20110823.pdf (3 mgb) by Matthew J. Geraci, PharmD, EOD and Mahdi ...
Page: MV Erika - oil tanker

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !erikaoiltanker.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Erika was the name of an tanker built in 1975 and last chartered by TotalFinaElf. She sank off the coast of France December ...
Page: My Personal Toxic Avenger Survival Guide

Rachel Koller January 1, 2010 Toxins and airplane cabin air quality? Landlords who refuse to stop spraying pesticides? Chemicals in child car seats?  These are a few examples of the inquiry topics I receive at the Washington Toxics ...
Page: My Thoughts on Community Health

Danielle Morvan My life as I remember it started in a studio apartment in South Florida with my mother and older brother, in a neighborhood where we were encouraged to stay inside at all times. Not having access to safe, open green spaces ...
Page: My Thoughts on Health (Bernard Weiss)

I Believe By Bernard Weiss, PhD July 3, 2005 I was one of the founders of the scientific discipline called behavioral toxicology. Toxicology is most often defined as the science of poisons. Behavioral toxicology is that aspect that seeks to understand how our behavior ...
Page: My Thoughts on Health (Karen McDonell)

Karen McDonell I believe we live on the most extraordinary planet in the universe. I'll bet our Earth sparkles like a sapphire from space. A marvelous Blue Planet uniquely designed to sustain life. It is nothing less than a miracle ...
Page: Myclobutanil

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby !800pxTablegrapesonwhite.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Overview Myclobutanil is a conazole class fungicide. It is used heavily to control fungi affecting wine and table grapes, especially ...
Page: Myotoxins

N
Page: N,N-Dimethylformamide

article is tagged for development. Overview Dimethylformamide is a clear liquid, miscible with water and majority of organic solvents solvent and it is used as a solvent in the production of fibers, films, and surface coatings (#EPA). Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley \\ {}Just ...
Page: NACCT-THR-2010

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology http://www.clintox.org/index.cfm and the American Association of Poison Control Centers http://www.aapcc.org/ held the North American Congress of Clinical ...
Page: NACCT-THR-2011

NACCT 2011 Overview The North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology 2011 http://www.contemporaryforums.com/en/LiveCEConferences/NorthAmericanCongressofClinicalToxicology/ was convened at the Omni Shoreham Hotel in Washington DC, September 2126. This annual meeting is sponsored by The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology http ...
Page: Nagasaki, Japan

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Nagasaki, Japan Overview !Nagasakibomb.jpg thumbnail, align=left! On August 9, 1945, Nagasaki was the target of the world's second atomic bomb attack at 11:02 a.m. ...
Page: Naled

Overview Naled is an organophosphate organophosphates insecticide insecticides first registered for use as an "adulticide insecticide" in 1959 primarily to control adult mosquitoes (#EPA Pesticides Mosquito Control, 2007). Naled breaks down into dichlorvos in both animals and in the environment ...
Page: Nancy Dickeman

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Nancy Dickeman Nancy Dickeman !Nancy with peace card.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Nancy Dickeman is a local writer and a cofounder of the multidisciplinary exhibit, Particles on the Wall http://www.particlesonthewall.org. Her first ...
Page: Nanotec Risk Assessment

http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=carbonnanotubesnanotechnology&revid=183590623&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF8&ei=5vJsS9X8CobOsQOI7OGxDQ&sa=X&oi=videoresultgroup&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CB0QqwQwAw
Page: Nanotech Risk Assessment

Aster's Letter LETTERTOEXECUTIVE,022510.doc Aster's Editorial NANOTECHEDITERIALREPORT,0225.doc  Regina's Letter Regina's Letter.doc Regina's Editorial Regina's Editorial.doc Carbon Nanotubes Powerpoint CARBON NANOTUBES POWERPOINT FINAL.ppt Summary of Powerpoint Carbon Nanotubes Summary.doc Websites & Resources Nanotechnology ...
Page: Nanotechnology

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Lester Jacobson \\ !Cobalt Nanoparticle.jpg! A Cobalt nanoparticle coated with layers of graphene (Wikicommons) Background What are Nanoparticles? The defining characteristic of nanoparticles is their size, which is 100 nanometers or less, which is roughly ...
Page: NANOTECHNOLOGY CARBON NANOTUEBES

http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&q=carbonnanotubesnanotechnology&revid=183590623&resnum=0&um=1&ie=UTF8&ei=5vJsS9X8CobOsQOI7OGxDQ&sa=X&oi=videoresultgroup&ct=title&resnum=4&ved=0CB0QqwQwAw
Page: NANOTECHNOLOGY Does it help us or hurt us?

Nanotechnology:From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology Can Technology Spare the Earth? http://phe.rockefeller.edu/sparetheearth/ Experts: Technology Could Save or Destroy Civilization This Century http://www.livescience.com/technology/060930worldfuture.html Centers for responsible nanotechnology (CRN ...
Page: Napalm

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !vietnamnapalm1966.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Napalm is jellied gasoline that sticks to strutures as it burns at an incredibly high temperature. On July 17, 1944, napalm incendiary ...
Page: Napoleon Bonaparte

Main article: Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...? toxipedia:Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...? Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Todd J. Stedeford Overview Napoleon Bonaparte died Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...? on May ...
Page: Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...?

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author:Todd J. Stedeford !NapoleonBonaparte.jpg thumbnail,align=center! Napoleon in His Study by JacquesLouis David (1812) Overview Napoleon Bonaparte died on May 5th, 1821 in exile on the island of Saint Helena ...
Page: Natal blacksnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Macrelaps microlepidotus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possibly Sarafotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: South ...
Page: National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS)

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Kaitlin Mallory The Clean Air Act stipulates the enforcement of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), or air pollution limits for six contaminants that are believed to be most harmful to humans and the environment. Contaminants ...
Page: National Environmental Information Exchange Network Grant Program

http://test.epacdxnode.net/faq/images/general/NetworkOverview.gif! The Exchange Network is an internetbased information database shared by the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) environmental protection agency, states, regional EPA environmental protection agency branches, tribes, territories ...
Page: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)

NIOSHlogo2.gif align=left! \\ The information below is taken from the NIOSH website (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/about.html, http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/strategic/). Summary, Mission, and Strategic Goals and Objectives The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the federal ...
Page: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

information below is taken from the NIEHS website (http://www.niehs.nih.gov/about/index.cfm). !idbnr.gif align=left!\\ Summary The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), located in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, is one of 27 research institutes ...
Page: National Toxicology Program

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Dori Germolec Overview !mastHeadhome.gif align=left! \\ For the past 30 years, the NTP has been a leader in toxicology testing and research and provided important scientific information upon which public ...
Page: Natural Landscaping

opening.jpg! Contents # #Overview # #5 Steps to Successful Landscapes # #Design Phase # #Building Phase # #Operations and Management # #Additional Resources \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: David McDonald \\ Overview This guide is divided into sections for the design, building, and operations ...
Page: Natural nuclear fission reactor

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !OkloinGabon.jpg thumbnail,align=right! !GabonGeologyOklo.png thumbnail,align=left! A natural nuclear fission reactor is a uranium deposit where analysis of isotope ratios has ...
Page: Nematocyst Venom

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Christine Zarker Primomo {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Nematocyst Venom \\ Use: none \\ Source: Jellyfish, Anemona, Coral \\ Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) \\ Absorption: skin \\ Sensitive ...
Page: NEOS AB3000

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Nephrotoxins

Please contribute
Page: Nerve Agents

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Nerve Agents were developed just prior to World War II initially as insecticides but later used as chemical warfare agents and were advanced throughout the 20th century ...
Page: Neurobehavioral Testing

Overview Neurobehavioral testing is a noninvasive method used to evaluate the performance of the central nervous system in an individual or group with similar exposures. Test batteries consist of tasks that measure performance of particular neurologic function, such as ability to learn, reaction time, memory ...
Page: Neuropathology

section is broken into two parts I. Peripheral Nervous System Pathology II Central Nervous System Pathology I. General Pathology of the Peripheral Nerve Two types of injury are possible: Schwann cell and Nerve Axon 1. Segmental Demyelination ...
Page: Neurotoxicological Effects

Exposure to pesticides has been linked to a variety of disorders that negatively affect the nervous system, including the brain and spine (neurological disorders). These disorders range in intensity from headaches and nausea, to depression, to debilitating diseases such as Parkinson's. The following studies demonstrate the relationship ...
Page: Neurotoxicology

Main article: Neurotoxins Teaching Resources Powerpoint Presentation on Neurotoxicology chp15slneurotox.ppt External Links Organization For Economic CoOperation And Development (OECD) Chemical Safety. Online. (accessed: 10 April 2003). This OECD Site contains general information on chemical safety ...
Page: Neurotoxins

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Allison Camp Neuron Introduction !neurotoxin1.jpg thumbnail! Neurons are one of the main mechanisms of intracellular communication within the body. Bundles of neurons, known as nerves, are responsible for innervating muscles and organs, while neurons ...
Page: Neurotransmitters

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Allison Camp Overview Amines Quaternary Amines: Acetylcholine (ACh) Monamines: Catecholamines: Norepinephrine(NE), Epinephrine (adrenaline), Dopamine(DA) Idolamines: Serotonin (5HT), Melatonin Amino Acids: Gammaaminobutyric acid ...
Page: Nevada Test Site

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Overview !NucleartestNevada1951.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Nevada Test Site (NTS) is a United States Department of Energy reservation located in southeastern Nye County, Nevada, about ...
Page: new author

author.pic.JPG thumbnail! insert short author bio more info \\ \\ Articles Written by Steven Gilbert Precautionary Principle Pure Food and Drugs Act (1906) \\ \\ Articles Edited by Steven Gilbert
Page: New Guinea death adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Acanthophis laevis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: New Guinea small-eyed snake

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: New London School explosion

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !New.London.school.exp.jpg thumbnail, align=right! !New.schoold.Cenotaphtop.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The New London School explosion occurred on March 18, 1937, when a natural gas ...
Page: New Page

Ministerio de la Produccion Instituto Nacional de Salud Salud Ocupacional Toxinologia Universities UNMSM Quimica Toxicologia UNI Ing Ambiental PUCP Quimica UPCH Quimica IMTaVH Banco de Sueros Immunologicos UNAP Professional Societies ...
Page: Newhouse, Kathleen

Kathleen Newhouse, MS, is a toxicologist at the EPA's Environmental Protection Agency National Center for Environmental Assessment in Washington, D.C. She currently resides in Washington, D.C. \\ \\ Articles Written by Kathleen Newhouse
Page: News and Events

Toxipedia Newsletter Click HERE http://toxipedia.us2.listmanage.com/subscribe?u=e36ea84727c8ba1da4ac32f83&id=d4ab450e29 to subscribe to the Toxipedia newsletter\! Read our latest newsletters here http://us2.campaignarchive.com/home/?u=e36ea84727c8ba1da4ac32f83&id=d4ab450e29\! See our newsletter archives ...
Page: Newsletters

2010 Newsletters January January 2010 Newsletter March March 2010 Newsletter April April 2010 Newsletter May May 2010 Newsletter June June 2010 Newsletter July July 2010 Newsletter September http://us2.campaignarchive.com/?u ...
Page: Neyshabur Incident

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Iran.train.disaster.jpg thumbnail! Overview The Nishapur, or Neyshabur, train disaster was actually an immense explosion in the village of Khayyam near Nishapur, Iran on February 18, 2004. Over ...
Page: Nick Thorp

Nick Thorp joined the Toxipedia staff in July of 2008 to manage the development and launch of IPMopedia http://www.ipmopedia.org. Since that time Nick's responsibilities and role has broadened as he now serves as project manager for Toxipedia http://www.toxipedia.org, IPMopedia http ...
Page: Nicotine

Lead Author: Steven G. Gilbert Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Overview !Litcigarette.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Nicotine is one of the most potent, toxic, and readily available drugs http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/DrugsandPharmaceuticals today. The history ...
Page: Nicotine - External Links and References

External Links European, Asian, and International Agencies • England Department of Health Public Health and Tobacco. Online: http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/Publichealth/Healthimprovement/Tobacco/index.htm (accessed: 24 August 2008). • Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. Online: <http ...
Page: Nicotine - Health Effects and Regulation

Nicotine is a highly toxic drug, with only 60 mg being lethal to an adult. The average cigarette contains 8 to 9 mg of nicotine; so one pack of cigarettes contains enough nicotine to kill the average adult, to say nothing ...
Page: Nicotine - Introduction and History

565pxAztecfeast1.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Nicotine was isolated from tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum) in 1828, but the powerful effects of nicotine were already well recognized. The tobacco plant is native to the Americas and its use as a medicine and stimulant goes back at least ...
Page: Nicotine - Recommendation and Conclusions

Given the serious health effects associated with cigarette smoking, primarily maintained by the addictive properties of nicotine, the best advice is not to start. Unfortunately, despite the obvious health problems and cost to society, thousands of young people start smoking each year. All ...
Page: Nicotine Case Studies

Divine Origin of Tobacco" Tobacco was a powerful medicine for the first people of the Americas. Native California tribal legend traces the origins of tobacco to sacred immortals that they believed first inhabited the land. The immortal ancestors gave tobacco to the humans to heal and guide them ...
Page: Nicotine Poisoning

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Causes Most often, nicotine poison is the result of of its use as an insecticide. But more children are going to the emergency room every year with nicotine poisoning as a result ...
Page: Nitrobenzene

article is tagged for development and cleanup. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Nitrobenzene CAS No: 98953 Trade Names: Caswell No. 600 Use: industrial chemical intermediary Overview Nitrobenzene ...
Page: Nitrogen

Please add content about nitrogen
Page: NOKOMIS 3-AA

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: NOKOMIS 3-F4

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Nonionizing Radiation

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information{} Name: Nonionizing Radiation Use: power transmission, communication, heating, cooking, vision, photosynthesis (sun light), etc. Source: Ultraviolet light, visible ...
Page: Nonylphenol and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates

Overview Nonylphenol (NP) and Nonylphenol Ethoxylates (NPE) are the most widely used members of the larger alkylphenol and alkylphenol ethoxylate family of nonionic surfactants. They are produced in large volumes, with uses that lead to widespread release to the aquatic environment. NP is persistent in the aquatic environment ...
Page: norepinephrine

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Page: Norman Haworth

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !haworth.gif thumbnail, align=left! Overview Norman Haworth (March 19, 1883 March 19, 1950) was a British chemist who received the Nobel Prize in 1937 for his ...
Page: North America

Elapidae Coralsnakes Sonoran coralsnake (micruroides euryxanthus) Sonoran coralsnake Eastern coralsnake (Micrurus fulvius) Eastern coralsnake Viperidae Pitvipers Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortix) Copperhead Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) Cottonmouth Mexican cantil (Agkistrodon bilineatus) Mexican cantil ...
Page: Northern cross adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera berus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Northwest Hazardous Materials Management Conference

Course Description and Material !SmDs cover high.sm.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Do you want to learn more about the principles of toxicology and the health effects of chemical exposures? You will benefit from "A Small Dose of Toxicology," an advanced course ...
Page: Norway

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: November 1

1815 Crawford Long was born, an American physician and pharmacist best known for his early use of diethyl ether as an anesthetic. On this day in 1952, the United States exploded the first hydrogen bomb in a test at Eniwetok in the Marshall Islands. On this day ...
Page: November 10

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Page: November 11

1493 Paracelsus, the "father of toxicology," was born on November 11 or December 17 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland. He died on September 24, 1541. previous day November 10 \ next day November 12
Page: November 12

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Page: November 13

2002 The Prestige oil spill was largest environmental disaster in Spain's history, when 20 million gallons of oil were releases when the Prestige oil tanker broke a part. previous day November 12 \ next day November 14
Page: November 14

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Page: November 15

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Page: November 16

1938 LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Albert Hofmann. previous day November 15 next day November 17
Page: November 17

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Page: November 2

1944 Thomas Midgley, Jr., an American chemist who developed the tetraethyl lead (TEL) additive for gasoline and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), died on this day. previous day November 1 \ next day November 3
Page: November 20

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Page: November 23

2006 Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko Alexander Litvinenko, a former KGB colonel and FSB lieutenantcolonel, died following exposure to Polonium 210. 1910 Hawley Harvey Crippen Hawley Crippen hanged today, American homeopathic physician hanged in Pentonville Prison ...
Page: November 24

1859 Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published on on this day, is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. previous day November 23 \ next day November 25
Page: November 25

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Page: November 26

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Page: November 28

1954 Enrico Fermi died on this day. Fermi was an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor. previous day November 27 \ next day November 29
Page: November 29

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Page: November 3

1906 Alois Alzheimer Alois Alzheimer, a German psychiatrist and neuropathologist, first defined Alzheimer's Disease on this day. previous day November 2 \ next day November 4
Page: November 30

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Page: November 4

1902 Otto Bayer (Otto Georg Wilhelm Bayer) was born in Frankfurt. Bayer, an industrial chemist, headed the research group at the German IG Farben that synthesized polyurethane foam in 1937. previous day November 3 \ next day November ...
Page: November 5

1714 Bernardo Ramazzini, an Italian physician who was one of the first to make the link between worker occupation and health, died on this day. previous day November 4 \ next day November 6
Page: November 6

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Page: November 7

1867 Marie Curie Marie Curie was born on this day. Marie Curie was a pioneer in the early field of radioactivity, later becoming the first twotime Nobel laureate and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different fields of science (physics and chemistry ...
Page: November 8

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Page: November 9

1850 Louis Lewin, a German pharmacologist, was born on this day. Lewin classified drugs and plants in accordance to their psychological effects. In 1886, he published the first methodical analysis of the Peyote cactus. previous day November 8 \ next day November 10
Page: Novichok

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Novichok, or Folient, Agents are binary Binary Weapons nerve agents developed by the former Soviet Union and later by Russia through the mid 1980s until around ...
Page: NPSR Statement on Precautionary Principle

Physicians for Social Responsibility (National PSR http://www.psr.org/) Resolution Affirming the Precautionary Principle: Be it resolved that Physicians for Social Responsibility endorses the Precautionary Principle and encourages government at all levels, the private sector, and health professionals to promote and abide by the precautionary principle ...
Page: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !nukeexplosionupdate.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Treaty on the NonProliferation of Nuclear Weapons, also Nuclear NonProliferation Treaty (NPT or NNPT) a treaty to limit the spread (proliferation) of nuclear ...
Page: Nuclear Power

See WANMEC Nuclear Power wanmec:Nuclear Power
Page: nuclear radiation

See Radioactive Decay
Page: NUCLEAR RADIATION CLEAN UP 1950s

NUCLEAR RADIATION CLEAN UP 1950s As I swing on the gate at my friend's house I watch white suited men disappear inside., their wandlike counters cackle at invisible findings spoken only in whispers from neighbor to neighbor. My ...
Page: NWECT - INND.Toxipedia Tox Course

Course Description and Material !SmDs cover high.sm.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Do you want to learn more about the principles of toxicology and the health effects of chemical exposures? You will benefit from "A Small Dose of Toxicology," a basic course based ...

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Page: O-Zone Layer

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Page: Occupational Safety & Health Act

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !osha.trouble.jpg thumbnail, align=left!!OSHA.logo.gif align=left! The United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor ...
Page: Oceanview Farms hog waste

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Hogconfinementbarninterior.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Intensive piggeries (or hog lots) are a type of factory farm specialized in the raising of domestic pigs up to slaughter weight. In this system ...
Page: October 1

1957 Thalidomide was marketed in Germany and Britain by the pharmaceutical company Grünenthal (based in the StolbergnearAachen) between October 1, 1957 and 1961. previous day September 30 \ next day October 2
Page: October 10

yyyy something toxic must have happened but what help us fill this in!! previous day October 9 next day October 11
Page: October 11

1976 The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) became law on October 11, 1976. previous day October 10 next day October 12
Page: October 12

1812 Birthdate of Ascanio Sobrero, an Italian chemist who discovered nitroglycerin, a powerful explosive and vasodilator, in 1847. 1965 Paul Hermann Muller, a Swiss Scientist, died on this day. Muller was awarded the 1948 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for recognizing ...
Page: October 13

1928 American football can be toxic football head injury warning in The Journal of the American Medical Association: "There is a very definite brain injury due to single or repeated blows on the head or jaw which cause multiple concussion hemorrhages. ... The condition can ...
Page: October 14

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Page: October 16

1964 People's Republic of China's conducted its first nuclear weapons test China first atomic bomb, detonated on at the Lop Nur test site, codenamed 596. previous day October 15 \ next day October 17
Page: October 17

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Page: October 19

2005 Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity during his reign as dictator of Iraq. The charges stem, in part, from his use of Chemical Weapons. previous day October 18 next day October 20
Page: October 2

1927 Svante August Arrhenius Svante Arrhenius died today, Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred to as a chemist, illustrate the application of the methods of physical chemistry to the study of the theory of toxins and antitoxins, and which were published in 1907 under the title ...
Page: October 20

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Page: October 21

1833 Alfred Bernhard Nobel alfred nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, armaments manufacturer, and inventor of dynamite, died on this day. previous day October 20 \ next day October 22
Page: October 22

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Page: October 23

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Page: October 25

1827 Marcellin Berthelot was born on this day. Berthelot was a French chemist who published the twovolume Chimie organique fondee sur la synthese (1860), which is the basis of modern organic chemistry. Berthelot was one of the first to produce organic compounds synthetically ...
Page: October 26

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Page: October 27

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Page: October 28

1912 Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll Richard Doll (October 28, 1912 July 24, 2005), a British epidemiologist, physiologist, and pioneer in research linking smoking to health problems, born on this day. previous day October 27 \ next ...
Page: October 29

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Page: October 3

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Page: October 30

yyyy something toxic must have happened but what help us fill this in!! previous day October 29 next day October 31
Page: October 31

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Page: October 4

1633 Bernardo Ramazzini, an Italian physician who wrote De Morbis Artificum Diatriba (Diseases of Workers), was born on this day. Romazzini is one of the founders of occupational medicine. 1906 Alice Mary Stewart was born, British physician and epidemiologist specialising ...
Page: October 5

2002 Anthony Mazzocchi died this day, was an American labor leader, instrumental in founding OSHA. 1953 The first documented recovery meeting of Narcotics Anonymous was held. previous day October 4 \ next day October 6
Page: October 6

1783 François Magendie, a French physiologist and pioneer in experimental physiology, was born on this day. Magendie researched the effects of morphine, quinine, strychnine, and other alkaloids on the nervous system and is regarded as the father of experimental pharmacology. 1966 LSD was declared illegal in the United States ...
Page: October 7

1855 Francois Magendie, considered the father of experimental pharmacology, died on this day. 1962 The U.S.S.R. performed a nuclear test at Novaya Zemlya, an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean. 1963 John F. Kennedy ratified the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. previous ...
Page: October 8

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Page: October 9

1852 Hermann Emil Fischer Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 July 15, 1919), a German chemist, discovered caffeine, defined the structure of sugar, and received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. 2005 Smoking was fully banned on the UK rail ...
Page: Official WLT Press Release

wltlogo.jpg align=center! Toxipedia, in partnership with the USA National Library of Medicine (NLM) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/, the International Union of Toxicology (IUTOX) http://www.iutox.org/, and the Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND), is proud to announce the launch of the World Library of Toxicology, Chemical ...
Page: Oil Dispersant

Topic Editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead Author: Nick Thorp This section of Toxipedia was created solely by Toxipedia staff. Overview !dispersantapp.jpg thumbnail! Oil Dispersant Application Photo from NOAA http://www.noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/s572.htm Oil dispersants are a common ...
Page: Oil Dispersant Glossary

Absorption to Sediment and Suspended Solids Certain chemicals have the ability to absorb and attach themselves to suspended solids and sediment in the water. By absorbing to solids and sediment they are more likely to enter the food chain as aquatic organisms eat and filter solids and sediment for food ...
Page: Okinawa habu

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Protobothrops flavovirdis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Haemorrhagins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Okinawa Sarin Leak

Overview On July 8, 1969 twentythree soldiers and one civilian working on the American army base on Okinawa became sick after one of the bombs filled wqith Sarin began to leak after a sandblast treatment (#Tucker, 2006). On July 18 ...
Page: Old Lead Belt

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !leadbelt.gif thumbnail,align=right! Location and Overview The Old Lead Belt is a mining area that covers 110 miles in southeastern Missouri. The first recorded mining occurred ...
Page: Olive seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Aipysurus laevis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, posysynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: On The Origin of Species

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !OriginofSpeciestitlepage.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !CharlesDarwinseated.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published on November 24, 1859, is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary ...
Page: Operation Crossroads

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !OperationCrossroadsBaker.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Operation Crossroads was a series of nuclear weapon tests conducted by the United States at Bikini Atoll in mid1946. It was the first test of a nuclear ...
Page: Operation Davey Jones' Locker

OPERATION DAVEY JONES' LOCKER Review {}TXP1 Operation Davey Jones' Locker was a British operation aimed at disposing confiscated stocks of German mustard gas, phosgene, and other Chemical Weapons (#Tucker, 2006). From June 1946 to August 1948 ...
Page: Operation Dustbin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Operation Dustbin was a topsecret joint program between the British and the Americans to interrogate German scientists following the Allied victory over the Nazis in WOrld War II. Scientists ...
Page: Opium

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Just the facts {}Physical Information{} Name: Opium Use: painreliever Source: opium poppy Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: inhalation, ingestion Sensitive individuals: everyone ...
Page: Opium History

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !DEA.logo.png thumbnail, align=right! "The mission of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) Museum and Visitors Center http://www.deamuseum.org/index.html is to educate the American public on the history ...
Page: Oppau explosion

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Oppau.explosion.1921.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Oppau explosion The Oppau explosion occurred on September 21, 1921 when a tower silo storing 4500 tonnes of a mixture ...
Page: Orange-naped snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Furina ornata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable procoagulants coagulants, neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Organo Phosphate (OP) Pesticide Residues in Food

Scientists affiliated with the Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute are working on a number of research projects.  One study recently completed involved a review of the USDA pesticide residue data to determine the most common source of Organo Phosphate (OP) pesticide ...
Page: Organochlorines

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley {}Physical Information{} Name: Organochlorine Insecticides Use: kill insects Source: synthetic chemistry, plants Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: intestine, inhalation, skin Sensitive ...
Page: Organophosphates

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Name: Organophosphates Use: pesticides Source: synthetic chemistry, plants Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: intestine, inhalation, skin Sensitive individuals: fetus, children, elderly ...
Page: Orsini's meadow viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera ursini Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Other Topics

interest of keeping our topic list to a manageable length, some additional topics are being gathered on this page. Additional Topics on Toxipedia Algal Bloom\\ Estuary Exposure Limits Genetically Modified Foods Quotes
Page: Othmar Zeidler

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview Othmar Zeidler (1859? June 26, 1911) was an Austrian chemist credited with the first synthesis of DDT, (Dichloro Diphenyl Trichloroethane) in 1874. He was a doctoral ...
Page: Otto Ambros

otto ambros.jpg thumbnail! Otto Ambros was a chemist at the German company IG Farben and was a leading figure in developing Germany's Chemical Weapons arsenal. He was questioned in the Spring of 1945 after the German surrender and claimed to be a "plain chemist" during his interview ...
Page: Otto Bayer

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !ottobayer.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Otto Bayer (Otto Georg Wilhelm Bayer), (November 4, 1902, 1982) was born in Frankfurt while not related to the family ...
Page: Ottoman viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Vipera xanthina Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: oxygen

Please contribute

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Page: p-Anisaldehyde

Overview !anisaldehyde.png! pAnisaldehyde is an organic compound that is a clear to slightly yellow oily liquid. Its molecular formula is C8H8O2. It occurs naturally in the fennel and anise plants. It is a high volume chemical with production over 1 million pounds annually. Uses ...
Page: p-blog

Pediatric Blog Richard Grady 7/6/09 kids have problems because of BisphenolA Steve Gilbert says thats not right its all caffeine
Page: P2RIC's SustainUpdates

Overview Summaries of Sustainability Tips & Applied Information ( SUSTAIN) Updates is a project created by the Pollution Prevention Regional Information Center http://www.p2ric.org as a part of the Pollution Prevention Resource Exchange (P2Rx) http://www.p2rx.org.  P2Rx has created the SUSTAIN ...
Page: Painted carpet viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Echis coloratus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Painted coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Micrurus corallinus Basic Information Venom name: Type of Toxin: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and myotoxins Manner of intake: bite and coastal forest ...
Page: Paintings

Have a Hanfordinspired painting you'd like to submit to the exhibit? Contact the WANMEC project manager at mailto:njthorp@gmail.com
Page: Pakistani carpet viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Echis sockureki Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Palestine viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Daboia palaestinae Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Palomares incident

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !PalomaresHBombIncident.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The 1966 Palomares B52 crash or Palomares incident occurred on January 17, 1966, when a B52G bomber of the USAF Strategic ...
Page: Pampers Dry Max Diapers

Problems Procter and Gamble and Weird Pampers Science http://www.pamilvisions.net/procterandgambleandweirdpampersscience/215518/ by Phil Butler June 3, 2010 from Everything PR \\ Or Not a Problem My two cents on Pampers Dry Max Diapers http://andtwinsmake5.blogspot.com/2010/05/aftermypvisittwocentsonpampers.html Stephanie ...
Page: Papers

section will house papers written about Hanford. Whether it's a report written for a college course or a white paper written to inform and educate, this is the place to host it. Stay tuned for additions to this section in the coming months. If you have a paper you'd like to submit ...
Page: Papuan blacksnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ pseudechis papuanus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants, neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Paracelsus

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Paracelsus.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Paracelsus.2.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Paracelsus (born November 11 or December 17 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland, died September 24, 1541 ...
Page: Paraquat

Overview Paraquat is a toxic herbicide herbicides that has been related to several hundred cases of fatal human poisoning. Paraquat poisoning has mainly been due to deliberate oral ingestion (for suicide or murder), but there are a few cases of accidental direct ingestion ...
Page: Parathion

Overview Parathion (C{}10{}H{}14{}NO{}5{}PS) is an organophospate organophosphates insecticide insecticides primarily used on fruit, cotton, wheat, vegetables, and nut crops. (#EPA) It has been attributed to numerous mass human poisonings ...
Page: Partners

following organizations and businesses are partners of Toxipedia. These partnerships are dynamic relationships where we support each others' missions, goals, and work through mutual promotion and collaboration. Check out our Partnership Guidelines. If you are interested in becoming a partner of Toxipedia ...
Page: Partnership Guidelines

Supporting Partner Benefits: Web space on Toxipedia to highlight your organization, its projects and programs, as well as updates on events, achievements, and other news Announcement of the partnership in our monthly newsletter that reaches over 4,000 contacts from around the world ...
Page: Patagonian Lancehead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothrops ammodytoides Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: probable Procoagulants coagulants, but little known Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Paul Hermann Muller

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !muller.gif thumbnail, align=left! !ddt strucuture.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Paul Hermann Muller (January 12, 1899 October 12, 1965), a Swiss Scientist ...
Page: PCBs

Overview Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) belong to a broad family of manmade organic chemicals known as chlorinated hydrocarbons. PCBs were domestically manufactured from 1929 until their manufacture was banned in 1979. Although PCBs are no longer made in the United States, people ...
Page: Peace

Peace To reach their full potentail children need peace Organizations reaching toward peace Nuclear Age Peace Foundation http://www.wagingpeace.org/ The Nuclear Age Peace Foundation initiates and supports worldwide efforts to abolish nuclear weapons, to strengthen international ...
Page: Pediatric Urology

Topic Editor: Richard Grady, MD !peduro.jpg aligh=right! Pediatric Urology Introduction Pediatric urology is a urologic subspecialty of medicine dealing with the disorders of children's genitourinary systems. Pediatric urologists provide care for both boys and girls ranging from ...
Page: Pelagic seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Pelamis platurus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Pentachlorophenol

Overview Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a chemical used in the past as a herbicide herbicides, defoliant, mossicide, and as a disinfectant. Since 1987 the U.S. restricted some of its nonpreservative use and is no longer registered for residential use. It is now applied commercially in the treatment of utility poles, fences ...
Page: Pepper Spray

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Page: Peptic Ulcers

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Peptic Ulcers are painful sores that emerge somewhere in the gastrointestinal tract including the esophagus, on the lining of the stomach, and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). \\ References Picture ...
Page: Percivall Pott

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !percivall.pott.c.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Born in London (January 6, 1714 December 22, 1788) and apprentice to Edward Nourse. Percivall Pott made some ...
Page: Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Perfluorooctanesulfonicacidstructure.svg.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), or perfluorooctane sulfonate, is a manmade fluorosurfactant and global pollutant. It was added to Annex B of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent ...
Page: Performance Enhancing Drugs

Performance Enhancing Drugs PowerPoint Presentation Steroids.talk.03.31.08.ppt (powerpoint 3.7. mgb
Page: Peringuey's adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis peringueyi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Namib desert ...
Page: Permethrin

Authors: Dan Becker http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/DanBecker Overview Permethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Pyrethroids pesticide used as an acaricide and insect repellent. It is employed not only in agriculture, but also in forestry, household settings ...
Page: Persistent Environmental Contaminants

article is tagged for development. Topic editor:Sean Foley Lead author:Sean Foley Overview Persistent bioaccumulative toxicants (PBTs), also known as persistent environmental contaminants, persistent pollutants, or persistent toxic chemicals, are resistant to environmental degradation through ...
Page: Peru

Authors: J Ponce {} Government Agencies Ministry of the Environment (Ministerio de Ambiente (MINAM)) Ministry of the energy and mines (Ministerio de Energí y Minas (MINEM)) Ministry of Health (Ministerio de Salud (MINSA)) Ministry of Labor (Ministerio de ...
Page: Pesticide

See Pesticides
Page: Pesticide Profiles on Toxipedia

405pxCropdustersprayingpesticides.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Additional pesticide resources on Toxipedia: Pesticides main section toxipedia:Pesticides: overview of different types, mechanisms of action, health effects, history of use, regulation, and more, and a literature review of published journal articles. toxipedia ...
Page: Pesticide Registration in Washington State

Topic editor:Maria M. Williams Lead author:Katarina Lah The Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) is responsible for the registration of pesticides in Washington. Washington pesticide registration requirements are found in the Washington Pesticide Control Act, and the General Pesticide Rules ...
Page: Pesticide Use in Developing Nations

Overview <iframe width="425" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?hl=en&ie=UTF8&msa=0&msid=107231493756430455566.00048d8efe469c49f3778&ll ...
Page: Pesticide Use Statistics

Both the volume of pesticides used and the amount of money spent on pesticides demonstrate our dependency on these chemicals. Amount of Pesticides Used in the US and Worldwide The EPA http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/EnvironmentalProtectionAgency reported that 4.9 billion pounds of pesticide products were ...
Page: Pesticides

Author: toxipedia:Steven G. Gilbert\\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams Overview !Hazardouspesticide.jpg align=right,width=204,height=137! Definition The purpose of a pesticide is usually to kill or repel some form of life. The US Environmental Protection Agency's definition ...
Page: Pesticides - External Links and Resources

list is currently being revised and updated. Thank you for your patience. Pesticide Gateway http://www.beyondpesticides.org/gateway/\\ Pesticide Information Profile http://extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/pips.html\\ PAN Pesticides Database http://www.pesticideinfo.org/Index.html\\ European Union Chemical ...
Page: Pesticides - History

Minerals and Metals One of the first pesticides was sulfur, used by the Chinese in around 1000 BC to control bacteria and mold (fungus). Sulfur is still widely used today. For example, it is used in fungides http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Fungicides to control diseases ...
Page: Pharmaceutical Companies

Amgen
Page: Pharmaceuticals in the Water

History In March of 2008, the Associated Press published the results of a nationwide survey http://ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5hGsoyElv4ZL879LW6z2aZS0Pix7AD8VA14500 of the drinking water in major cities across the United States. The survey found trace amounts of a considerable number of pharmaceuticals, on the orders of parts per trillion ...
Page: Pharmacokinetics

picture.gif thumbnail! text Contents # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text # #text \\ \\ Topic editor: editor name Lead author: author name \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption ...
Page: Phil Horning

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Phil Horning Overview Lassen Foundation, Inc. http://www.lassenfoundation.org/, a 501(c)3 nonprofit foundation, was founded in 1954 by Merritt C. Horning, M.D., MPH, father of the current Chairman ...
Page: Philip Wexler

Technology Information Specialist National Library of Medicine Managing Editor of World Library of Toxicology http://www.wltox.org (www.wltox.org) Background !Info.toxicologoy.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Philip Wexler has worked at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) since 1978 ...
Page: Philippine cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja   {}philippinensis{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name:  Highly potent postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins Toxins:  αneurotoxins Manner ...
Page: Philippines

Country Correspondent: Dr. Kenneth Hartigan Go Consultant PCHRDDepartment of Science & Technology (DOST) 3/F DOST Administration Bldg. DOST Complex Bicuitan Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines Email: hartigan@zuelligfoundation.org  Alternate Correspondent Dr. Alvin Marcelo ...
Page: Philosopher's Stone

PHILOSOPHER'S STONE
Page: Phorate

article has been tagged for development.\ Phorate is a highly toxic organophosphate pesticide organophosphates used to control control sucking and chewing insects, leafhoppers, leafminers, mites, some nematodes, and rootworms in pine forests and on root and field crops, including corn ...
Page: Phosgene

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Phosgene is a major industrial chemical used to make chemicals and pesticides, but at room temperature it is a poisonous gas. It was used extensively in World War II as a pulmonary agent. The gas is heavier than ...
Page: phosmet

Please add th{}e phosmet page.&nbsp
Page: Phosphamidon

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group \This article has been tagged for development.\ Phosphamidon is an organophosphate insecticide organophosphates that was marketed under the trade name of "Dimecron " until its producer ...
Page: Phosphine

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts: Environmental ...
Page: Phospholan

Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Debelopment # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts ...
Page: Phosphorous

h Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts ...
Page: Phthalates

Topic editor: Leah Tait Lead author: author name Managing Group: Chemicals Group \This article has been tagged for expansion and updating. Please consider contributing\!\ Overview Phthalates are a class of highvolume chemicals that are ubiquitous in the environment. They are plasticizers that, when ...
Page: phthaltes

ehp.118a80a phthaltes .pdf
Page: Phuong Lien Nguyen

Articles Written by Phuong Lien Nguyen Fluoride Content in Tea\\ \\ Articles Edited by Phuong Lien Nguyen
Page: Pickering Nuclear Generating Station

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !PickeringNPP.jpg thumbnail! On February 25, 1971 the Pickering Nuclear Generating Station, a Canadian nuclear power station located on the north shore of Lake Ontario in Pickering ...
Page: Pierre Ordinaire

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Dr. Pierre Ordinaire was a French doctor who, while living in Switzerland, was credited with creating the highly alcoholic elixir absinthe. The drink is a mixture of herbs and was made ...
Page: Pietro de' Abano

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !abano.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Pietro d'Abano was an Italian physician, philosopher, and astrologer well renowned for both medical abilities and his scholastic work ...
Page: Pigmy rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Sistrurus miliarius Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Piperonyl Butoxide

Lead Editor: Dan Becker toxipedia:Dan Becker Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Piperonyl butoxide is a synthetic insecticide synergist that was developed in 1947. It is combined with other pesticides such as pyrethrins, pyrethroids toxipedia:Pyrethroids, rotenone ...
Page: Pitohui

Overview The Pitohui is the only poisonous bird known to date. An account of it was first published in Science in October of 1992. The Pitohui is endemic to Papua, New Guinea and owes its toxicity to batrachotoxins acquired from eating a certain species of beetle. The toxin ...
Page: Plasticizers

Phthalates
Page: Please donate! Click here to find out how

Please donate\! The Food Ingredient and Health Research Institute (FIHRI) filed its Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State (SOS) in California on Friday, October 15, 2010.   This is the date the Articles of Incorporation were received by SOS representatives according ...
Page: Plutonium

Overview Plutonium (chemical symbol Pu) is a radioactive metal http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Metals with Atomic Number 94. Plutonium is considered a manmade element, although scientists have found trace amounts of naturally occurring plutonium produced under ...
Page: Poison - The Evolution of a Family of Fragrances

Overview !Diorflash20aug08b.jpg thumbnail, align=right! !ChristianDiorbookcover.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Christian Dior (21 January 1905, Granville, Manche 24 October 1957), was an influential French fashion designer, best known as the founder of one of the world's top ...
Page: Poison Centers

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !Poison.center.gif thumbnail, align=left! Overview First poison control center opened in Chicago 1953. Second poison control center opened at Duke University, NC ...
Page: polonium 210

Overview Polonium (pronounced /pɵˈloʊniəm/, poLOHneeəm) is a chemical element with the symbol Po and atomic number 84, discovered in 1898 by Marie and Pierre Curie. A rare and highly radioactive metalloid,1 polonium is chemically similar to bismuth2 and tellurium, and it occurs in uranium ores ...
Page: Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (4 - nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -, branched

Uses Automotive and home cleaning products Natural gas extraction Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Exposure to the eye can cause severe eye irritation and conjunctivitis with possible chemical burns (MSDS) Hazardous in case of inhalation and ingestion (MSDS ...
Page: Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (9Z) - 1 - oxo - 9 - octadecen - 1 - yl - .omega. - (9Z) - 1 - oxo - 9 - octadecen - 1 - yl oxy -

Overview !9005076PubChem.png thumbnail! Uses Oil Dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Eye, skin, and digestive tract irritant (MSDS2) Prolonged or repeated skin exposure may cause rash, acne, and dermatitis (MSDS1) Potential Effects on Marine ...
Page: Poly(oxy - 1,2 - ethanediyl), .alpha. - (nonylphenyl) - .omega. - hydroxy -

Overview !9016459 Chemblink.gif! Uses Hair coloring products Home cleaning products Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Suspected endocrine toxicant (EDF) ANIMAL STUDIES Eye irritant in rabbits (p. 4) (EPA HS) Mild dermal ...
Page: Poly(oxy - 1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha. - (9Z) - 9 - octadecen - 1 - yl - .omega. - hydroxy -

Overview !9004982PubChem.png thumbnail! Uses Pipe sealant Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health May contain traces of ethylene oxide, a suspected carcinogen. No further information available. (MSDS) Hazardous in case of eye contact or inhalation (MSDS ...
Page: Polyacrylic Acid

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Nick Thorp Introduction !Polyacrylicacid.png align=left! !Polyacrylic.4.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Poly(acrylic acid) or PAA (CAS number 9003104) is a type of polymer. The monomer of poly(acrylic acid ...
Page: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs)

Lead Editor: Allison Camp Lead author: Sean Foley Name: Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Use: Widely used as flame retardants Source: foam cushions, plastics (computer cases), some fabrics Recommended daily intake: none ...
Page: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Author \\ Aleksandra Buha\\ \\ Lead Editor \\ Maria M. Williams\\ Note: We also have an abridged version Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Abridged of this article\! Overview The term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) refers to a ubiquitous group ...
Page: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Abridged

Author \\ Aleksandra Buha\\ \\ Lead Editor \\ Maria M. Williams\\ Note: we also offer a longer version toxipedia:Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons of this article that includes more scientific details on the toxicology of this chemical group\! Overview The term polycyclic aromatic ...
Page: polymer

Introduction A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule) composed of repeating structural units typically connected by covalent chemical bonds. While polymer in popular usage suggests plastic, the term actually refers to a large class of natural and synthetic materials with a wide variety ...
Page: Poorly Soluble Air Particles

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: David G. Farrer \\ Introduction All of us are familiar with images of smog and haze surrounding cities and major highways. The intent of this document is to help the average citizen better understand the health effects of poorly ...
Page: Pope Clement

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Pope Clement II was relatively forgettable as pope after he gained the title as a result of political ties. However, a recent toxicological examination confirms the fact ...
Page: Portland Rum Riot

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Neal.S.Dow.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Portland Rum Riot, also called the Maine Law Riot, was a brief but violent period of civil unrest that occurred in Portland ...
Page: Porton Down

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Porton Down was established as the British government's primary center for chemical weapons research in 1916 (#Tucker, 2006). It is now used for all types of military research. External ...
Page: Postmodern

Period Overview The people and events below are in alphabetical order. For a chronological list please see the {}Toxicology Timeline{} http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ToxicologyTimeline{}. The Postmodern Period stretches from postWorld War II to the present. \\ A Civil Action Ajka alumina ...
Page: Potassium hydroxide (K(OH))

Overview !1310583.png! Uses Food additive Ink Battery storage Home cleaning products Fertilizer Hair products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Ingestion can cause severe pain, vomiting, diarrhea, shock, collapse ...
Page: Potential Effects of Oil Dispersant Chemicals on Human Health and the Aquatic Environment

2011 the EPA released an aggregate list of all the chemicals found in oil dispersant products that the agency has approved for use in the event of an oil spill. Toxipedia conducted research on the potential impacts of these 57 chemicals on human health and the environment ...
Page: Pouokam Guy Bertrand

Country Correspondent: Government Agencies NonGovernment Organizations Universities Professional Societies Poison Information/Control Centers Miscellaneous Resources Key Publications Legal Links About Canada Multilateral Organization Contacts Literature References from TOXLINE (Canada
Page: PowerPoint Presentations

General Toxicology Information PDF File on General Toxicological Principles PowerPoint PresentationsChapter 11.pdf "Reflections on the past, Report on the present, Envision the Future" PowerPoint PresentationsNAHMMA.talk.9.21.05.ppt. NAHMMA (North American Hazardous Materials Management Association): 20th Annual Hazardous Materials ...
Page: Precautionary Assessment

Overview The goal of precautionary assessment (PA) is to move beyond risk assessment and allow communities and individual to incorporate their knowledge, values and ethics into a more comprehensive evaluation of a hazardous condition. The PA combines the philosophy and ethics of the precautionary principle with the standard scientific evaluation ...
Page: Precautionary Principle

Topic Editor: toxipedia:Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Steven G. Gilbert Precaution is a systemic change that transforms the way we approach environmental regulation and decision making. This change is rooted in a paradigm shift away from risk/benefit ...
Page: Precautionary Principle - Reasonable, Rational, and Responsible

Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert This is part of the oped portion of Toxipedia where experts contribute their thoughts about environmental and public health concerns. Introduction The precautionary principle is a reasonable, rational, and responsible approach to decision making (#Table 1). It provides ...
Page: Pregnancy and Developmental Toxicology

page has been tagged for development. External Links \European Teratology Society (ETS)\ European Teratology Society (ETS)}. Online. (accessed: 1 April 2003).The society is dedicated to the prevention of adverse effects on reproduction and development. The Thalidomide Victims Association ...
Page: Presentation - Paper Topic

Presentation paper information draft 47210 presentation assignment.pdf \\ \\ Presentation Groups and Chosen Topics \\ Hanford Leaking Tanks and Plumes Risk Assessment Wint Wai & ThanhHien Ngo Presentation Date: {}February 9th{} \\ Lead Paint Risk Assessment Cristina ...
Page: presentation 1

Page: Press Releases

February 23, 2009 \\ Toxipedia Announces Green Gardening Center IPMOPEDIA http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/ToxipediaAnnouncesIPMOPEDIA
Page: Prestige oil spill

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Prestige.oil.tanker.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Prestige oil spill was largest environmental disaster in Spain's history. The Prestige was an oil tanker that ruptured a tank November ...
Page: Products of Interest

Products of special interest Diapers Oil Dispersant TransAlta Coal Plant WA
Page: Propanol, 1(or 2) - (2-methoxymethylethoxy) -

Overview !34590948.png! Uses Paint/sealant produts Home cleaning products Pesticides Pet care products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a suspected reproductive toxin, kidney toxin, and potential CNS toxin (Hazmap ...
Page: Propiconazole

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview !Propiconazole.png align=right,width=165,height=265! Propiconazole is a fungicide and antimicrobial that was first registered in 1981, used to protect grass grown for seed ...
Page: Propoxur

Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Propoxur is a nonsystemic carbamate insecticide carbamates introduced in 1959 and manufactured by Bayer and registered for use in the United States by the EPA environmental protection agency and the state of California (#CDPR and #EXTOXNET ...
Page: Propylene Glycol

Toxicity Human Health Effects Propylene glycol increases the amount of acid in the body. However, large amounts of propylene glycol are needed to cause this effect. (ASTDR) Propylene glycol breaks down at the same rate as ethylene glycol, although it does not form ...
Page: Pure Food and Drugs Act (1906)

Topic Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Steven Gilbert Overview Supported by the Department of Agriculture's chief Chemist Harvey W. Wiley, the Food and Drugs Act was created to protect consumers from potentially dangerous drugs and food. The act required ...
Page: PVC

Topic Editor: toxipedia:Nick Thorp Lead Author: Steven G. Gilbert History !PVCpolymerisation2D.png thumbnail, align=right! PVC was accidentally discovered first in 1835 by Henri Victor Regnault and in 1872 by Eugen Baumann. On both occasions the polymer appeared ...
Page: Pyrethroids

Physical Information{} Name: Pyrethroids Use: kill insects Source: synthetic chemistry, plants Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) Absorption: intestine, inhalation, skin Sensitive individuals: fetus, children, elderly Toxicity/symptoms: nerous system, range ...
Page: Pyridine

Overview Pyridine is an industrial solvent used in numerous industries and released into the environment primarily from these industrial activities (#ATSDR ToxFAQs). Lead Editor: Sean Foley Lead Author: Sean Foley Managing Group: Chemicals Group Chemical Description ...
Page: Pyriminil

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Pyriminil is a yellow powder that is used as a rodenticide and is on the EPA's environmental protection agency list of Extremely Hazardous Substances (EPA and #Scorecard). Signs of acute ingestion of pyriminil: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea ...

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Page: Qin Shi Huang

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Qinshihuang.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Qin Shi Huang (Emperor of Qin) (259 BCE September 10, 210 BCE, was king of the Chinese State of Qin ...
Page: Quaker Oats

Quaker Oats Radioactivity study Overview In the 1950s, researchers from Quaker Oats Company, MIT and Harvard University carried out experiments to determine how the nutrients from cereals travelled through the body. Parents of mentally retarded children were ...
Page: Quality Assurance and Control

toxipedia's{} mission is to advance human and environmental health by providing comprehensive and accurate scientific information on the hazards and risks of chemical and physical agents. {}toxipedia{} also provides information on regulation, the history of toxicology, and ethical considerations, among many other topics, and encourages ...
Page: Quality Assurance Review System

toxipedia's{} mission is to advance human and environmental health by providing comprehensive and accurate scientific information on the hazards and risks of chemical and physical agents. {}toxipedia{} also provides information on regulation, the history of toxicology, and ethical considerations, among many other topics, and encourages ...
Page: quinine

QUININE EXTERNAL LINKS Quinine http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine%20 on Wikipedia
Page: Quotes

we make no effort to change direction, we will end up where we are headed." Chinese Proverb "Each time a person stands up for an ideal, or acts to improve the lot of others, or strikes out against injustice, he sends ...

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Page: RA

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Page: Rachel Carson

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !RachelCarson.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !silentspring.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 April 14, 1964) was an American ...
Page: Radiation

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Name: Radiation Use: nuclear power, medical Xrays, medical diognostics, scientific research, cancer treament, cathode ray tube displays, household products (microwaves ...
Page: Radioactive Decay

Overview Radioactive Decay is the set of processes that result in atomic nuclei emitting subatomic particles. The unit of measure for radiation is the becquerel (Bq). \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Discovery Radioactivity was discovered by French scientist Henri ...
Page: radioactive steam

Radioactive Stream Review {}TXP1{} \\ Contents 1. Toxicological Perspective #toxicological \\ 2. Biography #biography \\ 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ Toxicological perspective \\ Biography \\ Internal Links \\ References \\ External ...
Page: Radium

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Radium.watch.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Radium is a radioactive chemical element which has the symbol Ra and atomic number 88. Its appearance is almost pure ...
Page: radium girls

Overview !USRadiumGirlsArgonne1,ca192223.jpg thumbnail, align=right! "Not to worry," their bosses told them. "If you swallow any radium, it'll make your cheeks rosy." The women at Radium Dial sometimes painted their teeth and faces and then turned off the lights for a laugh. From ...
Page: Radium therapy

RADIUM THERAPY Review {}TXP1 \\ Table of Contents #Sources \\ #Properties \\ #Uses \\ #Health Effects \\ #Precautions \\ #Current Events \\ #Internal Links \\ #External Links \\ #Additional Resources \\ #References \\ \\ SOURCES \\ PROPERTIES \\ USES \\ HEALTH EFFECTS PRECAUTIONS CURRENT EVENTS INTERNAL ...
Page: Radon

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Beredu Teressa Name: Alpha Particles Atomic number: 86 Atomic mass: (222) g.mol \1 Electronegativity according to Pauling: Unknown Density: 9.9610 \3 g.cm 3 at 20°C ...
Page: Rainforest hognosed pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Porthidium nasutum Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants and Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: few fatalities ...
Page: Ranijet Ghosh

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Dr. Ranijet Ghosh was a chemist at Britain's Imperial Chemical Industries and was the first to discover the GClass nerve agents. \\ \\ \\ Background and Work After it was discovered that DDT was losing its ...
Page: Raquel Crider

Raquel has a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology with an emphasis in epidemiology and mathematical models. Her dissertation was a stochastic model of how heroin spreads from person to person showing that the current model claiming epidemics are self limiting within 7 years ...
Page: Rates of Global Tobacco Use

maps below indicate the use of tobacco http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Nicotine products by men and women in countries around the world. The data is based on surveys taken from the WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008. Smoking any tobacco ...
Page: Raymundus Lullus

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !RamonLlull.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Raymundus Lullus (1232 June 29, 1315) (sometimes Ramon Llull or Raymond Lully) was a tertiary Franciscan monk from ...
Page: REACH

Overview REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of Chemicals) was signed into law December 13, 2006 by the European Union (EU). The law will regulate 30,000 of the high volume chemicals of the roughly 100,000 chemicals produced in or imported to the EU. \\ According to the EU, drawbacks of the current ...
Page: Recognition and Management of Fluoride Toxicity

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead authors: Hardy Limeback and Heather Gingerich Introduction Fluoride, well established as one of the most toxic elements known to humans when ingested in large doses, is likely among the least understood medicines that primary ...
Page: Recommendation and Conclusions for Alcohol

Reducing Exposure Reducing exposure is easy in concept but is usually more difficult in practice. Most importantly, women who are planning on becoming pregnant or who are pregnant should not consume alcohol. Men need to support and encourage women's avoidance of alcohol consumption ...
Page: Red spitting cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja pallida Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption through eye tissues and bites Absorption ...
Page: Red-bellied swamp snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hemiaspis signata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Eastern Australia ...
Page: Reducing Exposure to Arsenic

toxicity of chronic exposure to arsenic is well established and the best recommendation is to avoid arsenic exposure entirely. The most common home exposure is from contaminated drinking water and arsenictreated lumber. Certain areas of the country have higher levels of arsenic in water ...
Page: Reducing Exposure to Lead

While there are standards for lead exposure, at this time there is no level that is considered safe, so the best policy is to avoid lead exposure altogether. This is difficult because as a contaminant in food, water or dust, lead cannot be seen, tasted, or smelled. Be aware of potential sources of lead ...
Page: Reflections-BW

REFLECTIONS ON THE SIXTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF THE TRINITY TEST by Bill Witherup July 16, 2005, will be the sixtieth anniversary of the plutoniumfueled atomic bomb, tested at White Sands, New Mexico. On July 15th and 16th the Los Alamos Study Group, a nuclearweapons watchdog, based ...
Page: Regulatory Standards for Alcohol

Advice or regulation related to alcohol consumption during pregnancy was slow to arrive even following the documentation of fetal effects, and more needs to done to discourage alcohol consumption during pregnancy. • 1981 US Surgeon General first advised that women should ...
Page: Regulatory Standards for Arsenic

EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency \ Drinking water 10 μg/L (10 ppb) EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency \ RfD 0.3 μg/kg/day (inorganic chronic exposure) OSHA Workplace air 0.5 mg/m3 ...
Page: Rekek Negga

Graduated King College with a Bachelors in Science
Page: Renee Dufault

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Renee Dufault Overview !Renee.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! After working twenty years in the environmental health field, Renee Dufault (aka Ms. D) now teaches special education ...
Page: Research Ethics

Resources The Collaborative Initiative for Research Ethics in Environmental Health http://www.researchethics.org\ This project provides course development, training, educational resources and case study development on improving research ethics in environmental health. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences: What ...
Page: Resources

Readings The following are examples of advocacy/specialinterest literature. Unstoppable Global Warming: Every 1,500 Years. Dennis Avery and S. Fred Singer, Hudson Institute, 2007. Please Don't Poop in My Salad and Other Essays Opposing the War Against Smoking ...
Page: Resources on Religion and the Environment

Sometimes called "creation care" or respecting God's Earth. The following was in part compiled by Science and Environmental Health Network Interfaith Power and Light http://www.theregenerationproject.org/ works with faith communities around the country to cut energy use and switch to cleaner sources ...
Page: Respiratory Toxicology and Asthma

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley This page has been tagged for development. Current Events Immune Systems Increasingly On Attack http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2008/03/03/AR2008030303200.html. From The Washington Post. \\ Teaching Resources ...
Page: Rhine Valley

Overview Rhine River Valley Incident (November 1, 1986) In Basel, Switzerland the Rhine River was polluted after a fire at the Sandoz Laboratory leaked over 30 tons of Chemicals List. The chemicals fouled the river and the atmosphere with a blue haze, killing ...
Page: Rhinoceros viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis nasicornis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Possibly Coagulants, and/or haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Richard Doll

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !R.Doll.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll (October 28, 1912 July 24, 2005) was a British epidemiologist, physiologist, and a pioneer in the research ...
Page: Richard Hurst

Page: Richard Mead

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !RichardMead.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Richard Mead (or Meade) (August 11, 1673 February 16, 1754) was born. Mead was an English physician who ...
Page: Richard Warner

R.Warner.jpg thumbnail! Richard Warner musician and health advocate is perhaps best known for his two classic New Age albums, Quiet Heart and Spirit Wind. These recordings feature Richard on bamboo and alto flutes. On his latest release, Spirit ...
Page: Ricin

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Leah Tait Overview Ricin is a highly toxin protein. It is a byproduct of castor oil production. The U.S. military experimented with using ricin as a chemical warfare agent chemical weapons in the 1940s. There have been ...
Page: Rick Gleason

Gleason.jpg thumbnail! Rick Gleason MPH has worked for the Federal OSHA Occupational Safety & Health Act and State WISHA as an inspector for thirteen years and has been teaching for the last 12 years, currently employed at the University of Washington's Department ...
Page: Ridge-nosed rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus willardi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: possible Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Rinkhals

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hemachatus haemachatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Neurotoxins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption through eye tissues and bites Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Risk Assess

Page: Risk Assessment - an Introduction

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK AND SOCIETY
Page: Risk Assessment and Risk Management

Background \\ Living organisms interact regularly with chemical and microbial agents in our environment, in our food, and in the products we use everyday. Risk assessment seeks to understand the body or ecosystem's response to those interactions, with the goal of identifying adverse effects, and quantitatively ...
Page: Robbins, Albert

Robbins.Albert.jpg thumbnail! Dr. Albert Robbins "Health Care is not meant for some. The time for Doc's to speak out has come." Dr Albert Robbins. From "We the Doctors." More information on the Musician Physician http://web.mac.com/clenz/iWeb/mucician ...
Page: Robert Christison

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !R.Christison.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Robert Christison (born July 18, 1797 in Edinburgh; died January 23, 1882) was a prominent analytical toxicologist. Christison ...
Page: Robert Koch

Overview !RobertKoch.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Robert Koch (December 11, 1843 May 27, 1910) was a German physician. He became famous for the discovery of the anthrax bacillus (1877), the tuberculosis bacillus (1882) and the cholera vibrio (1883) and for his development ...
Page: Robert Oppenheimer

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !ROppenheimer.jpg thumbnail, align=left! J. Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist, best known ...
Page: Rocketdyne

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !Rocketdyne.reactor.gif thumbnail,align=left! Overview In July 26, 1959 a partial meltdown occurred at the BoeingRocketdyne nuclear testing facility, about 30 miles northwest of downtown ...
Page: Rodenticides

Please help us expand this page\! Overview Rodenticides are a broad class of chemicals designed to kill mammals, particularly rats and mice. Compounds that inhibit blood clotting, called anticoagulants, are commonly used to control rat populations. One of the first rodenticides ...
Page: Roseanne Schnoll

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Roseanne Schnoll Overview !Schnoll.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Roseanne Schnoll's area of research includes the role of selfregulation specifically selfmonitoring and goal setting on dietary behavior; complementary and alternative therapies ...
Page: Roseburg Blast

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Roseburg Blast Crater 1959 FSDM.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On August 7 1959, a truck driver for the Pacific Powder Company, George Rutherford, had ...
Page: rotenone

Help add the rotenone page
Page: Rotterdam Convention

Lead Editor \\ Maria M. Williams\\ \\ Lead Author \\ Maria M. Williams The Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (PIC) Overview !PICc.jpg align=right! The Rotterdam Convention promotes ...
Page: Rouge River oil spill

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !rougeoil.spill.jpg thumbnail,align=right! On April 10, 2002 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials, learned of the Rogue River oil soil was under way ...
Page: Rough-scaled snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Tropidechis carinatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, pre and postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: Roundup

Main Article: Glyphosate \\ Roundup or Round Up Roundup is the brand name of the broadspectrum herbicide produced by the U.S. company Monsanto and contains the active ingredient glyphosate. Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the USA. In the US 58 million pounds are used ...
Page: Roy J. Plunkett

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Plunkett.Roy.J.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Teflonstructure.png thumbnail, align=right! Roy J. Plunkett (June 26, 1910 May 12, 1994) was the chemist who ...
Page: Rudy Richardson

Page: Rudy Shur

Rudy Shur is the founder and publisher of Square One Publishers.  He began his work publishing as a field representative for Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company and William C. Brown Publishing Company, where he ranked as the top salesman ...
Page: Russell Earl Marker

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Russell.Marker.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Russell Earl Marker (March 12, 1902 March 23, 1995) was an eccentric American chemist who invented ...
Page: Russell's viper

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Russian Milestones

Russian Translation of Milestones of Toxicology !Milestones.poster.06.01.10 Russian.vsmp1.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Пройденные уроки: вехи токсикологии The Milestones of Toxicology poster was translated into Russian by Iliya A Bitkin, PhD (Биткин Илья) Pharmaceutical Chemistry. To open or download the Rusian Milestone poster ...

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Page: Saccharin

Please Contribute to Toxipedia
Page: SAF-RON GOLD

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Saharan horned viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Cerastes cerastes Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Sahara ...
Page: Samantha L. Malone

Authors: Samantha Malone, MPH Samantha L. Malone, MPH Communications Specialist, CHEC Bridgeside Point, 100 Technology Drive Room 553, BRIDG Pittsburgh, PA 152193130 Phone: (412) 9657679 Email: slm75@pitt.edu About Me With a background ...
Page: Samar cobra

nbsp; Topic editor:  \ Steven G. Gilbert \ Steven G. Gilbert\ Lead author:  \ Steven G. Gilbert \ Steven G. Gilbert\   Naja   {}samarensis{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name:  Potent &nbsp ...
Page: Santa Barbara oil spill

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Santa Barbara oil spill occurred January 28, 1969 in the Santa Barbara Channel, when Union Oil's Platform A blow out, releasing and estimated ...
Page: Santa Catalina rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus catalinensis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: SARA

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview SARA, passed by Congress in 1986, amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) Superfund, otherwise known as Superfund. SARA, according to the EPA ...
Page: Sarafotoxins

Page: Sarin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Managing Groups: Chemicals Group !sarin.jpg thumbnail! {}Physical Information{} Name: Sarin Use: chemical warfare Source: synthetic chemistry Recommended daily intake: none ...
Page: Savanna twigsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Thelotornis capensis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Habitat: General facts ...
Page: School Mold

Authors: Susan Brinchman http://www.toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/SusanBrinchman Paragraph One Heading Insert text here Paragraph Two Heading Insert text here Paragraph Three Heading Insert text here Paragraph Four Heading Insert ...
Page: Schrader

Please contribute
Page: Science and Environmental Health Network

Overview The Science and Environmental Health Network engages communities and governments in the effective application of science to protect and restore public and ecosystem health. \\ Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert History SEHN was founded in 1994 ...
Page: Scientific and Professional Organizations

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert International Society for the Study of Xenobiotics International Union of Toxicology Scientists Without Borders Society of Forensic Toxicologists Society of Toxicologic Pathology Society of Toxicology & Journals of the Society ...
Page: Scientific and Toxicology Resources

External Links Society of Toxicology http://www.toxicology.org/ Toxicology Education Foundation http://www.toxedfoundation.org/ \ Sciveee http://www.scivee.tv/ Supercourse http://www.pitt.edu/super1/ Worldcat http://www.worldcat.org/ WiderNet Project http://www.widernet.org
Page: Scientists Without Borders

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Evelyn Strauss Mission Scientists Without Borders http://scientistswithoutborders.nyas.org aims to mobilize and coordinate sciencebased activities that improve quality of life in the developing world. The research community, aid agencies, NGOs ...
Page: SEA BRAT 4

oil dispersant product page contains information about the potential effects of the chemicals found in the product on human health and the marine environment. Also included is information from the EPA Product Schedule on the toxicity of this product to two aquatic organisms and its effectiveness ...
Page: Sean Foley

Kenya 2007 650.jpg thumbnail! Overview Sean Foley grew up in Kansas City and graduated from Truman State University in 2006.  Sean is on the Board of the international nonprofit Optimus Youth.  He attends the University of Kansas School ...
Page: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors

Author: Aleksandra Buha Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Overview  !ssrismaller.jpg align=left! Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are medications widely prescribed for the treatment of depression, obsessivecompulsive disorder, bulimia, anorexia nervosa, panic disorder, and social ...
Page: September 1

event has been entered for this day. If you know of an event, please feel free to add it\! previous day August 31 \ next day September 2
Page: September 10

210 BCE Qin Shi Huang (Emperor of Qin), the first emperor of a unified China from 221 BCE to 210 BCE, died after taking mercury pills. previous day September 9 \ next day September 11
Page: September 11

2001 World Trade Centers in New York City were attacked and collapsed, and over two thousand people were killed. Exposure to chemical contaminants released from the buildings caused a range of respiratory effects. 1862 Hawley Crippen was an ...
Page: September 12

1889 The Tacoma Smelter furnace was fired up on September 12, 1889 and began melting metal ores that were easily shipped by water and rail. previous day September 11 next day September 13
Page: September 13

1475 Cesare Borgia born today was a SpanishItalian condottiero, lord, and cardinal. The Borgias were known Italian assassins who used arsenic to poison people for both political and monetary gain during the 15th and 16th centuries. 1987 Goiânia accident ...
Page: September 14

1486 German magician, writer, astrologer, and alchemist Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim was born. He wrote an early summary of occult thought and influenced later thinkers. 2003 Garrett Hardin, an influential ecologist most famous ...
Page: September 15

1828 Russian chemist Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov was born on this day. He would later go on to discover formaldehyde. previous day September 14 \ next day September 16
Page: September 16

1986 The Montreal Protocol Ozone Layer was signed on this day. previous day September 15 \ next day September 17
Page: September 17

yyyy something toxic must have happened but what help us fill this in!! previous day September 16 next day September 18
Page: September 18

1987 Ronald Reagan announced the joint destruction of nuclear warheads by the USA and the Soviet Union. previous day September 17 \ next day September 19
Page: September 19

1957 The United States conducted its first underground nuclear http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wanmec/Welcome test in the Nevada desert. previous day September 18 \ next day September 20
Page: September 2

1794 James Marsh, an English chemist who developed the Marsh Test for detecting arsenic Toxipedia:Arsenic, A Small Dose of, was born on this day. 1853 German chemist Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (September 2, 1853 April 4, 1932 ...
Page: September 20

1878 Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr. Upton Sinclair was born on this day. He published The Jungle (1906), in which he criticized the unsanitary conditions of the American meatpacking industry. His political work eventually led to the passage of the Pure Food and Drug ...
Page: September 21

1921 A storage silo at a fertilizerproducing plant exploded in Oppau, Germany, in an event referred to as the Oppau explosion. Five hundred to six hundred people were killed. previous day September 20 \ next day September 22
Page: September 22

1962 Silent Spring was published by Rachel Carson. 1970 Alice Hamilton died on this day. previous day September 21 \ next day September 23
Page: September 23

event has been entered for this day. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day September 22 \ next day September 24
Page: September 24

1996 Comprehensive NuclearTestBan Treaty (CTBT) US President Bill Clinton signed the CBTB today 1996 but the United States has not ratified the Treaty. 1988 Summer Olympics Ben Johnson beats Carl Lewis and Linford Christie in the 100meter sprint ...
Page: September 25

event has been entered for this day. If you know of one, please feel free to add it\! previous day September 24 \ next day September 26
Page: September 26

1963 President John F. Kennedy gave an address at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation in Richland, Washington. 1988 Ben Johnson was stripped of his gold medal in the hundredmeter sprint at the Seoul Olympics for failing a drug test. previous day September ...
Page: September 27

1838 Bernard Courtois died on this day, French chemist, born in Dijon, France who discovered Iodine in 1811 and isolated Morphine, the first known alkaloid. . previous day September 26 next day September 28
Page: September 28

1820 The tomato was publicly proven to be a safe food after Robert Johnson ate a bushel (24 kg) of tomatoes in Salem, Massachusetts. 1994 The U.S. General Accounting Office issued a report which stated that between 1940 and 1974, DOD and other ...
Page: September 29

1901 Enrico Fermi, an Italian physicist most noted for his work on the development of the first nuclear reactor, was born on this day. 1902 Emile François Zola Emile Zola died today was an influential French writer, His book ...
Page: September 3

event has been entered for this day. If you know of an event, please feel free to add it\! previous day September 2 \ next day September 4
Page: September 30

1999 Tokaimura Incident Japan's worst nuclear accident nuclear power occurred at a uranium reprocessing facility in Tokaimura, northeast of Tokyo. Workers overloaded a container with uranium, exposing workers and local residents to very high radiation ionizing radiation levels ...
Page: September 4

event has been entered for this day. If you know of an event, please feel free to add it\! previous day September 3 \ next day September 5
Page: September 5

1638 King Louis XIV was born on this day. He passed a royal decree in 1682 that permitted apothecaries to sell arsenic or poisonous substances only to persons known to them. previous day September 4 \ next day September 6
Page: September 6

event has been entered for this day. If you know of an event, please feel free to add it\! previous day September 5 \ next day September 7
Page: September 7

1978 Bulgarian dissident Georgi Ivanov Markov was assassinated by Bulgarian Secret Police Agent Francesco Giuliano while he walked across Waterloo Bridge in London. Guiliano shot Markov with a ricin pellet fired out of a speciallydesigned umbrella. Ricin ...
Page: September 8

1636 A vote in the Great and General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony established the first college in what would become the United States. That college would later be named Harvard, which has made great contributions to our understanding of numerous toxicants ...
Page: September 9

1605 Heinrich Khunrath (circa 1560 September 9, 1605), a famous physician, Hermetic philosopher, and alchemist, died on this day. previous day September 8 \ next day September 10
Page: Seveso, Italy

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert !Seveso.chem.jpg thumbnail align=left! The Seveso disaster was an industrial accident that occurred around 12:37 pm July 10, 1976, in a small chemical manufacturing ...
Page: Shelly Connor

Shelly is the Program Coordinator and Grants Coordinator for the Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. She joined the NCAP staff in September 2008. Shelly's work focuses on helping communities establish pesticidefree parks as well as working with parks employees to find effective alternatives ...
Page: Shen Nung

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview Shen Nung, the Father of Chinese medicine (approximately 2695 BCE) noted for tasting 365 herbs and dying from a toxic overdose, also wrote the treatise ...
Page: Shieldnose snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Aspidelaps lubricus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Ship Breaking Risk Assessment

Resources used:  http://www.shipbreakingbd.info/EnglishSite.php http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/03/60minutes/main2149023.shtml http://www.greenpeaceweb.org/Shipbreak/bangladesh.asp http://www.luminouslandscape.com/locations/shipbreaking.shtml http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6202308158044631485&ei=LMhTS5ebJob0qAP1l6WKBA&q=shipbreakingbangladesh&hl=en\#\\ Great Video http ...
Page: Shippingport Atomic Power Station

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !ShippingportReactor.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Shippingport Atomic Power Station, "the world's first fullscale atomic electric power plant devoted exclusively to peacetime uses ...
Page: Short-tailed seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Lapemis curtus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Show Globe

Overview !DSC00701.jpg thumbnail,align=left! Show globes were glass vessels that were usually filled with brightly colored liquids. They were hung outside or displayed in the windows of apothecary or druggist shops. The show globes symbolized not only ...
Page: Siberian pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Gloydius halys Physical Information Venom name: Toxins:Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: Sick Building Syndrome

Authors: Susan Brinchman \\ Martin Krug Editor: Sean Foley Overview Sick building syndrome (SBS) is a combination of ailments (a syndrome) associated with an individual's place of work (office building), school, or residence. The term "sick building syndrome ...
Page: Sidewinder rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus cerastes Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: Sidoarjo mud flow

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !LusiMudVolcano,Indonesia20091020.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Sidoarjo mud flow or Lapindo mud, in the subdistrict of Porong, Sidoarjo in East Java, Indonesia that has been ongoing since ...
Page: sievert (Sv)

Overview The sievert (Sv) is the SI derived unit of dose equivalent. It attempts to reflect the biological effects of radiation as opposed to the physical aspects, which are characterized by the absorbed dose, measured in grays. It is named after Rolf Sievert, a Swedish medical physicist famous ...
Page: Silicic acid, potassium salt

Overview !1312761.png! Uses Glass & ceramic manufacturing Coating for metal objects Detergents Adhesives Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health ANIMAL STUDIES Lethal doses in animal studies are very high (7501000mg/kg body weight) (IUCLID ...
Page: Silver nano particles toxicity

Page: Sinai desert cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Walterinnesia aegyptia Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range ...
Page: Sir Austin Bradford Hill

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !B.Hill.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Overview Sir Austin Bradford Hill (July 8, 1897 April 18, 1991), English epidemiologist and statistician, pioneered the randomized ...
Page: Site Overview

page is intended to give the reader a basic understanding and skill set to become a Toxipedia contributor and  Confluence wiki http://www.atlassian.com/confluence user. Below is a general overview of the system but for a detailed explanation of the capabilities and services of the site please go to the Confluence ...
Page: Skin Cancer

See Cancer
Page: Skip Kingston

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Skip Kingston Overview !kingston.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! H. M. (Skip) Kingston, PhD is Professor of Analytical Chemistry and dually appointed in the Chemistry and Biochemistry Department and the Environmental Research and Education ...
Page: Skull Valley

Overview !DugwayProvingGround.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On March 13, 1968, a malfunction on a jet's disposal tank from the Dugway Proving Ground in Northwest Utah spewed roughly 20 pounds of a VX solution at such an altitude that it was dispersed by the wind to neighboring communities ...
Page: SL-1

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !SL1.reactor.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The SL1, or Stationary LowPower Reactor Number One, was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor which underwent ...
Page: small cell carcinoma

See Cancer
Page: Small-headed seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hydrophis gracilis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Snakes

Venom Toxins Coagulants, Cytotoxins (Necrotoxins), Haemorrhagins, Myotoxins, Nephrotoxins, Neurotoxins, Sarafotoxins Phylogeny Serpentes Elapidae Viperidae Colubridae Geographic Regions North America South America Eurasia Africa Tropical Asia Australasia The Oceans
Page: Snouted cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja annulifera Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Tanzania to South ...
Page: Snouted night adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Causus defilippi Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Southeastern Africa ...
Page: Socially Responsible Investing

What Is Socially Responsible Investing (SRI)? "Socially Responsible Investing (SRI) is a broadbased approach to investing that now encompasses an estimated $2.71 trillion out of $25.1 trillion in the U.S. investment marketplace today. SRI recognizes that corporate responsibility and societal ...
Page: Society of Forensic Toxicologists

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The Society of Forensic Toxicologists (SOFT) was founded in 1970 by a group of forensic toxicologists led by Abe Freirich at the Naussau County Medical Examiners office. The meetings began ...
Page: Society of Toxicologic Pathology

Topic editor: Kevin Keane Lead author: Kevin Keane !STP.banner.jpg! Welcome to the STP Wiki Test Page STP web site http://www.toxpath.org The goals of the STP Wiki: •To create a "goto site" for the most comprehensive and current toxicologic pathology ...
Page: Society of Toxicology

Lead Author: Sean Foley Overview !SOT.logo.gif align=left! !SOT.founders.png thumbnail, align=right! Founded in 1961, the Society of Toxicology (SOT) is an organization of both professional and educational purpose, intended to represent those involved in the field of toxicology. The Society ...
Page: Socrates

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !socrates.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Socrates was an ancient Greek philosopher widely credited with establishing the basis for Western philosophical inquiry and the Socratic method of both debate and teaching ...
Page: Sodium fluoroacetate (1080)

Authors: Allison Camp Overview Sodium fluoroacetate (1080) is a naturally occurring poison found in plants in Australia, South Africa and Brazil.  1080 is highly toxic to mammals, including humans, and is primarily used for protecting sheep and goats from predatory ...
Page: Sodium hydroxide (Na(OH))

Overview !1310732.png! Uses Home and automotive cleaning products Cologne Soap Toothpaste Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Listed as a suspected respiratory toxicant (EDF) Several reports have found cancer in the esophagus years after ...
Page: Solar Radiation

article is tagged for expansion. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ External Links European, Asian, and International Agencies \\ England Department of Health Committee on Medical Aspects of Radiation in the Environment (COMPARE) http://www.doh.gov.uk/comare/comare.htm. ...
Page: Solomons coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Salomonelaps par Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Solomon Islands ...
Page: Solomons small-eyed snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Loveridgelaps elapoides Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Solomon Islands ...
Page: solvent

Page: Solvents - Chemical Profiles and External Links

Also read A Small Dose of Solvents, our introductory chapter on solvents from the book A Small Dose of Toxicology. Acetone Ethyl Alcohol Benzene Carbon Disulphide Chloroform Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Dibromochloropropane Dichloroacetic Acid 1,3Dichloropropane Diethylene Glycol N ...
Page: Sonoran coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert insert picture \\ \\ \\ micruroides euryxanthus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and Myotoxin Myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate

Overview !sorbitan.png! Sorbitan is a mixture of chemical compounds derived from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol obtained from glucose. It is an amber colored liquid. \\ Uses Oil Dispersants Shampoo Skin Cream Air Freshener Stainless Steel Cleaner \\ Toxicity ...
Page: Sorbitan, mono-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs.

Overview Sorbitan, mono(9Z)9octadecenoate, poly(oxy1,2ethanediyl) derivs, also known as Polysorbate 80, "is a nonionic surfactant used widely as an additive in foods, pharmaceutical preparations, and cosmetics as an emulsifier, dispersant, or stabilizer. (National Toxicology Program)" Uses ...
Page: Sorbitan, tri - (9Z) - 9 - octadecenoate

Overview !26266580 Pub Chem.png thumbnail! Uses Personal care products Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health In studies done on mice, no mortalities or clinical signs were observed (EPA) Skin and eye irritant (MSDS) Hazardous ...
Page: Sorbitan, tri-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs

Overview !9005703.gif! Also known as Polysorbate 85, is an emulsifier, something that binds together two substances that under normal conditions would not combine, such as oil and water. Uses Sorbitan, tri(9Z)9octadecenoate, poly(oxy1,2ethanediyl) derivs. is found in the following ...
Page: Sorbitan, tri-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs.

Uses Adjuvant Increases the effects of other chemicals Potential Human Health Effects Slightly hazardous in case of ingestion or inhalation (MSDS) References MSDS http://www.sciencelab.com/msds.php?msdsId=9926646
Page: SOT History

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !SOT.logo.gif align=left! !SOT.founders.png thumbnail, align=right! "The Society of Toxicology (SOT) http://www.toxicology.org/index.asp is a professional and scholarly organization of scientists from academic ...
Page: SOT Journal

Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology (SOT) !ToxSciCover72dpi.gif thumbnail, align=left! Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology Fundamental and Applied Toxicology (FAAT) later Toxicological Sciences was established by SOT as an official journal from 1981 to the present. Toxicological perspective ...
Page: SOT-THR-2009

first Toxicology History Room (THR) was held at the 2009 Society of Toxicology meeting in Baltimore, MD., March 1618, 2009. The THR program provides details of the exhibit. SOT provided some support but neither endorsed nor took any responsibility ...
Page: SOTwiki

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Debbie O'Keefe !SOT.logo.gif thumbnail, align=left! Society of Toxicology Demonstration Wiki site The Society of Toxicology http://www.toxicology.org/ is the leading organization dedicated to creating a safer and healthier world by advancing ...
Page: South Africa

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: South America

Coralsnakes Guianan slender coralsnake (Leptomicrurus collaris) Guianan slender coralsnake Painted coralsnake (Micrurus corallinus) Painted coralsnake South American coralsnake (Micrurus lemniscatus) South American coralsnake Amazonian coralsnake (Micrurus spixii) Amazonian coralsnake Aquatic ...
Page: South American bushmaster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Lachesis muta Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance ...
Page: South American coralsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Micrurus lemniscatus Basic Information Venom name: Type of Toxin: Postsynaptic neurotoxin neurotoxins and myotoxins Manner of intake: bite Absorption: Human ...
Page: South American rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus durissus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Geographic variability Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
Page: South Fork Dam

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Johnstownflooddebris.jpg thumbnail, align=right! !Johnstown.joflsfdambreaking.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Johnstown Flood (or Great Flood of 1889 as it became known locally) occurred on May 31 ...
Page: Southern African gartsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Elapsoidea sundevalli Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Namibia to Botswana ...
Page: Southern shovel-nosed snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Simoselaps semifasciata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: South Australia ...
Page: Soviet Mayak complex

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Mayak.nuclear.explosion.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !KyshtymSovietUnion.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Mayak is one of the biggest nuclear facilities in the Russian Federation. Located 150 km southeast ...
Page: Speckled forest-pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Bothriopsis taeniata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Anticoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: Spectacled cobra

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Naja {}naja{} {}Physical Information{} Venom name: Postsynaptic neurotoxins toxipedia:Neurotoxins, cardiotoxins http://www.toxinology.com/fusebox.cfm?staticaction=snakes/nsvenmed21.htm Toxins: Alphaneurotoxins, cobratoxins, cardiotoxins ...
Page: Sponsors

Become a Sponsor Individual Sponsors Toxipedia depends on our different sponsors and we invite everyone to take a stake in creating a healthier world by funding the site. Every donation, no matter how modest, helps us maintain and grow the site's capacity ...
Page: Spotted forest snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Toxicocalamus spilolepidotus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: The Kratke Mountains ...
Page: Spotted harlequin snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Homoroselaps lacteus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: South Africa ...
Page: Spotted snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Suta punctata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: North and west ...
Page: Sri Lankan green pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Trimeresurus trigonocephalus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Sri Lanka ...
Page: St. John's Dance

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview One of the first major outbreaks of St. John's Dance was in Aachen, Germany, on June 24, 1374; the populace danced wildly through the streets, screaming of visions ...
Page: Stella Nickell

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Seattle area women Stella Nickell was sentenced to 99 years in prison for murdering her husband by coating his excedrin with Cyanide. She poisoned several other ...
Page: Stephen L. Tvedten

TheBestControl.jpg thumbnail! Stephen Tvedten innovator of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies and the author of The Best Control II. The book encompasses every aspect of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Learn how to practice nontoxic pest control using safe ...
Page: Sterling Bunnell

author.pic.JPG thumbnail! Add picture Psychiatrist and poet Author of the On the Old Back Stair Beatitude Press (2005) more info \\ \\ Articles Written by XXX Poem ToxJunk:MIND WALKING? Poem ToxJunk:How the orchid bends \\ \\ Articles Edited by XXX
Page: Steve Bechler

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !stevebechlerautograph.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Steven Scott Bechler (November 18, 1979 February 17, 2003) was a Major League Baseball pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles ...
Page: Steven Alan Seifert

Background !Seifert.as.Mead.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Seifert.tuxt.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Steven A. Seifert, MD, FAACT, FACMT is a Professor, with tenure, at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine and the Medical Director of the New Mexico Poison and Drug Information Center. Dr ...
Page: Steven G. Gilbert

sgg.cat.JPG thumbnail,align=right! Steven G. Gilbert, PhD, DABT is Director and Founder of the Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND) toxipedia:The Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND), Seattle, Washington. INND is a nonprofit (501(c)3) institute ...
Page: Stockholm Convention

Lead Author \\ Maria M. Williams Overview The "Dirty Dozen" 1 Aldrin ¹ \\ 2 Chlordane ¹ \\ 3 DDT(Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane) ¹ 4 Dieldrin ¹ 5 Endrin ¹ 6 Heptachlor ¹ 7 Hexachlorobenzene ¹,² 8 Mirex¹ 9 Toxaphene¹ 10 PCBs ...
Page: Stokes' seasnake

add general info \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean ...
Page: Strengthen SOT's Organizational Effectiveness

Issue For nearly 50 years, SOT has successfully provided quality programs and services to meet member needs. SOT has a strong base of members, infrastructure and resources; however, in an everchanging environment, SOT must strengthen its organizational ...
Page: Strychnine

Overview The Strychnine tree (Strychnos nux vomica L.) also known as Nux vomica is source of the highly poisonous alkaloids strychnine and brucine. These Chemicals List are derived from the seeds approximately 1.5% strychnine and the and the dried blossoms contain lesser amounts ...
Page: Styrene

article is tagged for development. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Styrene is a liquid chemical Chemicals List used in producing polystyrene plastics and resins including rubber, plastic, insulation, fiberglass, pipes, automobile parts ...
Page: Suicides from Pesticide Ingestion

Quick Facts "Facts: • Worldwide, an estimated three million cases of pesticide poisoning occur every year, resulting in an excess of 250,000 deaths. • This mortality accounts for a substantial fraction of the almost 900,000 people worldwide who die by suicide ...
Page: Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts

Uses Automotive machinery cleaning product Detergents Oil dispersant Toxicity Potential Effects on Human Health Irritant to eyes and skin. Causes redness, pain. (NIOSH) Effects of exposure through ingestion include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting (NIOSH) Effects ...
Page: sulfur

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Page: Sulla

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Sulla.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (ca. 138 BC78 BC), held numerous positions in Rome, including General and later dictator, during ...
Page: Summary

summary
Page: Summary and Recommendations

Pesticides are widely used to help ensure an adequate food supply as well as to protect our health and safety from unwanted pests. But despite their benefits, these chemicals are not without their problems: they pose known and potential risks to human and environmental health. Individually ...
Page: Summary.docx

summary
Page: Sunburst's Texaco refinery

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Sunburst.refinery.jpg thumbnail, align=left! In 1922 oil was discovered in the KevinSunburst oil fields in Montana. In 1924 a small refinery was opened to process the crude oil. Texaco ...
Page: Superfund

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Also see our page on brownfields Toxipedia:Brownfields. !toxic.jpg thumbnail! Overview In 1980, Congress enacted The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), also known ...
Page: Superior Portland Cement

Superior Portland Cement, Concrete Wa Introduction Superior Portland Cement Site Now known as Silo Park, this was the site of Concrete's second cement plant, completed in 1908, and later operated by Lone Star Northwest until 1967. \\ !old.plant.smoke.jpg thumbnail ...
Page: Support FIHRI

Support FIHRI FIHRI exists to eliminate harmful substances in food and food production through research, consumer education, and public reporting. We need your support to make this happen. With a $25 donation you can become a member of the Food Ingredient ...
Page: Susan Brinchman

Susan Brinchman, M. Ed Tech, is the Founder and Executive Director of  The Center for School Mold Help www.schoolmoldhelp.org (SMH), a national, educational, 501c3 nonprofit based in La Mesa, CA, USA. Ms. Brinchman ...
Page: Svante Arrhenius

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Arrhenius.Svante.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 October 2, 1927) was a Swedish scientist, originally a physicist, but often referred ...
Page: Syllabus - Class assignments - Editorial

Class 472/572 Syllabus Class syllabus draft Jan 28, 2009 Syllabus Class assignments EditorialENVH 472 syllabus 2010.pdf \\ Editorial OpEd Key Points OpEdkeypts.pdf pdf Guidelines for writing OpEd OpEdwriting.pdf In Harm's Way Toxic Threats ...

T
Page: Tabun

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !tabun.jpg thumbnail! Overview Tabun was the first of the nerve agents to be synthesized. It was created by accident in 1937 by Gerhard Schrader Schrader as he was working to discover new organohophate insecticides. Tabun inhibits ...
Page: Tacoma Smelter

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Tacoma.smelter.jpg align=center! !Tacoma.Smelter.3.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Tacoma Smelter furnace was fired up on September 12, 1889 and began melting metal ores ...
Page: Tanzania WLT Country Page

Country Correspondent: Revocatus Machunda Educational Background:(BSc General (Chemistry and Applied Microbiology) M.Sc in Environmental Sciences, and PhD in Environmental Sciences and Engineering. \\ Work Station: Sokoine University of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences PO Box ...
Page: Tar Creek

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Location The Tar Creek Superfund Site is located in the TriState Mining Area tristate area in Ottawa, County in northeastern Oklahoma. The site covers 43 square miles (27,520 acres ...
Page: Taxanes

Topic author: Kathleen Duke toxipedia:Kathleen Duke\\ \\ Copyeditor: Maria M. Williams\\ Overview !Taxolsvg.sm.png align=right! The taxanes are a family of chemotherapeutic agents derived from certain species of yews (coniferous trees of the genus Taxus). Paclitaxel, nicknamed ...
Page: Taxanes - Delivery Issues

Because it is insoluble in water, paclitaxel was, until recently, available only in a Cremophor base. Cremophor, a product of the BASF Corporation, is a form of castor oil that has been treated with ethylene oxide http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/EthyleneOxide%28EtO%29, a precursor ...
Page: Taxanes - History

Paclitaxel is a naturally occurring substance in the bark of the slowgrowing Pacific yew tree (Taxus brevifolia), and it is the nature of this source that generated a firestorm of controversy soon after the drug was licensed for development. Paclitaxel was welcomed by oncologists, particularly for its effects against cancers that fail ...
Page: Taxanes - Mechanism of Action

taxanes are mitotic inhibitors, meaning that they inhibit tumors primarily by preventing cells from entering mitosis, a process of cell division. The taxanes accomplish this by inhibiting microtubule polymerization. In addition, taxanes appear to stimulate apoptosis, or programmed cell death, which is often ...
Page: Taxanes - References

History and General  Bradley M.O., Webb N.L., Anthony F.H., Devanesan P., Witman P.A., Hemamalini S., Chander M.C., Baker S.D., He L., Horwitz S.B., and Swindell C.S.  "Tumor Targeting by Covalent Conjugation of a Natural Fatty ...
Page: Taxanes - Related Compounds

Epothilones Initially discovered in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum, epothilones are under evaluation as taxane alternatives. The epothilones have a similar but not identical mechanism of action to the taxanes they are microtubule depolymerization inhibitors but remain effective against a variety of paclitaxelresistant cancers and appear to have lower ...
Page: Taxanes - Summary

From their initial development, the taxanes have been a mainstay of anticancer therapy, and are likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. They lack the cardiotoxicity of the anthracyclines toxipedia:Anthracyclines, and though neuropathy continues to limit their utility, novel taxanes now in clinical trial may ...
Page: tcdd

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The most toxic dioxin, 2,3,7,8tetrachlorodibenzopdioxin (TCDD), became well known as a contaminant of Agent Orange, a herbicide used in the Vietnam War
Page: TCEP

Authors: toxipedia:Allison Camp Overview TCEP, Tris(2chloroethyl) phosphate, is a current use flameretardant commonly found in furniture containing polyurethane foam. It is also used as a flame retardant in many other applications such as electronics, textiles, and carpet (#1). It has ...
Page: Teaching Resources

Overview !child.1.jpg thumbnail,align=left! This section provides free educational resources for people interested in teaching subjects related to public and environmental health. Resources have been gathered from fellow teachers, professors, nonteaching experts, and Internet and library ...
Page: Teaching Resources on Children's Health

Topics with Teaching Resources: Ethyl Alcohol Arsenic Caffeine Cancer Lead Mercury Neurotoxicology Nervous System Nicotine Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Pesticides Precautionary Princinple Respiratory Toxicology and Asthma Risk Assessment Risk Assessment and Risk Management ...
Page: Ted Levine

Frank Theodore Levine is an accomplished actor both in film and television.  His most famous role was "Buffalo Bill" in The Silence of the Lambs (1991).  For many years he played the role of Captain Leland Stottlemeyer, head of&nbsp ...
Page: Tefluthrin

article has been tagged for development.\ Overview Tefluthrin is a synthetic pyrethroid Pyrethroids pesticide pesticides that was fist introduced in 1986 and it is synthesized from the flower heads of chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium which contain the natural Pyrethroids esters of chrysanthemumic acid (R1 = CH ...
Page: Tellurium Compounds

Contents # #Chemical Description # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Uses and Benefits # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts Physical ...
Page: Temik

Overview Temik is a commercial insecticide insecticides formerly produced Bayer. Its active ingredient is aldicarb. Its use was banned in the European Union in early 2007. \\ \\ Current Events January 11, 2007 Robbers poisoned fourteen dogs and two cats ...
Page: Template 3.10

Quick Facts: \\ Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts: Environmental: Recommendations
Page: Templates

Templates are a feature of the wiki language that allow the writer to start a page with a set format. Existing Toxipedia templates are below: Author template for the Toxipedia author pages. test temp
Page: Tennessee coal sludge spill

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !TVAHouseflood.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !TVA.AshslidesiteDec232008.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The TVA Tennessee coal sludge spill occurred on December 22, 2008, when hundreds of millions ...
Page: Teratogens

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Leah Tait Overview Teratogens are toxic agents that cause abnormal development resulting in birth defects. Between 3% and 5% of children born in the United States are born with developmental defects pregnancy and developmental ...
Page: Terbufos

article has been tagged for development. Overview Terbufos is a highly toxic organophosphate organophosphates pesticide pesticides and products containing the chemical are labeled dangerous. Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ {}Just the facts{} {}Physical Information ...
Page: Terbufros

Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Debelopment # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ \\ Just the facts ...
Page: Terms of Use

Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License You are free:     to Share to copy, distribute and transmit the work, and     to Remix to adapt the work Under the following conditions:     Attribution ...
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Page: Tetramethrin

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Tetramethrin was first registered with the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency in 1968. It is a fast working contact insecticide http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia ...
Page: Tetrodotoxin

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Fugu Tetrodotoxin Poster !PW Poster Fugu.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Fugu Tetrodotoxin poster PW Poster Fugu.pdf (2.5 mgb) by Philip Wexler, National ...
Page: Texas City Disaster

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Texas.City.Disaster.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The Texas City Disaster was a major 20thcentury industrial accident in Texas City, Texas (United States). The incident took place ...
Page: Texas City Refinery Explosion

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Texas.City.refinery.EXPLOSION.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On March 23, 2005, a fire and explosion occurred at BP's Texas City Refinery in Texas City, Texas, killing 15 ...
Page: Thailand

Page: Thalidomide

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Megan Roark Drug History and Adverse Effects !swimming pool.jpg thumbnail, align=left! There is some discussion regarding who first synthesized thalidomide, with some claiming it was synthesized by the German pharmaceutical ...
Page: Thallium

article is tagged for development. Overview Thallium is a highly toxic heavy metal http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Metals that is the focus of a highly contentious crisis in Russia. ExKGB spy Alexander Litnvinenko was poisoned recently and many suspect the Kremlin was involved. \\ \\ Read ...
Page: The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)

CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 1993 Review {}TXP1{} The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. Its full name is the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use ...
Page: The Community Coalition for Environmental Justice

Secret Charles Overview The Community Coalition for Environmental Justice (CCEJ) is Seattle's first environmental justice group. Convened by Black and Asian Pacific women in 1993 with support from a diverse group of organizations and individuals, CCEJ created a broadbased coalition that includes ...
Page: The Council of Ten

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !venice.jpg thumbnail, align=left! The Council of Ten, or simply the Ten, was one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice from 1310 to 1797. Although its ...
Page: The Daily Green's Organic Mom Fails - Buying Truly Safe Toys Is Impossible

Alexandra Zissu December 22, 2009 Once your kid starts making her own wishlist, giftbuying only gets harder.\\ Parents of older children may not be surprised to read this confession: as my daughter gets older, shopping for safe ...
Page: The Ideal Pesticide

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Stephen L. Tvedten \\ The 5th Edition of Truman's Scientific Guide to Pest Control Operations description of the "The Ideal Pesticide": \\ \\ "Ideally any pesticide will act rapidly on pests, yet be completely harmless to people ...
Page: The Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND)

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !INND Logo.jpg align=right! The Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological Disorders (INND) is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization focused on research and education on toxic chemicals ...
Page: The Knights Templar

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Knight.templer.jpg thumbnail,align=right! The Templar Knights or 'Poor Knights of Christ' were a monastic order of knights founded in 1112 A.D. on the Temple Mount to protect the pilgrims along ...
Page: The National Estuary Program

Contents # #Background # #Comprehensive Conservation and Management Plan # #Controversies # #Estuaries in the NEP # #Current Events # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Background !http://www.dnrec.state.de.us/water2000/Sections/Watershed/ws/images/neptitle.jpg! The National Estuary ...
Page: The Oceans

Sea Kraits Yellowlipped sea krait (Laticauda colubrina) Yellowlipped sea krait Brownlipped sea krait (Laticauda laticaudata) Brownlipped sea krait True Seasnakes Olive seasnake (Aipysurus laevis) Olive seasnake Annulated turtleheaded seasnake (Emydocephalus ...
Page: The Perils of Pesticide Use

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Stephen L. Tvedten {}The Art of War In any war, one must have a sword (an offensive weapon) and a shield (defensive protection) when we choose to only use volatile, synthetic ...
Page: The Rocky Mountain Arsenal

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview Rocky Mountain Arsenel was constructed during World War II near Denver, Colorado to produce mustard mustard gas but was converted after the war to begin producing nerve ...
Page: The Story of Stuff

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview All the stuff in our lives, beginning from the extraction of the resources to make it, through its production, sale, use and disposal, affects communities at home and abroad ...
Page: The Tragedy of the Commons

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ The Tragedy of the Commons is a 1968 paper by biologist Garrett Hardin. The paper was meant to focus attention on the lack of technical solutions to arrest overpopulation, but its explanation for why commonlyheld resources such as groundwater ...
Page: Theodore Wormley

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !wormley.pic.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Theodore George Wormley (b. April 1, 1826 d. January 2, 1897) in Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania was a medical doctor ...
Page: Theophylline

Overview Theophylline is a xanthine alkaloid closely related to caffeine, differing only in the number of CHC 3 groups attached to the rings of the structure. \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Pharmacology and Metabolism Theopylline is readily ingested following ...
Page: Thimerosal

Overview Thimerosal (50% mercury by weight) is used as preservative in vaccines. Thimerosal is made with ethlymercurrichloride. The concentration of this material in many vaccines is 0.01% thimerosal. This is equivalent to 100,000 ppb thimerosal or 50,000 ppb mercury in the original vaccine vial. We now know ...
Page: thiodiglycol

THIODIGLYCOL Review {}TXP1
Page: Thiram

Overview Thiram is a nonsystemic dimethyl dithiocarbamate fungicide insecticides used as both in the field and to protect harvested crops in transport and storage (#EPA). It is registered by the EPA environmental protection agency as a class II (slightly toxic) General Use Pesticide used on a variety ...
Page: This Is My Health

Toxipedia's "This Is My Health" provides an outlet for you to share your opinions about environmental and public health topics. These entries are essentially short editorials about topics you are passionate about, and they are featured on our homepage and in our enewsletter. Do ...
Page: This Is My Health Submission Guidelines

Toxipedia invites you to submit personal testimonials containing your thoughts, concerns, or feelings about issues related to public health and environmental health. All topics and positions related to public and environmental health are welcome. Below are some guidelines and suggestions ...
Page: Thomas de Quincey

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !quincey.gif thumbnail, align=left! Thomas de Quincey (August 15, 1785 December 8, 1859) was an English author and intellectual most famous ...
Page: Thomas Midgley, Jr.

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !T.Midgley.png thumbnail,align=left! !Ethyl.gas.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Thomas Midgley, Jr. (May 18, 1889 November 2, 1944), an American chemist, developed ...
Page: Three Gorges Dam

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley !Three.G.dam.jpg thumbnail! An aerial view of the Three Gorges Dam. (Image date: 13 July 2003) Credit UNEP/Digital Globe History of Dam Building in China The Chinese ...
Page: Three Mile Island Disaster

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !ThreeMileIsland.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station Three Mile Island Nuclear Generating Station is a civilian nuclear power plant located ...
Page: Three-horned pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Triceratolepidophis sieversorum Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Probable haemorrhagins, cytotoxins (necrotoxins) Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Timber rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus horridus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins, myotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity ...
Page: Times Beach

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overivew Dangerous levels of Dioxin discovered in Times Beach, MO, in 1982 resulting from spraying contained oil to control dust. EPA environmental protection agency ...
Page: Tobacco

See Nicotine
Page: TOCP

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended daily intake: Absorption: Sensitive individuals: Toxicity/symptoms: Regulatory facts: General facts: Environmental ...
Page: Todd J. Stedeford

Todd J. Stedeford, PhD, JD, DABT, works at the Environmental Protection Agency as toxicologist as part of the IRIS Staff. Articles Written by Todd J. Stedeford Napoleon's Death by Arsenic Exposure...? History of Napoleon Bonaparte
Page: Tokaimura Incident

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !tokaimura.plant.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !tokaimura.plan.gif thumbnail, align=right! Overview The Tokaimura nuclear accident was Japan's worst civilian nuclear radiation accident. It took place ...
Page: Tokugawa Shogunate

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !shogunate.women.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !samuraibone.lead.jpg thumbnail, align=right! During the Edo period, cosmetics became popular and the vogue was usually introduced by Kabuki actors ...
Page: Tokyo Subway

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !sarin.tokyo.gif thumbnail, align=left! Members of religious group Aum Shinrikyo released sarin gas in 5 places in Tokyo subway, killing 12 and injuring 6,000 ...
Page: Toluene

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Stephen Palmateer Overview Toluene is used as an additive and solvent Solvents Chemical Profiles and External Links in numerous industries and can have negative effects on the nervous system. Sniffing paint, glue ...
Page: Tomas Syrovatka

Tomas Syrovatka is a graduate of Charles university in Prague (Faculty of Science) with a MSc. degree in clinical and toxicological analysis. He is working at the National Institute of Public Health in Czech Republic and is a Country Correspondent for Czech Republic
Page: Topic List

nbsp; !800pxGrasGrün.JPG thumbnail,align=left!  Browse the topic categories below, or explore All Articles http://toxipedia.org/pages/listpagesalphaview.action?key=toxipedia, Chemicals List toxipedia:Chemicals List, or Authors Authors and Editors.   To see ...
Page: Topics of Interest on Medpedia

Acetone http://wiki.medpedia.com/Acetone Benzene http://wiki.medpedia.com/Benzene Botulism http://wiki.medpedia.com/Botulism Chlordane http://wiki.medpedia.com/Chlordane Chlorfenvinphos http://wiki.medpedia.com/Chlorfenvinphos Chlorpyrifos http://wiki.medpedia.com/Chlorpyrifos Dichlorvos http://wiki.medpedia.com/Dichlorvos Disulfoton http ...
Page: Torrey Canyon

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !torreycanyon.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !torreycanyon.jpg thumbnail, align=right! On March 18 1967, owing to a navigational error, the Torrey Canyon, carry over 100,000 ...
Page: Toxaphene

Overview Toxaphene, also known as camphechlor, chlorocamphene, polychlorocamphene, and chlorinated camphene, is a highly toxic and bioaccumulative bioaccumulation organic insecticide insecticides. It is one of the socalled Dirty Dozen, a group of 12 chemicals that are considered highly toxic and associated with numerous diseases and birth ...
Page: Toxic Chemicals in Household Products

Editor and Lead Author: Maria M. Williams Many people are not surprised to hear that household items like pesticides, cleaning products, and automotive supplies can be harmful to health and should be used with care. But toxic chemicals can be found in a wide range ...
Page: Toxic Curiosities

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Tox.curiosities.png thumbnail, align=right! Toxic Curiosities National Museum of Health and Medicine http://nmhm.washingtondc.museum/ by (Jim Curley and the National Museum of Health and Medicine) Toxic ...
Page: Toxic Oil Syndrome

Overview Toxic Oil Syndrome or simply Toxic Syndrome was the name given to an unusual disease outbreak in Spain in 1981. Its first appearance was as a lung disease, with unusual features: though the symptoms initially resembled a lung infection, antibiotics were ...
Page: Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Authors: Steven G. Gilbert Maria M. Williams Overview The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the United States Congress in 1976 and signed October 11, 1976 ...
Page: Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Inventory Update Reporting (IUR) rule

TSCA "provides EPA with authority to require reporting, recordkeeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures. Certain substances are generally excluded from TSCA, including, among others, food, drugs, cosmetics and pesticides."\\ \\ References http://www.epa.gov ...
Page: Toxic Warfare and Poison Weapons in Antiquity

Overview !Greek fire book.jpg thumbnail, align=left! A highly informative volume narrates the long pretechnological history of the use of poisons and fire in warfare. Book Greek Fire, Poison Arrows, and Scorpion Bombs: Biological and Chemical Warfare, in the Ancient World ...
Page: Toxicology

External Links Teaching resources Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health http://depts.washington.edu/ceeh/Outreach/outreach.html, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington. (accessed: 1 April 2003). K12 teacher resources, ToxInA Box, and other ...
Page: Toxicology History Association

Toxicology History Association (THA) Toxicology History Association (THA) Mission Statement (Draft) The Toxicology History Association (THA) is a scholarly society consisting of toxicologists, historians, and others interested in promoting the study of the history of toxicology and related fields, including, but not limited ...
Page: Toxicology History Library

Overview The Toxicology History Library provides a list of notable libraries with toxicology collections and a list of interesting books or publications on toxicology history. \\ Libraries U.S. National Library of Medicine http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/index.html, 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD ...
Page: Toxicology History Room

Overview The Toxicology History Room (THR) provides extensive information on a few historical issues. The THR is a collection of posters and other resources suitable for display at scientific meetings or other gatherings. The THR was organized and presented by Steven G. Gilbert and Phil Wexler ...
Page: Toxicology on This Day

daily calendar chronicles events that have shaped the history of toxicology. Be the first to add your favorite event\! #January #February #March #April #May #June #July #August #September #October #November #December \\ January January 1\\ January 8 ...
Page: Toxicology Timeline

Antiquity 3000 BCE 90 CE #anti Middle Ages 476 CE 1453 #middle Renaissance 14th16th #renaiss 1700s #1700x 1800s #1800x 19001939 #1930x 19401969 #1940x 19702007 #1970x Year Antiquity 3000 BCE 90 ...
Page: Toxics in the Home

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ \\ Background \\ Toxicological Perspective \\ Current Events \\ Teaching Resources External Links References
Page: Toxics Release Inventory

What is TRI? The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) http://www.epa.gov/tri/ is a publicly available EPA database that contains information on toxic chemical releases and other waste management activities reported annually by certain covered industry groups as well as federal ...
Page: Toxipedia

800pxSchulkindereinerGrundschuleinGhana.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Toxipedia is a free toxicology encyclopedia offering articles and resources toxipedia:Topic List about toxic chemicals toxipedia:Chemicals List (such as pesticides toxipedia:Pesticides and endocrine disruptors toxipedia:Endocrine Disruptors), health conditions ...
Page: Toxipedia Announces IPMOPEDIA

News Release For Immediate Release: Monday, February 23, 2009 Contact: Sean Foley (913) 5220959 sfoley@toxipedia.org TOXIPEDIA ANNOUNCES GREEN GARDENING RESOURCE CENTER IPMOPEDIA Online center brings public together with experts for healthier gardens\\ (SEATTLE ...
Page: Toxipedia Disclaimer

TOXIPEDIA MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY\\ Toxipedia is..... A modified wiki website which provides the ability to edit a page to all users who are granted permission. Those privileges are managed by the site administrators. A vast majority of the pages do not have restrictions ...
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Page: Toxipedia Launches Washington Nuclear Museum (WANMEC) and Educational Center

Toxipedia is proud to announce the launch of the newest addition to our suite of sites, WANMEC Washington Nuclear Museum and Educational Center http://toxipedia.org/display/wanmec/Welcome, a project of Washington Physicians for Social Responsibility http://www.psr.org/chapters/washington/. From ...
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INND Brochure INND Brochure May 11.pdf, May 2011 (pdf) Toxipedia Circles of sites clickable 10.16.10 Toxipedia.web.sites.circles.10.26.09.pdf (pdf) Toxipedia suite of sites KL toxsuite.clickable.pdf (pdf 1.5 mgb) Small Dose clickable poster SmDsTox.poster.clickable.pdf (pdf ...
Page: Toxipedia to Manage NLM's World Library of Toxicology!

Toxipedia to Manage NLM's World Library of Toxicology\! January, 2009 Greetings, !WLT Logo.jpg align=right! Toxipedia has won the right to manage the National Library of Medicine' s World Library of Toxicology (WLT)\! The WLT is a repository of public health links ...
Page: Toxipedia Web Development Services

toxwebdevfinalflyer.sm.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Toxipedia Web Development Services (TWDS) provides sciencebased nonprofit organizations, professional societies, and public interest groups with cuttingedge website design and construction to create open spaces for effective information sharing and dissemination. (open ...
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Page: TransAlta Coal Plant WA

page is under development. Please contribute Contribute to Toxipedia!! Overview !TransAlta.coal.plant.jpg thumbnail, align=right! The TransAlta coal plant is the largest source of global warming pollution in Washington State. It's also the largest source of toxic mercury pollution, which is especially ...
Page: Trey Nelson

Articles Written Ethyl Alcohol
Page: Tri-State Area

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley \\ Overview The TriState Mining Area covers more than 2,500 square miles in southwestern Missouri, southeastern Kansas, and northeastern Oklahoma (#EPA, 2007). \\ \\ pic \\ Background The first commercial ...
Page: Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert !TriangleFactoryfire004.jpg thumbnail! !triangleshirtwaistfirebuilding.jpg thumbnail! Current building !TriangleFactoryfire002.jpg thumbnail! Overview The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in New York City on March 25, 1911, was one ...
Page: Tributyltin

Overview Tributyltin (TBT) is a highly toxic biocide that has been used extensively to prevent the growth of marine organisms on the hulls of large ships. It is a problem in the aquatic environment because it is extremely toxic to nontarget organisms, is linked to immunosupression and imposex (development of male ...
Page: Trichlorfon

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Managing Groups: Chemicals Group Trichlorfon is a moderately toxic organophosphate insecticide organophosphates which is registered as a General Use Pesticide by the EPA environmental Protection Agency but the primary manufacture, Bayer ...
Page: Trichloroethylene

Overview Trichloroethylene is a nonflammable liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon used as an industrial solvent. It is often referred to as TCE, Trike, or tri and is sold under numerous brand names. \\ \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Jack Vanden Heuvel \ Page ...
Page: Triclopyr

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Triclopyr is a chloropyridinyl compound herbicide used against woody and herbaceous weeds. Most triclopyr is sold as a triethylamine salt (abbreviated TEA) or butoxyethyl ...
Page: Triclosan

Overview Triclosan is a synthetic chlorinated aromatic compound with antibacterial properties that has been used widely in many consumer products such as antibacterial soaps, deodorants, toothpastes, cosmetics, fabrics, plastics, and other products for at least the past 20 years. It was first registered ...
Page: Trifluralin

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Trifluralin is a preemergent herbicide belonging to the dinitroaniline chemical family. It was registered with the EPA toxipedia:Environmental Protection Agency in 1963 (#EPA). It is used to control ...
Page: Trinity Nuclear Test

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Trinityexplosion2.jpg thumbnail, align=left! On July 16, 1945, in the desert north of Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first nuclear test took place, codenamed "Trinity ...
Page: Tropical Asia

region encompasses South and Southeast Asia, as well as Eastern Asia. Cobras Chinese cobra (Naja atra) Chinese cobra Spectacled cobra (Naja naja) Spectacled cobra Monocled cobra (Naja kaouthia) toxipedia:Monocled cobra Spitting cobras ...
Page: Two-striped forest-pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bothriopsis bilineata Physical Information Venom name: Toxins:Procoagulants coagulants, anticoagulants coagulants, Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom ...
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Page: Tylenol Incident

Overview In 1982, an unknown criminal killed seven people using Cyanide. This incident resulted in the introduction of tamper proof packaging for medicines

U
Page: U.S. Pesticide Regulation

United States, regulation initially focused on protecting the consumer from pesticide residue on food, but it became apparent that protection was needed for workers applying or working near pesticides. Congress passed the first federal act specifically dealing with pesticides in 1947. This act ...
Page: U.S. Prohibition

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Prohibition.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Instituted by the Eighteenth Amendmentof the Constitution, prohibition in the United States created severe health hazards for those who consumed bootlegged ...
Page: Udzungwa worm-eating viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Adenorhinos barbouri Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: East Africa ...
Page: Under-Quantification of Polychlorinated Camphene (Toxaphene) in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia.

UnderQuantification of Polychlorinated Camphene (Toxaphene) in Brunswick, Glynn County, Georgia. January 2001  Summary             The U.S. EPA, Georgia EPD, and Hercules Inc. met ...
Page: Union Carbide

Overview Union Carbide is one of the oldest chemical and polymer manufacturers in the United States and currently employs more than 3,800 employees. In the 1920s, Union developed a way to make ethylene from natural gas thus giving birth to the modern petrochemical ...
Page: United States

us.flag.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Country Correspondent: Steven Gilbert Note: There are an enormous number of resources relevant to toxicology and environmental health in the United States. The following is necessarily a highly selected list of some of the most noteworthy. Additional resources are listed ...
Page: United States Atomic Energy Commission

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !USAtomicEnergyCommissionlogo.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Almost a year after World War II ended, the United States Congress established the United States Atomic Energy ...
Page: University Partnerships

Overview Toxipedia seeks partnerships with any undergraduate or graduate program whose focus aligns with Toxipedia's mission to promote public and environmental health. Appropriate subject areas include, but are not limited to, environmental science, public health, toxicology, pharmacology, and biology. University ...
Page: Upton Sinclair

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview !Junglecover.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !Sinclair.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Upton Beall Sinclair, Jr. (September 20, 1878 November 25, 1968), educated at Columbia University ...
Page: Uranium

page is tagged for development. Overview Uranium, a naturally occurring element that is very dense and heavy, is mildly radioactive and toxic, with a halflife of 4.5 billion years. The greatest health risk from large intakes of uranium is toxic damage to the kidneys. Uranium238 is used ...
Page: Uric Acids

Uric acid (or uricite) is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen with the formula C5H4N4O3. \\ \\ Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Just the facts Physical Information Name: Use: Source: Recommended ...
Page: Uruguay

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: Urushiol

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Christine Zarker Primomo \\ \\ Just the facts {}Physical Information{} Name: Urushiol \\ Use: none \\ Source: Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, Poison Sumac \\ Recommended daily intake: none (not essential) \\ Absorption ...
Page: US FDA - A History

Overview The 1906 Food and Drug Act and creation of the FDA !RooseveltFig7.jpg thumbnail, align=left! In June 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt signed into law the Food and Drug Act, also known as the "Wiley Act" after its chief advocate. The Act ...
Page: US Radium Corporation

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview The United States Radium Corporation was a company operated between the years 1917 to 1926 in Orange, New Jersey, in the United States. After initial success in developing ...
Page: US Regulatory Standards for Lead

US governmental agencies have set limits on lead in drinking water, plumbing, paint, and in occupational settings. State laws also exist and may be more stringent than those of the federal government. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) standard ...
Page: US Toxic Sites & Resources

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Nick Thorp US Google Map <iframe width="750" height="350" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" src="http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie ...
Page: User Guide

page provides technical information on how to create and edit pages on Toxipedia. For tips on how to develop content, please read our writers guidelines toxipedia:Writers Guidelines. For general information about the site, please read About Toxipedia toxipedia ...
Page: USS Nautilus

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Nautilus.gif thumbnail,align=left! USS Nautilus (SSN571) was the world's first operational nuclearpowered submarine and the first vessel to complete a submerged transit across the North ...

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Page: V-Agents

Topic editor: Sean Foley Lead author: Sean Foley Overview The VAgents were first developed in Britian in the 1950s. They are preceeded by the letter "V" as an abbreviation for the word "venemous" because their toxicity is so lethal and that they result in similar health effects ...
Page: Van Rensselaer Potter

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !potter.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !potter.globla.bioethics.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Van Rensselaer Potter II (August 27, 1911 September 6, 2001) was an ...
Page: Vanessa Fitsanakis

3212112150499251410737531223640634093815s.jpg! Dr Vanessa A. Fitsanakis received her PhD in Neuroscience from VanderbiltUniversity in 2003.  She was a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Michael Aschner, PhD, in the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology at Wake Forest University from 2003 till 2005.&nbsp ...
Page: Variable bushviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Atheris squamiger Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Central ...
Page: Varsha Narasimhan

Contents # #Background # #Pages Written # #Groups # #Pages Edited \\ !stuff on my camera 52707.jpg thumbnail! Background Varsha Narasimhan is a fourthyear undergraduate at Columbia University in the City of New York, majoring in biology. She hopes to make people healthier as a career ...
Page: Venetian Council

Council of Ten{} The Council of Ten, or simply the Ten from the number of people initailly on the Council, was, from 1310 to 1797, one of the major governing bodies of the Republic of Venice. Although its actions were often secretive, it was generally considered to be fair and effective ...
Page: Venezuela

See the World Library of Toxicology http://www.toxipedia.org/display/wlt/Welcome
Page: Vermiculite

coming soon
Page: Viburnum Trend

nbsp;Overview The Viburnum Trend is a mining area in southern Missouri that still is being used
Page: Vickie's letter

Page: Viktor Yushchenko

Topic editor:Steven G. Gilbert Lead author:Steven G. Gilbert Overview !ViktorYushchenkocrop.jpg thumbnail,align=right! Viktor Andriyovych Yushchenko born February 23, 1954) is a former President of Ukraine. He took office on January 23 ...
Page: Vil Mirzayanov

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Vil Mirzayanov was a chemical weapons scientist at a secret Chemical Weapons laboratory, GosNIIKhT, who exposed the Russian development of the Novichok agents. Under the Wyoming MOU, the Soviets ...
Page: Vinyl Chloride

Overview Vinyl chloride is a flammable and colorless gas with a mildly sweet odor. It can be formed when other substances such as trichloroethane and trichloroethylene are broken down. It is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and vinyl products. Exposure to vinyl chloride occurs ...
Page: Vioxx

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Vioxx.jpg thumbnail, align=left! A nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, COX2 selective inhibitor for treatment of osteoarthritis, produced by Merck & Co. and voluntarily withdrawn because of risk of heart ...
Page: Vitruvian Man

picture overview ....all coming
Page: VX

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview VX is one of the most pernicious and virulent of all chemical warfare agents chemical weapons. It was first synthesized in the early 1950s and later stockpiled by all Allied ...

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Page: W. Eugene Smith

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !WEugenSmith.pipe.jpg thumbnail, align=left! !WEugenSmith.jpg align=right! William Eugene Smith (December 20, 1918, Wichita, Kansas October 15, 1978, Tucson ...
Page: W.R. Grace and Company

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Background The W.R. Grace and Company is a worldwide conglomerate trading textiles, chemicals, fertilizer among other things. Grace has a highly questionable environmental record having ...
Page: Wabash River Ordnance Works

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Overview The Wabash River Ordinance Works was designated as the United States VX plant in 1957. It is located near Newport, Indiana and was originally commissioned in 1941 to produce plastic ...
Page: Wagler's temple pitviper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Tropidolaemus wagleri Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Malaysia, Thailand ...
Page: Washington Toxics Coalition

Overview Washington Toxics Coalition (WTC) http://www.watoxics.org/ is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to protecting public health and the environment in Washington State. For more than 25 years, WTC has worked to pass strong policies for reducing ...
Page: Water Flouridation

Current Events Poughkeepsie Water Board members halt use of flourination and seek data from the state of New York that would reassure them that flouride exposure is truly safe over the long term. See full Poughkeepsie Journal article ...
Home page: Welcome to Toxipedia

Small Dose of Toxicology, 2nd Edition, Released as Free Ebook\! !SD new cover.jpg align=right,thumbnail,border=1! A Small Dose of Toxicology 2nd edition http://www.toxipedia.org/display/hwt/ASmallDoseofToxicology%2C2ndEdition by toxipedia:Steven G ...
Page: Werner von Braun

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Page: West African carpet viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Echis ocellatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: profusive bleeding, shock ...
Page: West African Gaboon viper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Bitis rhinoceros Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants, haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: West ...
Page: West African night adder

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Causus maculatus Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Unknown Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Senegal to Ethiopia ...
Page: Western brownsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Pseudonaja nuchalis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants, Pre and Postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: Western diamondback rattlesnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert add general info \\ \\ Crotalus atrox Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Procoagulants coagulants and Haemorrhagins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms ...
Page: What Causes Cancer?

We are continuously exposed to a wide range of chemical and physical agents, both natural and humangenerated, that may cause cancer. Exposure to sunlight, background radiation, natural and manufactured chemicals, even oxygen can damage our DNA and result in cancer. Because ...
Page: What is a Wiki?

What is a WikiSite? A Wiki is a website that can be edited by anyone! A wiki is an easy to use website where groups of people can collaborate on projects. In the case of toxipedia we are looking for people to edit, correct, add to, or write articles related to the health ...
Page: What the Chemical Industry Doesn't Want You to Know

BPA What the Chemical Industry Doesn't Want You to Know \ Environmental Working Group
Page: White-lipped pitviper

cryptelytrops albolabris.jpg! (Asian Pitvipers, 2006) #References \\ Contents # #Toxilogical Perspective # #Pharmacology and Metabolism # #Discovery and Development # #Uses # #Health Effects # #Precautions # #Current Events # #Regulation # #History # #Advocacy and Opinion # #Teaching Resources # #References \\ Topic editor: Sean Foley ...
Page: White-lipped snake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Drysdalia coronoides Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: myotoxins or neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Tasmania ...
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Looking for a bit of help with wiki markup? The link below will take you to a onepage 'Wiki Basics' help guide. \\View the file, or print and post for easy reference. \\ \\ !helpicon.png! wikimarkupbasics.pdf
Page: wikipedia

Carbon nanotubes: toxicological impact on human health and environment https://catalysttools.washington.edu/collectit/file/cogsci/8731/30954/234771/f2dc913b0acbb09fb5827c0e0ad209c2e5aa9b11185d25422a0b72a44ed4ddc6?inline=1
Page: Wildlife Effects of EDC (Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals)

Invertebrates Snails and other mollusks living in coastal areas around the world developed male reproductive organs after being exposed to the organometal tributyltin (TBT). TBT is an ingredient in antifouling paint used to rid boats and ships of barnacles and other ...
Page: Wilhelm Hueper

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !hueper.wilhelm.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Wilhelm Hueper, author of the first textbook on occupational cancer http://toxipedia.org/display/toxipedia/Cancer (1942). Hueper became ...
Page: William Jennings Bryan

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !WilliamJenningsBryan.jpg thumbnail, align=left! William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 July 26, 1925) was the chief proponent of the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act ...
Page: William Musgrave

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !William.Musgrave.jpg thumbnail, align=left! William Musgrave (16551721), physician and antiquary. He was educated at Winchester College and New College, Oxford, where he was a fellow ...
Page: William Piso

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview William Piso, while in Brazil, was the first to study the effects of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha, used as an emetic and to treat dysentery. !piso.ipesacuanha.jpg thumbnail,align=right
Page: William Saunders

Saunders.W.gif thumbnail! Dr. William Saunders, October, 1910. PHOTO CREDIT: R. Topley, Photographer/ Library and Archives Canada, PA042677 Overview William Sanders was a Canadian pharmacist working in the late 19th Century who became well known for his ...
Page: William Shakespeare

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !Shakespeare.jpg thumbnail, align=left! William Shakespeare (baptized April 26, 1564 April 23, 1616) made an early reference to poisoning in Act ...
Page: Witches Bull

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !burningwoman,gif.gif thumbnail, align=left! !InnocentVIII.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Witches Bull Suummis desiderantes affectibus was issued by Pope Innocent VIII on December ...
Page: Witches’ Flying Ointments

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Stacey Hail Overview Witches’ Flying Ointments Stacey Hail, MD University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center !Witches'FlyingOintments.jpg thumbnail, align=right! In the AD 700s, witchcraft was associated ...
Page: Woody McGinnis

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Woody McGinnis Overview Woody McGinnis, MD is director of research and education at the Autism House in Auckland, New Zealand. His son's response to nutritional intervention some 15 years ago ...
Page: Working with Attachments

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Page: Working with Images

Displaying an Image # Click on the 'Image' ( !InsertEdit Image.jpg!) icon in the toolbar: # This will open up the 'Image Properties' window. All attached images are displayed. You can either: Click on an image to select it, then click 'OK' to insert the image; OR: To attach ...
Page: World Environment Day

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !WED.earthday.jpg thumbnail, align=right! World Environment Day (WED) is a day that stimulates awareness of the environment and enhances political attention and public action. It is on 5 June ...
Page: World Health Organization

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Page: World Trade Centers

Overview "A range of respiratory conditions have also been reported, including wheezing, shortness of breath, sinusitis, asthma, and a new syndrome called WTC cough, which consists of persistent cough accompanied by severe respiratory symptoms
Page: wrecked Spanish vessel

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !HMSTriumph1764.jpg thumbnail, align=right! Following a hurricane on on March 4, 1810, that lasted 4 days, two British ships, HMS Triumph (see right ...
Page: Writers Guidelines

Thank you very much for contributing to Toxipedia\! Please feel free to contact mailto:mwilliams@toxipedia.org if you have questions about any of these guidelines. We look forward to posting your piece\! \\ Length Length will vary depending on the complexity of your ...

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Page: X-rays

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Toxilogical Perspective \\ \\ External Links \\ References
Page: Xylene

article is tagged for development and cleanup. Overview Xylene is composed of three isomers (ortho, meta, and paraxylene), characterized as a colorless, sweetsmelling and highly flammable liquid. It occurs naturally in petroleum and coal tar. Xylene is used as a solvent, a cleaning agent, and a paint thinner ...
Page: Xylyl Bromide

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Page: Yamakagashi

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Page: Yellow seasnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Hydrophis spiralis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Yellow-faced whipsnake

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Demansia psammophis Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Coagulants Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic range: Western, southern ...
Page: Yellow-lipped sea krait

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert \\ Laticauda colubrina Physical Information Venom name: Toxins: Myotoxins, postsynaptic neurotoxins neurotoxins Manner of intake: Absorption: Human tolerance: Toxicity/symptoms: Antivenom: Geographic ...
Page: Ypres Salient

Ypres is a Belgian town in Flanders that was the scene of the first Chemical Weapons attack in modern history. The attack occurred during World War I, on Thursday April 22, 1915. On the first day of the Second Battle of Ypres, the Germans released 168 tons ...
Page: Yucca Mountain

Yucca Mountain Review {}TXP1{} \\ Contents 1. Toxicological Perspective #toxicological \\ 2. Biography #biography \\ 3. Internal Links #internal \\ 4. References #references \\ 5. External Links #external \\ Toxicological perspective \\ Biography \\ Internal Links \\ References \\ External ...

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Page: Zhou Man

Topic editor: Steven G. Gilbert Lead author: Steven G. Gilbert Overview !radiation.jpg thumbnail, align=left! Zhou Man was a Fifteenth Century Chinese explorer who explored much of the Pacific. In Australia, Zhou came across lead ...
Page: Zinc Phosphide

Lead Editor: Maria M. Williams Lead Author: Elliott Thoreby toxipedia:Elliott Thoreby Overview Zinc phosphide is a highly potent rodenticide that was first registered in 1947. It has a wide range of uses commercially and residentially, including the protection of food ...

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